The Role of Treatment Wetlands in Resource Oriented, Small Sanitation Systems. Dr. Fabio Masi, PhD

Transcription

1 The Role of Treatment Wetlands in Resource Oriented, Small Sanitation Systems Dr. Fabio Masi, PhD

2 CW systems: a complex equilibrium Molle (2012)

3 1950 ties: Dr Käthe Seidel Wetland plants are capable of removing large quantities of inorganic and organic substances from polluted water 1970ties: Prof. Dr. R. Kickuth: WurzelRaumEntzorgung = The Root Zone Method

4 (Stefanakis, 2014)

5 (Stefanakis et al., 2014)

6 Basic configurations

7 (HEADLEY & FONDER, 2010)

8 Several thousands CW systems in operation around the world

9 Application Fields 1 POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of: - domestic WW - municipal WW

10 Application Fields 2 POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of: - domestic WW - municipal WW - industrial WW

11 Application Fields 3 POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of : - domestic - municipal - industrial -Tertiary treatment as polishing stage in conventional treatments plants

12 Application Fields 4 DIFFUSE POLLUTION: Agricultural Runoff Urban Runoff Highway Runoff Airports Runoff Polluted Surface Waters and Growndwaters

13 Application Fields 5 PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS: - Landfill leachate - Sludge dewatering and mineralisation

14 Creative Design Phi Phi Wastewater Treatment Plant Distribution box with siphon d 2 Vertical-flow constructed wetla 3 Subsurface flow constructed w PIPING LAYOUT Subsurface flow constructed w Polishing pond Water reuse tank 7 Existing concrete tanks

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17 Source: GIZ - SuSaNa 17

18 Source: flores.unu.edu

19 In a circular, sustainable water management Constructed Wetlands will play a key role, even more than presently. Given the predicted modifications of the entire water management some adaptations will be necessary, requesting research and development of new types and new applications of wetlands: as effective effluent factories, in urban landscaping, including plants choice, integration into buildings, hygienisation of water and breakdown of organic trace pollutants.

20 Use of CWs for wastewater treatment CW configuration Removal efficiency (%) Salycilic acid Ibuprofen OH-Ibuprofen CA-Ibuprofen Naproxen Diclofenac Caffeine Carbamazepine Methyl dihydrojasmonate Hydrocinnamic acid Oxybenzone HFCW (0.5 m) VFCW SFCW Galaxolide Tonalide 91% 88% 65% SFCW VFCW HFCW -CWs working under aerobic conditions are more efficient. -SFCW configuration is the most efficient due to the occurrence of different removal processes (biodegradation, adsorption and photodegradation)

21 Use of CWs for water reuse SFCW vs. conventional tertiary treatment (Spain) Empuriabrava WWTP. 35,000 PE Polishing ponds+ SFCW (HRT=7-15 days) Total surface area = 7 ha vs. Blanes WWTP. 110,000 PE Flocculation, lamella clarifier, sand filter, UV reactor, chlorination (HRT=6-8 h) Removal efficiency (%) benzothiazole hydrocinnamic acid dimethyl phthalate cashmeran ibuprofen benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- tributyl phosphate methyl dihydrojasmonate celestolide tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate diazinone caffeine galaxolide tonalide terbutrin carbamazepine naproxen Oxybenzone triclosan ketoprofen diclofenac furosemide Blanes Empuriabra Natural (75%) Convencional (30%) Matamoros, V., Salvadó, V Journal of Environmental Management, 117, pp Matamoros, V., et al Bioresource Technology, 104, pp

22 Use of CWs for aquifer recharge 800 Concentration (ng/l) WWTP effluent Concentration (ng/l) >90% attenuation Galaxolide Carbamazepine Caffeine Tonalide Ketoprofen Oxybenzone Methyl dihydrojasmonate Diclofenac Dimethyl phthalate Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Furosemide Cashmeran Naproxen Terbutrin Recharge basin (CW)-Extraction well Benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- Ibuprofen Benzothiazole Tributyl phosphate p-tert-octylphenol Triclosan Diazinone Celestolide Bisphenol A 0 Galaxolide Carbamazepine Caffeine Tonalide Ketoprofen Oxybenzone Methyl dihydrojasmonate Diclofenac Dimethyl phthalate Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Furosemide Cashmeran Naproxen Terbutrin Benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- Ibuprofen Benzothiazole Tributyl phosphate p-tert-octylphenol Triclosan Diazinone Celestolide Bisphenol A Matamoros V, Salvadó V (2013). J. Environ. Manage. 117,

23 -The attenuation of CEC in CWs depends on different factors (CW configuration, clogging, surface area, presence of plants, seasonality, sorption material ). -The use of Hybrid CWs improves attenution of CEC from wastewater -CWs used as tertiary treatment technology are able to remove CEC more efficiently than conventional tertiary systems -Reed bed sludge systems, restored wetlands, recharge basins and buffer strips are useful for attenuating the discharge of CEC into the aquatic environment. -The presence of vegetation enhances the attenuation of CEC.

24 The new approach needs multi-disciplinary approach, i.e. the readiness for cooperation: reuse of nutrients needs the contribution of agronomists, integration in and on houses is a task with architects and interior designers, urban planners and traffic experts need to work at urban fabric integration, climatologists have to prove the benefits in terms of heat island mitigation, biodiversity optimisation with habitat and species biodiversity experts, economic feasibility and benefits, sociologists have to prepare the field for acceptance and provide participatory planning approaches.

25 WATER SAVING GREYWATER RECYCLING ROOF WETLANDS INDOOR TWs John Deere tractor factory, Mannheim, Germany GREEN WALLS San Francisco Public Utilities Commission: l«living Machine» Tarragona, Tabacalera: post-treatment + reuse for gardening Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (PUNE) VERTICAL GARDEN FOR GW TREATMENT, FP7 Nawatech 25

26 Treatment and reuse of parking lots runoff and domestic greywater

27 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems / Water Sensitive Urban Design / Blue Green Dream

28 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR CSO ONSITE TREATMENT AN OPTION FOR URBAN WATER PARKS WWTP BYPASS (CSO) TREATMENT MERONE ( P.E.) and CARIMATE ( P.E.) VF AERATed m 2 FWS m 2 Treated Volume m 3 (40% tot) Efficiency 141 t/year(64% tot VF m 2 FWS m 2 Treated Volume m 3 (58% tot) Efficiency 60 t/anno (60% tot 28

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