EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEW DESIGN SOLAR STILL IN KARBALA-IRAQI WEATHERS

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1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 13, December 218, pp , Article ID: IJMET_9_13_146 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEW DESIGN SOLAR STILL IN KARBALA-IRAQI WEATHERS Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan University of Kerbala, College of Engineering ABSTRACT The experimental investigation of a new design of four-lateral glass faces solar desalination unit is examined. A solar still is a double basin and four slope with East- West orientation in Karbala city. The objective is to study and evaluate the productivity of solar distiller. The test days appears that solar radiation have the maximum intensity through the mid-day, while the productivity exhibit that the production rate and solar radiation are immediately proportional. So the daily efficiency was found to be 48% for ambient temperature of 24.9 o C. Experimental results infers that the production of purified water get better to about 6 liters/day through 1 hours operation period. Keywords: Solar still, solar energy, thermal energy storage, water distillation. Cite this Article: Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan, Experimental Study of New Design Solar Still in Karbala-Iraqi Weathers, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(13), 218, pp INTRODUCTION Almost each the countries are sufferance from shortage of pure water. Large amounts from sea water are exists, with one another with the large amounts form solar and free energy. It's really very fortuitous that in times from high water desire, solar radiation is also intensive. It is useful to tap direct solar energy through placing solar stills. That the prime advantage from solar stills used are available energy is gratis from cost, clean energy, and energy friendly into the environment [1]. The energy is a primary factor with regard to the economic and social growth from the communities. The renewable energy is agreeable as a primary provenance on the earth in the futurity. The common effects from the aberration from fossil fuels and gradually emerging realization around degradation environmental possess offers the premier advantage into the utilize from renewable alternate energy resource during the 21st century. Each from solar thermal, renewable energy are deemed to institute virtually boundless during the lengthy duration and it's the highly abundant resources at the world. Numerous techniques of conventional and nonunconventional possess sophisticated for, purgation about saline water. The among these ones systems water purgation suits, the solar distillation establish eco-friendly and to be economical technique [2]. The solar systems are found in two various types; passive and active systems. The effective parameters on solar still are; solar radiation, material of the basin, water depth in the editor@iaeme.com

2 Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan basin, slope angle from glass cover, ambient temperature and wind velocity. The product from water of solar still is count on the temperature variation between the glass cover inside temperature and water into the basin or solar still. The product from the solar still is directly proportional to the temperature variation from the inside glass cover and water in the solar still [3]. In the passive type of solar still, a solar radiation is extradited directly by means of the solar still or the water basin and it's just one exporter the energy into raising the basin temperature, thus evaporation result into abring down productivity from fresh water. At active solar still system additional the thermal energy is provided for a water basin out of an exterior process for an increase productivity from fresh water and the evaporation rate. Passive type solar still systems afford lower product when compare together with the active type solar still systems. The among non-conventional technique into purge the contaminated water, and the most, eminent the process, is the solar distillation. Method of solar distillation is the more appealing than for another methods. A solar distillation method demand unpretentious technology such as low maintenance, no need the skillful workers, and that it ability be applied everywhere without any problems [4]. Sahoo et al. [5] studied the performance on the valuation of a solar still utilizing thermocol insulation and blackened surface. The purpose of work is using the solar energy through abstraction from fluoride of drinking water via utilizing the solar energy. So the test possess been conducted utilizing the solar still with find still efficiencies with different test matrices and out hourly product rate. Rustum & Omar [6] possess made an effort to be discovered the influence from various parameters about a solar still product utilizing a occult group technique. The study discover that a prime factors that influence product are: water depth, salt concentration, solar intensity, coupled with collector, ambient temperature, wind speed and sprinklers The performance was studied the stepped solar still together with storage system of the latent heat thermal energy [7]. A complete daily revenues was a nearly 4.6 Liters per square meter and the efficiency of the system was 57%. The performance from the single slope solar still using stearic acid such as phase change material (PCM) was simulated [8]. The conclusion indicated that the phase change material (PCM) was efficacious owing to lighter masses for winter months. The performance was studied influence of storage system of the latent heat thermal energy on cascade solar still [9]. A results discover that the high productivity was gained during the least flow rate. Cascade solar still coupled with storage system of the latent heat thermal energy experimentally [1]. The results indicated that an increase by 31% in the productivity due to phase change material (PCM) employment. The performance from passive type solar still together with the (PCMs) heat energy storage system was simulated [11]. It was found that the chosen from a phase change materials (PCM) depends accurately on extreme temperature of brackish water. The performance enhancement was studied from the concentrator-coupled hemispherical basin solar still by means of a phase change materials (PCMs) experimentally [12]. It was found that a productivity raised influence due to a phase change materials addition. The performance from a solar still by means of three different types form PCM was presented experimentally [13]. The phase change materials PCMs were asodium Acette, Sodium Sulphate and Potassium Dichromate. The performance was studied of solar still by PCM [14]. The aim of this work is to study and evaluate the productivity of four-lateral glass faces solar distiller in Karbala-Iraqi weathers. 2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK Figures (1) and (2) show a schematic diagram and photographic views from a solar still utilized into the current study. It is consists from a rectangle basin form stainless steel metal which possess an efficient area from 1.25 m 2. The solar still basin is dimensions in mm. The thickness of stainless steel plate is (1.1 mm), a top cover is made of glass has(6 mm) thickness The tilt of editor@iaeme.com

3 Experimental Study of New Design Solar Still in Karbala-Iraqi Weathers cover glass 32 and This faces of solar still was direction at east-west. The total installation is made compact with assist of clamps and elastic gasket. From inlet valve to the basin Water enters and a floater is fixed inside the basin to maintain water level is constant (6 cm). The basin was surrounded by wooden box and it was insulated from the bottom and sides by (3 cm) thickness of insulation glass wool used to reduce a heat conduction losses. The condensed distilled water is at the inside glass surface and drops along the lower brim of cover. The distillated water was assembled in a, flask and its measurement by measure vessel.a Thermocouples are using measure temperatures were installed at various places from a solar still to measured temperatures like basin water, inside surface glass cover, outside surface glass cover, ambient temperature and vapor temperature. Figure (1): A schematic diagram of the solar still Figure (2): Photographic views of the solar still editor@iaeme.com

4 Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan 3. PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR DESALINATION The solar still basin possess a thin water stratum, a diaphanous surface glass cover on top of a water is wrapped and the basin conduit for assembling the distillated water of basin solar still. A glass cover surface transfers the rays of sun through it to saline water within the solar still or water basin is to be raised a temperature through solar radiation that pass into a glass cover surface and absorb via the undermost the basin solar still. At the solar still, a temperature variation between a surface glass cover and water is the active force form the fresh water product. Vapor inflow upwards of the hot surface water in basin and condensate on the inside surface glass cover. This condensate distillate water is assembled through the canal. Measurement devices: solar power meter (TES- 1333) is utilized to measurement the directly solar radiation, SD card data logger 12 channels, graduated vessel. Graduated vessel is utilized to measuring the fresh water distillated of a basin solar still. Thermocouples of type-k are utilized to measuring a temperature from inside surface glass cover outside surface glass cover water basin solar still, ambient and vapor temperature. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figs. (3) And (4) illustrate the experimental results of solar intensity variation with time of which it is observed to be maximum at the mid-noon, minimum at morning and sunset. Solar Radiation in W/m² Figure. (3): Variation of solar radiation on autumn day Figure (4): Variation of ambient temperature with time Fig. (5) Shows the variation from absorber plate (basin) temperature along the operating period of solar still. The temperature of absorber plate raise gradually together with raise in solar intensity and possess summit around 2: pm. a maximum gained values at the plate is 45 C. It editor@iaeme.com

5 Experimental Study of New Design Solar Still in Karbala-Iraqi Weathers is clarify that into the morning hours from the day a temperature for the plate is a little higher than a temperature for water because in such that intervals surface glass cover is directly surface the solar radiation and also its temperature rising quickly compare together with a temperature for water. After, the rises in a temperature for water is faster into comparison together with a temperature for glass cover by means of increasing heat losses of the glass cover into the ambient. Fig. (6) Shows the hourly variation from water temperature along the operating period. In the present new design from solar still, a maximum value of water temperature into the basin is 43.2 o C. 5 Basin Temperature in C : 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Figure (5): Variation of basin temperature with time Water Temperature (C ) : 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Figure (6): Variation of water basin temperature with time Figs. (7) And (8) present the quotidian variation of glass outside and inside temperatures, respectively. From knowledge, it is important to have a difference in temperature between the inside and outside solar distiller to achieve the greenhouse phenomenon required to be as driving force for fresh water production. It is observed that the variation between the outside and inside glass cover temperature was 7 o C at the peak (2: pm) due to touching of wind to the outer of glass cover surface which reduces the temperature at this surface editor@iaeme.com

6 Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan Glass Cover Outside Temperature in C : 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Figure (7): Variation of glass cover outside temperature with time Glass Cover inside Temperature in C : 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Figure. (8): Variation of glass cover inside temperature with time Fig. (9) Shows water vapor temperature during the operating period of solar still. It is obvious that water vapor temperature increases with increasing solar intensity and be maximum at (1: to 2: pm). This indicate that the amount of water evaporated at this time period is the greatest value. Fig. (1) Reveals the quotidian difference of pure water productivity from the solar still. It is express evident that a pure water fructification of the basin solar still relied on a solar intensity through into sunshine hours. Also the results display that a solar intensity is directly proportional to product of a solar still. It is by virtue of the amount from partial, reclamation from heat of the water to phase change material (PCM) in the basin. Fig. (11) Illustrate the solar still thermal efficiency during the day. It is cleared that the solar still efficiency increases with increasing the solar intensity during the sunshine and be maximum at (4:) pm editor@iaeme.com

7 Experimental Study of New Design Solar Still in Karbala-Iraqi Weathers Vapor Temperature in C : 7:3 8: 8:3 9: 9:3 1: 1:3 11: 11:3 12: 12:3 1: 1:3 2: 2:3 3: 3:3 4: 4:3 5: Figure (9): Variation of water vapor temperature with time.2 Productivity ( ml/m².hr) Figure (1): Variation of hourly Productivity With time Solar Still Efficiency,ƞ Figure. (11): The hourly variations of the solar still overall thermal efficiency with time 5. CONCLUSIONS From the present work, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Solar radiation into the test days discover that a high intensity happen through the mid-day, and a productivity display that the production rate and solar radiation are directly proportional editor@iaeme.com

8 Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid and Hasan Fathi Alwan 2. The daily efficiency was found to be 48% for ambient temperature of 24.9 o C. 3. Experimental results concludes that a production from purified water enhance to about 6 liters/day for 1 hours operation period. REFERENCES [1] S.Naga Sarada, Banoth Hima Bindu, Sri Rama Devi R and Ravi Gugulothu (214) Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols , pp: [2] Naga Sarada Somanchi, Anjaneya Prasad B, Ravi Gugulothu, Ravi Kumar Nagula, Sai Phanindra Dinesh K (215), Performance of Solar Still with Different Phase Change Materials, International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 4(5-1): pp: [3] Rajendra Prasad.P, Padma Pujitha.B, Venkata Rajeev.G and Vikky.K (211) Energy efficient Solar Water Still, International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research (IJCRGG), Vol.3, No.4, pp: [4] Swetha K and Venugopal (211), Experimental Investigation of a Single sloped still using PCM, International Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Technology, 1(4), pp: [5] Sahoo B.B,Sahoo N,Mahanta P,Borbora L,Kalita P, and Saha U.K. (28), Performance assessment of a solar still using blackened surface and thermocol insulation, Renewable energy, vol.33,issue-7,pp: [6] Rustum Mamlook and Omar Badran (27), Fuzzy sets implementation for the evaluation of factors affecting solar still production, Desalination, vol.33, issue 1, pp: [7] Radhwan A.M. (25), Transient performance of a stepped solar still withbuilt-in latent heat thermal energy storage, Desalination, 171, pp: [8] El-Sebaii A.A., A.A. Al-Ghamdi, F.S. Al-Hazmi, A.S. Faidah (29), Thermal performance of a single basin solar still with PCM as a storage medium, Applied Energy, 86, pp: [9] Tabrizi F.F., M. Dashtban, H. Moghaddam (21), Experimental investigation of a weirtype cascade solar still with built-in latent heat thermal energy storage system, Desalination, 26, pp: [1] Dashtban M., F.F. Tabrizi (211), Thermal analysis of a weir-type cascade solar still integrated with PCM storage, Desalination, 279, pp: [11] Ansari O., M. Asbik, A. Bah, A. Arbaoui, A. Khmou (213), Desalination of the brackish water using a passive solar still with a heat energy storage system, Desalination, 324, pp: 1-2. [12] Arunkumar T., D. Denkenberger, A. Ahsan, R. Jayaprakash (213), The augmentation of distillate yield by using concentrator coupled solar still with phase change material, Desalination, 314, pp: [13] Gugulothu R., N.S. Somanchi, D. Vilasagarapu, H.B. Banoth (215), Solar Water Distillation Using Three Different Phase Change Materials, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2, pp: [14] Shashikanth M., B. Khadka, Y. Lekhana, P.M.S. Kiran, N. Alaparthi, S. Veerammneni (215), Solar Water Distillation Using Energy Storage Material, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 11, pp: editor@iaeme.com