European Forum for Science and Industry Energy Transition from a European Perspective

Transcription

1 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, CTO, Mainova AG, Frankfurt am Main and Chairman DSO Committee, Eurelectric, Brussels European Forum for Science and Industry Energy Transition from a European Perspective Scientific Support to Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems

2 Mainova AG member of Thüga Group is a municipal owned utility based in Frankfurt Overview Mainova Has its headquarters in Frankfurt Supplies customers with gas, water, heat and electricity Is amongst Germany s top 10 regional supply companies Owns and operates grids and power plants Has some European business Has about employees Has a turnover of nearly 2 billion Is mainly owned by the City of Frankfurt Has major stakes e.g. in o The municipal network Thüga AG o o The gas upstream and trading company Gas Union GmbH The water upstream company Hessenwasser GmbH Focus area for gas and electricty grids, heat and water supply Focus area for power plants and domestic customers Focus area for business customers 2

3 Session II Technical measures for cost effective regional grid operation Technical integration of renewables is mainly a distribution issue Distribution Source: 3

4 Session II Technical measures for cost effective regional grid operation Volatility has to be handled mainly on the distribution level Impact of renewable energy sources Wind Sun Generation V Voltage increase in the grid Local power station Photovoltaic system 86 kw 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv 20 kv 10 kv 0,4 kv Integration Overload / congestion Voltage Challenge Time (one day) 4

5 Session II Technical measures for cost effective regional grid operation Linking different sources and sinks on the distribution level is the most cost-efficient solution (e.g. portfolio effect between urban and rural areas) in order to achieve partial adequacy on a local level. This is reducing the task for the transmission grid Rural areas are mainly generating while urban areas are generating, consuming and storing Integration into a local energy cluster (diameter 100 km) Volatility requests back-up generation and storages. District heating (adding P2H) and gas systems (adding P2G) are offering huge capacity Pumped hydro storages are not sufficient. We have to think outside the box and connect the media electricity, gas and heat Use of existing infrastructure (e.g. district heating, smart grids) in a new way (e.g. storage) reduces investments Holistic planning of (urban) heat, electricity and gas systems creates synergies 5

6 Session II Technical measures for cost effective regional grid operation Electricity distribution system has the function of the first aggregation level in order to achieve adequacy. Second aggregation level is the national transmission grid and third aggregation level is the European interconnected grid (minimization of total costs: generation plus transportation costs) New forms of cooperation between utilities, industry (e.g. chemicals) and transport (e.g. cars) have to be established. Management of material flow will change (e.g. producing hydrogen traditionally from methane or using electrolytic plants) DSO acts as a moderator, enabler and facilitator of this system 6

7 The Frankfurt smart grid field test shows that active distribution system management works Implementation Two characteristic test sites in the Frankfurt area with a high density of PV have been choosen: Rural radial LV-grid Bergen- Enkheim Relocated farms with large PV systems, 1 MV/LV transformer station Urban interconnected LV-grid Bornheim Properties from the ABG between Dortelweiler Straße and Preungesheimer Straße with large PV systems, 3 MV/LV transformer stations The smart grid project is carried out in two characteristic areas. As a consequence, the results are meaningful

8 The Frankfurt smart grid field test shows that a capacity increase of the existing LV grid by 30 % is feasible LV cable box Sensor PLC Logic PLC MV/LV station Acting device (grid, customer) Connection of renewable energies Sensor (measurement) Sensor and control unit (autonomous agent) Acting device Online data from the MV/LV station Communication with central diagnostic and control system (GPRS) Online data form the LV cable box Communication with control unit (sbox) Communication with local sensors and acting devices (mbox und abox) (PLC) Autonomous supervision and control through grid status identification Control of grid elements but also generating and consuming devices Online data from a generating or consuming device Control of generating or consuming device Communication with control unit (sbox)

9 Active voltage control in the LV grid An example for an acting device (grid related measure) ines LV controller Sensor Acting device (grid) Sensor Acting device (grid) Niederspannungsregelsystem Durchgangsleistung: 630kVA Regelbereich: +/- 6% Stufengröße: 1,5% Gesamtwirkungsgrad: 99,7% 9

10 The Frankfurt smart grid field test The developing consortium received several awards Know-how transfer price 2012 of the University of Wuppertal Smart Energy Award 2013 Price of the Federal State of Hessen Reward of DKE / VDE (German Committee of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and IT) Energiewende 180 Degree 10

11 Thüga Group is establishing the first power to gas device feeding into the distribution grid in Frankfurt Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM): Electric Power: 60 m³ hydrogen per hour (180 kw) 320 kw 11

12 Thüga Group is establishing the first power to gas device feeding into the distribution grid in Frankfurt P2G means production of hydrogen. Transforming hydrogen by the use of carbon dioxide into methane is extremely energy consuming First German P2G plant feeding hydrogen into the gas distribution grid P2G plant built in an urban environment offers substantial advantages: Availability of water Availability of gas distribution system Availability of electricity Use of waste heat possible (district heating) 12

13 Building integrated photovoltaic generation will become a powerful and volatile urban source of energy soon Cost reduction: Silicon solar cells System cost Levelized cost of electricity New: Organic solar cells The integration of solar panels into buildings allows the use of these modules as constructional elements. This leads to a cost reduction which reduces electricity generation costs Silicon solar cells have to be positioned in the direct sun light while organic solar cells (based on carbon-hydrogen molecules) are able to use also diffuse light. Production will be managed with the help of conventional printing machines Also batteries made enormous progress. 100 laptop batteries may store the daily energy consumption of an average German family Mainova field test 13

14 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, CTO, Mainova AG, Frankfurt am Main and Chairman DSO Committee, Eurelectric, Brussels Distribution level is one of the key factors in order to integrate renewable energy sources!

15 Curriculum Vitae Peter Birkner Study of electrical power engineering and doctoral thesis at Technische Universität München (Dipl.-Ing., Dr.-Ing.) Positions within RWE Group Lechwerke AG, Augsburg, GER (11/ /2004; Vice President, Business Unit Grid) Wendelsteinbahn GmbH, Brannenburg, GER (1/ /2008; Managing Director) Vychodoslovenska energetika a.s., Kosice, SK (1/2005 8/2008; Member of the Board) RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH, Siegen, GER (9/2008 6/2011; Managing Director) Mainova AG, Frankfurt, GER (7/2011 to today; Chief Technical Officer and Member of the Board) Chairman DSO Committee, Eurelectric, Brussels (6/2008 to today) Visiting Professor (Electrical Power Engineering) Technicka Universita v Kosiciach, (6/2005 to today) Associated Professor (Electrical Power Engineering) at Bergische Universität Wuppertal (7/2013 to today) and lecturer at the universities of Bonn (1/2009 to 1/2011) and Wuppertal (6/2010 to today) Numerous publications and lectures on power engineering and economics

16 There is a multitude of options which have to be combined to a cost minimized solution Sustainability Ecology National energy system Economy Acceptance Holistic Media Value chain Renewables Conv. power pl. El. transmission El. distribution El. storages Gas storages Gas grids Thermal storages Thermal grids Customers Europe Efficient Generation Consumption The defined focus determines the final system The Principle of Pareto has to be considered Sociological and social consequences of technology have to be evaluated The Principal of Technical Subsidiarity as well as the question of timing (when are we going to do what?) are crucial in order to achieve the cost minimized system 16

17 Regional energy clusters are an important step towards balancing the power system Today s high voltage systems (substructures are not highlighted) High voltage clusters in principle Combining generation and load patterns Principle of technical subsidiarity Solve problems where they are occurring 17