Natech risk management in Colombia: An overview

Transcription

1 Natech risk management in Colombia: An overview UN/ OECD Workshop on Natech Risk Management (Natural-hazard triggered technological accidents) 5 to 7 September 2018, Potsdam, Germany Maria Camila Suarez Paba Ana Maria Cruz, Ph.D. Research Center for Disaster Reduction Systems DPRI, Kyoto University suarez.camila.57u@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Survey of Natech risk management in Colombia a. Survey objectives and methodology b. Survey results 3. Concluding remarks

3 1. Introduction 3

4 Natural and technological disasters in the Americas ( ) Natural disasters Technological disasters Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database-Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL) CRED D. Guha-Sapir- Brussels-Belgium 2

5 Natural and technological accidents in Colombia Fatalities Injuries Natural disasters 49 Technological accidents 33 Total Accidents 82 Fatalities Injuries Natural disasters Technological accidents Total Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database-Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL) CRED D. Guha-Sapir- Brussels-Belgium 35

6 Disaster regulation moving towards chemical accident risk prevention National System for the Prevention of and Response to Disasters (SNPAD) National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD) Disaster Risk Management System (SNGRD LAW 1523 Disaster Risk Management Plan for Public and Private Entities (PGRDEPP) Decree 2157 Sendai Framework for DRR* Sets guidelines and road map to reduce the risks from natural, environmental, technological and biological hazards. DRR*: Disaster Risk Reduction Colombia - Law 1523 Specific risk analysis should be carried out and consider natural hazards effects on industrial installationsʹ infrastructure. (Art. 42) 4

7 2. Survey of Natech risk management in Colombia 7

8 2a. Survey objectives 1. Determine how Natech disaster risk management is being developed. 2. Explore the existence of current preparedness and prevention measures for Natech scenarios. 3. Identify Natech events that have occurred in Colombia and the associated lessons learned. 6

9 2a.Survey methodology Questionnaire for governmental organizations Type of questions: Characterization, multiple choice, perception (Likert scale), yes/no/unknown, open question. Sample size: 24 gov. organizations Num. of completed questionnaires: 14 Response rate: 58% Source: 7

10 Organizations that responded the survey Process Safety Prof. (Cundinamarca and Santander) Operational risk Coord. (Cartagena and Santander) Risk reduction division Risk Knowledge division 8 x2

11 2b.Survey Results Organizations Characterization Organizations Hierarchical Level Organizations Responsibilities District Municipal National Industry/Economy Civil protection/ Emergency response Environment Higher education/ Research N=14 N=14 Multiple response 9

12 2b.Survey Results Natural Hazards identification Others Volcanic activity Storm surge Tsunamis Flash flooding Storms Landslide Lightning Earthquake Flooding Number of responses N=14 Multiple response 10

13 2b.Survey Results Current guidelines and standards National Level Natural hazard loads considered for the design, construction and operation of industrial facilities? Regional Level Industrial facilities should consider natural hazards for their structural design? 43% 43% 14% 71% 0% 29% Current recognized approaches 11

14 2b.Survey Results For new industrial facilities How are natural hazards considered as a decision-making criterion within land use plans? A. Land use B. Urban planning C. Granting construction licenses D. Operation of industrial facilities Current guidelines and standards E. Other* N=13 Multiple response Areas of ecological reserve and/or ecosystem importance Natural hazards are not taken into account for new installations 12

15 Based on Law 1523,Art. 42 Risk analysis, risk reduction measures and DRM plans are to be developed COMPULSORY Organizations reply Guidelines for industrial facilities to prepare from and mitigate the effects of Natech events are unknown. Vs. Decree 2157 Establishes the general guidelines for the development of the DRM plan. (Dec. 2017) 13

16 2b.Survey Results Risk Perception Susceptibility of the regions to a Natech or technological event Satisfaction of local authoritiesʹ management to reduce potential occurrence of accidental events Very little susceptible Neutral Very susceptible Little Susceptible Susceptible Very unsatisfied Unsatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 14

17 2b.Survey Results Risk Perception Industry Are Natech scenarios known by Colombian industries? Governmental organizations Are DRM authorities effectively trained in Natech risk reduction mechanisms? % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Limited knowledge on Natech scenarios characteristics and suitable response mechanisms 15

18 2b.Survey Results Cooperation mechanisms Is there an overlapping of responsibilities between DRM organizations that affects the planning and mitigation of Natech events? Are there cooperation mechanisms between industrial facilities and government for DRM? % 7.1% 35.7% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Cooperation mechanisms identified Technical advisory boards for technological risk Mutual cooperation plans and committees National System for Disaster Risk Management Corporate social responsibility in line with National government actions Disaster Regional committees 18 16

19 2b.Survey Results Community participatory mechanisms Existence of risk communication programs? Active participation of the community is promoted? 64.3% 21.4% 14.3% 78.6% 21.4% Communication channels Citizen information policy. Part of the National Information System for Disaster Risk Management (SNGRD) Local Risk Management and Climate Change Councils Risk Management Advisory Board Mass Communication Channels Participatory mechanisms Community participation policy Risk Management programs for citizens Educational committees and events Citizen participation sessions with groups of interest 17

20 2b.Survey Results Suggestions for Natech risk reduction Knowledge Training Information on Natech events characteristics and effects. Identification of hazards and vulnerable equipment. (Natech risk analysis) LUP considering Natechs Prevention Guidelines for Natech risk preparedness and prevention strategies Regulations for old and new ind. installations Evaluation of industries current status. Budget, human and technical resources. Articulation between public and private entities. Mitigation Accident record keeping Strengthen mutual cooperation strategies. Risk prevention drills. Information and training for emergency response personnel 18

21 2b.Survey Results Record keeping Is it mandatory for industrial facilities to keep a record of technological accidents? 42.9% 21.4% 35.7% N= % 33.3% 33.3% 16.7% 16.7% 66.7% Natural hazards are considered as possible causes? N=6 Is the information collected by industrial facilities available to local authorities? 19

22 2b.Survey Results Record systems based on A. Technological/industrial accidents B. Natech events District level and industry C. There is no accident record system Ministries The accident record keeping has served for lessons learned: Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20

23 Natech at Dosquebradas, Risaralda in Dec 2011 Mass movement Pipeline rupture Gasoline released. Reached the river. Vapor cloud finds ignition source Vapor cloud explosion and fire Consequences 32 fatalities More tan 80 injured Structural and environmental damage Source: Vanguardia Liberal Source: Source: Semana magazine 23

24 3.Concluding remarks 24

25 3. Concluding remarks Legislation in Colombia is progressively moving towards a chemical accident risk prevention approach. Although not specifically addressing the acronym Natech, DRM strategies have started to consider natural hazard effects on industrial installations. Preparedness and prevention measures for Natech scenarios are currently focused on earthquake resistance design codes. Only recently specific risk analysis have started to be required to industrial facilities, together with the design and implementation of risk reduction measures, emergency and contingency plans to protect the population and surrounding environment. Identification of past Natech events in Colombia is difficult due to a lack of record keeping systems. Dosquebradas Natech event raised interest in the government and influenced the creation of law

26 3. Concluding remarks Recommendations Clear guidelines regarding stakeholders responsibilities are required to avoid overlapping in Natech prevention and mitigation strategies. Existing collaborative mechanisms between industry and government should be improved in order to include Natech events as part of the disaster risk management strategies. Knowledge improvement and response capacity are required to increase awareness and to strengthen preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategies. The accident record keeping needs to incorporate natural hazards as potential causes of industrial accidental scenarios. This information should be shared with other industrial facilities and available to governmental organizations. 24

27 Natech risk management in Colombia: An overview UN/ OECD Workshop on Natech Risk Management (Natural-hazard triggered technological accidents) 5 to 7 September 2018, Potsdam, Germany Maria Camila Suarez Paba Ana Maria Cruz, Ph.D. Research Center for Disaster Reduction Systems DPRI, Kyoto University suarez.camila.57u@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp 27