WP 4 HOW TO DO IT WELL Samples and Guidelines Output: 4.6.1

Transcription

1 WP 4 HOW TO DO IT WELL Samples and Guidelines Output: publicity September, 2014 public internet print x non public This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co-financed by the ERDF The sole responsibility for the content of this [webpage, publication etc.] lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

2 Table of Content 1. Introduction Energy objectives and targets Methodology Assessment of economic financial incentives Recommendations Identification of potential investors 1

3 1. Introduction A regional energy concept is a key document serving as basis for decision-making processes, as planning aid for prospective climate protection activities and possibly for climate change adaptions. It shows the technical and economical CO2-saving potentials for communal and other decision makers. Furthermore, the concept defines goals for the diminution of CO2- emissions and energy demands, and illustrates necessary short-, medium- and long-term measures to achieve the targets. For the development of an integrated energy management concept every concept region needs to define the basic objectives in the first place. In this case it is the introduction, dissemination and perpetuation of the utilisation of renewable energy sources (RES) and of energy efficiency improvements to the highest possible degree. Generally, an energy concept orientates on the national and local climate protection or energy goals. Its aim is to achieve them and thereby lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The goal of this template is to create a summary guide for third parties, to show how the supply side was managed within the CEP-REC project. As the available data, the sources and other circumstances differ for every region, it is important to create a local version of the document for every concept region. In the Introduction of any regional energy concept, the features of the concerned municipality or region should be described. That is why the historical background, economic and demographic development, housing situation and specific characteristics of the region are illustrated. 2. Energy objectives and targets The goals of the European Union can be seen as the overall goals for European countries and aim at limiting global warming to less than 2 C until the end of the century. In order to reach this target, at least 20 % of the greenhouse gas emissions shall be reduced in the medium term until 2020 in reference to the values from Furthermore, a 20 % reduction in energy consumption and an increase in renewable energies utilization was stipulated to up to 20 % of the endenergy consumption. That is why these goals are also known as the goals. In addition, an extensive decarbonisation among the European energy suppliers has to take place until 2050 and the greenhouse gas emissions shall be diminished by up to 90 %. In Germany, the limitation of the increase of the average global temperature to a maximum of 2 C in comparison to the pre-industrial era is also top priority of the federal climate change goals. In order to achieve the targets, the federal government defined several quantitative milestones in its climate change concept One of them is the enhancement Identification of potential investors 2

4 of the utilization of renewable energies up to a 60 % coverage of the endenergy consumption with renewable energies until The energy efficiency must also be increased according to the declared target of the 20 % reduction of the primary energy consumption until 2020 compared to 2008, and 50 % reduction until The climate change policy of the federal state of Bavaria aims at reducing the energyinduced CO2-emissions per capita to clearly less than 6 tons until This goal shall be accomplished by a 30 % increase in energy productivity and a 20 % enhancement of the renewable energy share in reference to the endenergy consumption. Moreover, the generation of electricity from renewable sources shall be elevated to 50 % until Bavaria has established further enhancement targets for energy from hydropower, biomass and deep geothermal energy. Additionally, more specific targets were developed for the districts and municipalities by the individual regions. The definition of the fundamental objectives and targets has to be carried out already at the beginning, because it limits the utilization possibilities of renewable energy sources and the magnitude of sustainable and realizable energy potentials. It also influences the need to improve existing energy transmission and energy distribution systems. 3. Methodology The regional energy demand assessment was based within the realization of CEP-REC on three pillars, as it can be seen in Figure 1. The first pillar is a general evaluation and collection of structural statistical data, e.g. from official statistics like the Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data processing (Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik). The second pillar represents a raw data survey amongst the regional energy suppliers concerning e.g. regional gas and electricity demand. To obtain information about non-grid based energy carriers, the national database of the German Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (Renewable Energy Act) was consulted additionally in regards of the renewable energy part and analysed referring to the geographical borders of the German model region. The third pillar stands for a detailed data survey amongst the municipalities in the model region, which partly bases on an already existing database of small scale municipalities energy demand analysis Identification of potential investors 3

5 Figure 1: Methodology of energy demand assessment (Source: eza!) For the analysis of the existing situation, a planning template shall be elaborated based on the earlier assessments of regional energy management conditions that were carried out in the CEP-REC project. The template shall contain: 3.1) an assessment of the recent energy demand of the concept region (based on the total energy consumption), 3.2) an assessment of the structural distribution of the total energy consumption by the main energy consuming sectors, 3.3) an assessment of the structural distribution of the different energy sources, including renewable energy sources 3.4) an assessment of the potentials (theoretical, technical, economical and/or politically feasible potentials) of different local energy sources. These shall represent potential energy supply that may satisfy the energy demand of the concept region and beyond. This is described in Report ) After the regional energy balance (local deficit or surplus, complemented with trade) is calculated, the introduction of different types of energy supply systems may follow. They describe mainly the traditional energy transmission and distribution networks (grids and pipelines). That incorporates natural gas networks, high pressure pipeline networks of crude oil and crude oil derivative products. Furthermore, secondary energy networks, which base on energy transformation, are concerned as well, like e.g. the electricity grid (in order of the hierarchy of the voltage level) and the heat (district heating and cooling) supply systems. In addition, the decentralised electricity network Identification of potential investors 4

6 systems and smart grid initiatives that incorporate mainly various forms of renewable energies must be described, as well. (This topic is depicted in Report ) 3.6) The need for a common European economy, which includes the need to establish major international energy network systems. Ultimately, this can lead to energy trade realized between countries with advanced supply potentials and energy importing countries. The potential conditions and long-term enhancement necessity of these are described in Report 3.2.3, in which also the demand for and the practice of the transfer of renewable energies appear (e.g. solid biomass trade). In order to assess recent conditions, territorial data are indispensable. In the following, an overview of the methodology will be given, how energy related data can be obtained specifically for the Allgäu: 1. Statistical Data: i. General domestic data can be obtained from the webpage of Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data processing, which holds statistical data on state, county and municipality or community level. The Statistisches Bundesamt provides information, like e.g. territorial data, inhabitants or employees. 2. Stationary energy supply: i. Electricity: ii. iii. Data collection from the transmission network operator (amprion) and the electricity supplier (AÜW, Lechwerke, Allgäuer Kraftwerke, etc.) either by information provided on their webpages or by questionnaires. Among others, the collection includes information on general electricity provision, CO2-emission factors, heat generation via electricity or electricity generation by renewable energies. Self-consumer renewable energy (excluding Photovoltaic) Information can be obtained by the asset master data of the electricity transmission network operator, Amprion and EnBW Transportnetze. Heating oil: Data collection via questionnaires from the responsible chimney sweepers; investigation of the capacity of oil central heating and oil-fired heating systems; statistical projection of the total thermal output Identification of potential investors 5

7 iv. Natural gas Data collection from the gas suppliers Schwaben Netz, Erdgas Kempten- Oberallgäu, Thüga Energienetze and Stadtwerke Lindenberg via questionnaire. This includes also information about regenerative methane gas. v. District heating: vi. vii. viii. ix. Information can be obtained directly from the operator of a heating plant. In case the plants are combined heat and power plants, information about the electricity generation is to be given additionally. Renewable energies: Information about RES-E can be obtained directly from the electricity suppliers, or the operators. Generally regional potentials regarding renewable energy sources can be obtained from the Energie-Atlas Bayern by the Bavarian State Government. It provides maps for wind velocities, solar radiation, duration of sunshine, locations of thermal discharge, thermal discharge of sewage plants and a lot more. Furthermore, all energy producers (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal and more) are given, as well as network structures (lines, power stations and substations and more). Wood: Information about wood based heating is a difficult task, as this type of fuel is distributed by many suppliers. Many private forest owners use their own wood resources privately. Nevertheless, data can be gained from the responsible district chimney sweepers. They are able to provide data of individual heating systems, as well as the capacities of wood-fuelled central heating systems. Environmental heat: The data of the necessary electricity consumption for the provision of heat from heatpumps can be obtained from the electricity suppliers. Solar thermal energy: Most of the solar collectors used for the provision of solar thermal energy have been promoted by the market incentive program Marktanreizprogramm Solarthermie. Annual capacities of thermal solar collectors that were installed after 2001 can be obtained from the database of the Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle. This number will be adjusted with a projection of the capacities of solar thermal systems that were installed before x. Real estate of communities: The energy demand of communal real estates can be obtained from the local administrations Identification of potential investors 6

8 xi. Lignite and hard coal: The Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology provides information in the study Energiebilanz Bayern, through which the communal energy consumption of lignite and hard coal can be estimated. xii. Further energy aspects: 3. Traffic: Information about Biogas, sewage gas, waste management and liquid gas can be received from the operator companies and concerning the generation of electricity from the electricity supplying companies. The same accounts to CO2- emission factors and electricity consumption for night storage heaters. The concerned traffic data can partially be obtained from the Deutsche Bahn and regional bus companies with questionnaires. Furthermore, based on the number of registered vehicles at the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt and German averages. Projections can be carried out to determine the energy demand. Four sectors were considered in total and are outlined below: I. Local passenger traffic: II. III. IV. o Motorbikes o Cars o Underground/metro o Local rail transport Long-distance passenger traffic: o Intercity buses o Private buses o Air traffic o Long distance rail passenger traffic o Water transportation Road freight transport: o Utility vehicles Miscellaneous freight traffic: o Rail freight traffic o Ship freight traffic Identification of potential investors 7

9 4. Assessment of economic financial incentives For the preparation of the regional energy utilisation concept, it is indispensable to know the RES incentive systems of the country in question and possibly of other countries as well, in order to propose and apply good practices. The concept builds on the regional energy demand, the supply conditions and the source potentials described in the situation assessment. 4.1) It is expedient to identify and propose investments for the RES promotion through an approach that is systemic and economically sound. (Report 4.4.1). 4.2) It is expedient to identify and assess RES investors along a systemic approach. (Report 4.4.2). 4.3) For the collection and the assessment of information on RES incentive/support systems, a questionnaire and guidance (Guidance for Report 4.5.1) was prepared and then circulated among the various countries of the project partners. 4.4) Responses were processed and various RES incentive systems or instruments of 8 countries (and if information was received, particularly of the concerned regions) were listed. In addition they were compared, resulting in Report When outlining mid term RES investment proposals (for Report as described above), the RES incentive environment has also to be taken into account. 4.5) A summary report of recommendations to improve national and regional RES incentive systems was also prepared (Report ). 4.6) The last guidance titled How to do it well summarises and gives recommendations related to an ideal regional RES concept elaboration process based on CEP-REC project (Guidance 4.6.1) Identification of potential investors 8

10 5. Recommendations 5.0) Recommendation zero is a must: consider the rules of the EU state aid guidelines, especially the new 2014 environmental and energy state aid guidelines ) Recommendation 1. Aim for applying an incentive instrument/system that includes the aspects economic efficiency, effectiveness, enforceability and political feasibility. I. Recommendations regarding national incentive systems 5.2) Recommendation 2. Aim for advanced market integration for almost mature RES technologies, possibly a) Maintaining a transparent and flexible feed-in tariff system, in case the premium feed-in is not applied (also for less mature technologies). b) RES-E should bear the self-caused system costs and be rewarded for benefits. 5.3) Recommendation 3. Incorporate specific regional features in the national system, where it is useful and justifiable (e.g. regional bonuses for RES-E feed-in tariffs in less developed regions). 5.4) Recommendation 4. Pay great attention and strongly support the systematic approach for the development of RES heating and cooling a) Apply a fix tariff support for the operation of RES-H just like in the UK b) Apply a purchase duty for energy traders with a premium system for RES-H. c) Apply a RES-H obligation for new buildings and major refurbishments. 5.5) Recommendation 5. Provide research and development funds and other incentives, in order to promote innovative new technologies, energy systems (e.g. smart grids) and enterprises (e.g. registered power zones with higher rate of return of distribution network operators, which apply innovative solutions for RES connections and integration, as e.g. in the UK) Identification of potential investors 9

11 II. Recommendations regarding regional incentive systems 5.6) Recommendation 6. Support local developments and regional incentives. Regional planning capacities are important, therefore the establishment of a regional office (e.g. near the regional council) is vital, in order to develop programmes, prioritise the distribution of EU funds for energy purposes and decide on the actual disbursements. 5.7) Recommendation 7. Found and establish a regional energy agency like the Energieund Umweltzentrum Allgäu (eza!). It can act locally, gives productive impetus regarding energy aspects and comes up with new ideas in regard of climate protection for the concerned region. It promotes energy efficiency, energy savings and an enhanced use of RES. It also serves as an important contact point for the regional residents with respect to energy related topics, like e.g. refurbishment of buildings for house owners or landlords. A public sponsorship is helpful. 5.8) Recommendation 8. Give incentives to mobilise local forces to establish RES Energy Cooperatives Identification of potential investors 10