The global warming potential of wood fuels (GWP bio )

Transcription

1 The global warming potential of wood fuels (GWP bio ) Bjart Holtsmark Statistics Norway Presentation at seminar at the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry June 22, 216

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3 What is GWP? A metric for comparison of GHGs Atmospheric lifetime and warming effect of GHGs Relative measure: GWP of fossil CO 2 = 1 What is GWP bio? Indicator for global warming impact of CO 2 from bioenergy Regrowth and corresponding carbon capture Remaining share Decay function of the Bern 2.5CC carbon cycle model Atmospherice decay of CO2 Years after pulse emissions

4 Previous studies: GWP bio < GWP for fossil CO 2 =1 Thus bioenergy appears attractive Present paper: Improved method for calculating GWP bio Cannot consider regrowth of the harvested biomass only Must take into account the dynamics of forests multiple carbon pools Gives GWP bio 2 3 times as high as previous studies

5 Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric decay and contribution to global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the accounting for the global warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios. GCB Bioenergy, 8, GWPbio Rotation 1 years

6 Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric decay and contribution to global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the accounting for the global warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios. GCB Bioenergy, 8, GWPbio Rotation 1 years

7 GWPbio No-harvest case Rotation 1 years Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from.44 bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric 1 decay and contribution to.43 global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the 5accounting for the global.62 warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios..61 GCB Bioenergy, 8, *Stand age when harvesting 1 years

8 GWPbio No-harvest case Rotation 1 years Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from.44 bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric 1 decay and contribution to.43 global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the 5accounting for the global.62 warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios..61 GCB Bioenergy, 8, *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested 1 5 Other living biomass 5 1

9 GWPbio No-harvest case Rotation 1 years Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from.44 bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric 1 decay and contribution to.43 global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the 5accounting for the global.62 warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios..61 GCB Bioenergy, 8, *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested 1 5 Residues Other living biomass 5 1 Soil

10 GWPbio No-harvest case Rotation 1 years Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from.44 bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric 1 decay and contribution to.43 global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the 5accounting for the global.62 warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), C-pulse from combustion of harvest Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios..61 GCB Bioenergy, 8, *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested 1 5 Residues Natural deadwood Other living biomass 5 1

11 GWPbio No-harvest case Rotation 1 years Cherubini et al. (211a). Effects of boreal forest management practices on the climate impact of CO2 emissions from.44 bioenergy. Ecological Modelling, 223(1), Cherubini et al. (211b). CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric 1 decay and contribution to.43 global warming. GCB Bioenergy, 3(5), Guest et al. (213). The role of forest residues in the 5accounting for the global.62 warming potential of bioenergy. GCB Bioenergy, 5(4), Pingoud et al. (215). Carbon balance indicator for forest bioenergy scenarios..61 GCB Bioenergy, 8, *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested 1 5 Residues Natural deadwood Other living biomass Soil 5 1

12 GWP bio = 1.25* No-harvest case Natural deadwood 1 1 Residues Other living biomass 5 5 Soil Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested

13 GWP bio =.94* No-harvest case 1 1 Residues Other living biomass 5 5 Soil *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested

14 GWP bio =.68* No-harvest case Soil *Stand age when harvesting 1 years.

15 GWP bio =.61* No-harvest case Soil *Stand age when harvesting 1 years.

16 GWP bio =.43* No-harvest case Soil *Stand age when harvesting 1 years.

17 GWP bio = 1.25* No-harvest case Natural deadwood 1 1 Residues Other living biomass 5 5 Soil *Stand age when harvesting 1 years. Tops and branches are also harvested

18 GWP bio =.54 More productive Spruce forest (PI = 2 )* No-harvest case Natural deadwood Residues Other living biomass Soil *Growth function based on data from NOBIO. Stand age when harvesting 6 years. Tops and branches are also harvested.

19 From GWP bio to g CO 2 -eq/unit energy Fossil diesel 3.4 kg CO 2 /liter* 38 MJ/liter GWP = 1 Biodiesel: 1 liters per m 3 wood kg C/m 3 36 MJ/liter PI 2 (GWP bio =.54) PI 14 (GWP bio = 1.25) Warming effect diesel (g CO2 eq/mj) Fossil Spruce PI 2 Spruce PI 14 *Direct emissions from combustion: 2.7 CO 2 kg/liter. Added.7 kg CO 2 /liter relatedto production and distribution.

20 From GWP bio to CO 2 -eq/unit energy Warming effect of diesel Fossil diesel kg CO 2 /liter* 38 MJ/liter GWP = 1 Biodiesel: 1 liters per m 3 wood g CO2 eq/mj 1 TH1 TH5 kg C/m 3 36 MJ/liter PI 2 (GWP bio =.54) PI 14 (GWP bio = 1.25) 5 Fossil Spruce PI 2 Spruce PI 14 *Direct emissions from combustion: 2.7 CO 2 kg/liter. Added.7 kg CO 2 /liter relatedto production and distribution.