Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide. August 2006

Transcription

1 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide August 2006

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3 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide August 2006 Prepared in accordance with Section 22 of the Development Act 1993 Government of South Australia ISBN

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5 Foreword Foreword I am pleased to release the Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide. This Strategy provides direction from the State Government on land use and development in the metropolitan Adelaide planning region. This region is framed to the west by the sea, to the east and south by the Mount Lofty Ranges, and to the north by the Gawler River. The people of Adelaide have an enviable lifestyle and enjoy a high standard of living at relatively low cost. Metropolitan Adelaide has a temperate climate, fabulous beaches, a clean environment, ample open space, and key destinations are readily accessible. Adelaide also provides a diverse range of employment and business opportunities. In order for this current high standard of living to continue well into the future, Adelaide needs more people living and working here. This is particularly so given the ageing of our existing population. The capacity to create economic opportunity must be improved through the development of infrastructure, business opportunities and increased coordination between the business, education and government sectors. Simultaneously the qualities of the natural and urban environments must be preserved, maintained and enhanced. The Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide plays an important role in achieving these aims by providing clear direction for the land use and development activities of Councils, Government agencies and the private sector. I look forward to the Planning Strategy building on the foundations provided by South Australia's Strategic Plan to create a successful and dynamic future for Adelaide and for South Australia. Yours sincerely Paul Holloway Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council Minister for Police Minister for Mineral Resources Development Minister for Urban Development and Planning iii

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7 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION Role of the Planning Strategy Defining Metropolitan Adelaide and Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Structure of the Metropolitan Adelaide volume of the Planning Strategy Consultation Implementation of the Planning Strategy CONTEXT AND KEY DIRECTIONS Ecologically Sustainable Development The Physical Frame of Metropolitan Adelaide and the Urban Boundary South Australia s Strategic Plan The Economy, Industry Development and Opportunity Environment, Energy, Water and Waste Population, Communities, Housing and Wellbeing The Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework DETAILED POLICIES METROPOLITAN WIDE POLICIES Water Resources Biodiversity Open Space, Recreation and Sport Land Use and Transport Integration Energy Efficiency Integrated Waste Management Coastal, Estuarine and Marine Environments Adelaide s Hills Face Culture, Heritage and the Arts Education Facilities Health and Community Services Hazard Avoidance, Minimisation and Management...61 RESIDENTIAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT The Central City Activity Centre Activity Centres Residential Neighbourhoods and Housing Townships Urban Design Urban Regeneration...87 BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY Primary Industry Employment and Business Focus Areas Industrial Land...97 v

8 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 3.22 Specialised Activity Precincts Commercial Uses Tourism Facilities IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND REVIEW State Government Local Government Monitoring and review GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX 1 STATE LEGISLATIVE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT/DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK APPENDIX 2 OBJECTS FOR THE ADELAIDE DOLPHIN SANCTUARY ACT APPENDIX 3 SOUTH AUSTRALIA'S STRATEGIC PLAN (SSP) TARGETS APPENDIX 4 RESIDENTIAL METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM LIST OF MAPS Map 1: State Planning Strategy Areas...2 Map 2: Relationship between Metropolitan Adelaide and Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region Planning Strategy Areas...4 Map 3: The Urban Boundary...10 Map 4: Adelaide water cycle...32 Map 5: Ecosystem assets...36 Map 6: Open space, recreation and sport...38 Map 7: Land use and transport integration...42 Map 8: Central City Activity Centre...66 Map 9: Activity Centres...70 Map 10: Residential development areas...76 Map 11: Employment and business focus areas...94 Map 12: Industry...96 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Age Sex Structure of SA Population 2001, 2026 & 2051 (two million by 2050 scenario)...21 Table 2: Projected SA households by type (two million by 2050 scenario)...22 Table 3: Activity Centres Hierarchy...71 Table 4: Guide to Defining Housing Densities...77 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework...26 vi

9 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Role of the Planning Strategy The Development Act 1993 (Section 22) requires the publication by the State Government of the Planning Strategy for South Australia. The Planning Strategy presents the South Australian Government's policy directions for the physical development of the state over the next 10 to 15 years. The Strategy is reviewed regularly, and updated at least every five years. There are three volumes in the Planning Strategy one for Metropolitan Adelaide, one for the Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region, and one for Regional South Australia. This volume describes the State Government s direction for the future growth and development of the Metropolitan Adelaide planning region (see Map 1). The Planning Strategy provides a physical and policy framework to assist in reaching the various targets outlined in the South Australia s Strategic Plan (2004). The Planning Strategy is integrated with, and should be read in conjunction with, other specialist plans, including the Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia (2005), the Housing Plan for South Australia (2005), the State Government s 20 year water strategy, Water Proofing Adelaide (2005), the State Natural Resources Management Plan (2006), Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan (2006) and South Australia s Waste Strategy (2005). This Metropolitan Adelaide volume of the Planning Strategy: provides a framework for development based on principles of ecologically sustainable development and management of the Adelaide metropolitan area creates an environment of certainty for investors, state agencies, local government and the community by providing a clear indication of the State Government's policy directions for the physical development of the metropolitan area. In particular, the maps, policies and strategies contained in this Planning Strategy provide direction and a resource for metropolitan councils undertaking strategic and planning processes, including strategic management plans, Development Plan reviews and Development Plan Amendments under the Development Act All councils will need to incorporate infrastructure and service requirements into their plans, which will be informed by the Residential Metropolitan Development Program (RMDP) released as Appendix 4 in this Strategy. The RMDP provides estimates of future population levels, land supply, infrastructure requirements and development sequencing which are revised from time to time reflecting contemporary trends. Councils and agencies should also consider infrastructure and service requirements identified in the Industrial Land Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide, a separate strategy which provides a framework of actions to ensure an adequate supply of 'development ready' industrial land and a confident supply for future demand. 1

10 Regional SA Planning Strategy area Regional SA Planning Strategy planning and development areas - Outback - Eyre Peninsula - Upper Spencer Gulf - Yorke Peninsula - Mid North - Murraylands - Riverland - South East - Kangaroo Island Metropolitan Adelaide Planning Strategy area Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region Planning Strategy area VICTORIA Planning Strategy boundaries Planning and development area boundaries River Murray Coastal waters 0 250km Planning SA State Planning Areas Corrections November to

11 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.2 Defining Metropolitan Adelaide and Outer Metropolitan Adelaide The Metropolitan Adelaide Region is framed to the west by the sea, to the east and south by the Mount Lofty Ranges, and to the north by the Gawler River. The metropolitan Adelaide planning strategy region was adopted in 1998 based on a separation of land use types and activities rather than the region used more generally to describe metropolitan Adelaide. The region generally conforms to the following: it contains the Hills Face Zone with the remainder of the ranges (previously covered by the Mount Lofty Ranges Strategy) included in the Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region it is drawn west of the watershed (as defined by the Environment Protection Act) except: - where the watershed extends into the Hills Face Zone and then it is drawn east of the watershed - the southern part of the boundary follows an old administrative (council) boundary the western boundary is a line three nautical miles from the coastal low water mark the northern boundary follows the northern boundaries of the existing council areas of Playford and Gawler, mainly along the Gawler River. The area covered by this Planning Strategy shares a boundary with the Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region. It is important that the visual, functional, economic, social and ecological linkages between the metropolitan region and outer metropolitan region are recognised and incorporated into planning and strategic policy development. Some of the key links between these planning regions are shown on Map 2. They include: water resources, particularly links to the watershed and reservoirs open space networks, including Yurrebilla, Metropolitan Open Space System (MOSS) and the proposed regional open space system transport links, particularly for freight movement, including export-focused and intra-regional movement of goods and services population movement patterns, such as the movement of retired persons and commuters (for employment) from the metropolitan area to the outer metropolitan Adelaide region the reliance of the outer metropolitan Adelaide region on major community facilities located in the metropolitan area such as health and education facilities key tourism areas that attract people from the metropolitan area, interstate and overseas biodiversity corridors, mainly through open space. The outer metropolitan Adelaide region has its own separate volume of the Planning Strategy. 3

12 Industry centre with potential employment catchment extending into the northern metropolitan area Kapunda Freeling Nuriootpa Mount Lofty Ranges Watershed Angaston Tanunda Yurrebilla Mt Lofty Parklands On average 60% of metropolitan mains water is from the Mt Lofty Ranges and 40% is from the River Murray and stored in the Mt Lofty Ranges Metropolitan Open Space System study area (MOSS) Regional Open Space System study area (ROSS) Hills Face Zone Centres performing a regional service function Future primary freight route T Metropolitan urban area Significant urban areas T T Centre with northern metropolitan and outer metropolitan population catchment Key tourism destinations T Kingsford Regional Industrial Estate Lobethal Waste management sites T Woodside Key freight and transport terminals T Stirling Strategic road network Bridgewater Centre with regional catchment extending to Southern Fleurieu State Government maintained roads Hahndorf Nairne Littlehampton Mount Barker Approximately 45% of workers commute to Adelaide Railway Waterways and reservoirs Centre serving regional and local population Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary Metropolitan Adelaide Development Act boundary National Parks and ROSS link to MOSS and serve both local and regional populations Strathalbyn 25 km Planning SA 2003 Carrickalinga Milang Normanville Yankalilla Goolwa High numbers of holiday homes, an ageing community and significant seasonal population variations 2 Port Elliot Victor Harbor Relationship between Metropolitan Adelaide and Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region Planning Strategy areas November 2004 Corrections to

13 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.3 Structure of the Metropolitan Adelaide volume of the Planning Strategy This volume of the Planning Strategy is presented in 4 chapters. The first chapter provides introductory information about the requirement for, and role of, the Planning Strategy. The second chapter examines the context in which the Planning Strategy has been developed and outlines the key directions of the Strategy, including the practical implementation of ecologically sustainable development; the limits set by the existing physical frame and setting of metropolitan Adelaide; the importance of the Urban Boundary; the relationship between the Planning Strategy and South Australia's Strategic Plan; and the framework for future growth the Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework. The third chapter outlines detailed strategies and policies for 24 topics arranged for convenience into the groupings of 'metropolitan wide', 'residential and urban development' and 'business and industry'. These groupings are intended to lead the reader from the broad context into more detailed considerations. Chapter 4 presents information on the important aspects of implementing, monitoring and reviewing the Strategy. 5

14 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 1.4 Consultation Planning SA received more than 180 submissions on drafts of the Metropolitan Adelaide and Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region volumes of the Planning Strategy which were released for 13 weeks consultation from 16 April 2005 to 31 July Four hundred copies of the two draft volumes of the Strategy were widely distributed to relevant stakeholders in hard copy and electronic form; notification advertisements appeared in state-wide and regional newspapers; and presentations and briefings were provided for various groups. The general commentary, opinion, issues and statements in the submissions have been used to further develop and finalise each of the volumes of the Strategy. 6

15 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.5 Implementation of the Planning Strategy The Minister for Urban Development and Planning is currently assigned responsibility for preparing the Planning Strategy on behalf of the State Government and reporting annually to Parliament about its implementation. The Planning Strategy is implemented through the actions of both the State Government and local governments. The Strategy largely provides the planning policy framework to guide strategic planning at both the state and local level and between the tiers of government. The Planning Strategy can be implemented by specific actions of government agencies or local councils. The Planning Strategy guides actions and development through Development Plans which are amended by Development Plan Amendment Reports to incorporate the policies of the Strategy. The Planning Strategy also indicates directions for urban and regional development for business and industry, federal government agencies, infrastructure providers and utilities, and the wider community. The Planning Strategy is continually monitored for its relevance and is comprehensively reviewed and modified from time to time to reflect new issues, changing community priorities, and policies requiring different emphasis. Some matters change faster than others, requiring elements of the Strategy to be reviewed more frequently. The Residential Metropolitan Development Program (RMDP), for example, is a significant implementation tool to guide the location of new residential development. The rate of utilisation of land for development will determine how frequently the RMDP needs to be revised to ensure that the sequence of land development continues to provide a useful guide to developers, infrastructure providers and local government. It is therefore likely that the Residential Metropolitan Development Program will be revised more frequently than other parts of the Planning Strategy. 7

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17 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions 2 Context and Key Directions 2.1 Ecologically Sustainable Development Everything we as South Australians do must be sustainable socially, environmentally and economically. Our ability to make Adelaide sustainable and prosperous in the future depends in large part on development decisions made now. The Planning Strategy is guided by the principle of Ecologically Sustainable Development. Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) and its core objectives and guiding principles are defined in the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development (1992) as: " 'using, conserving and enhancing the community's resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased' The Core Objectives of ESD are: to enhance individual and community wellbeing and welfare by following a path of economic development that safeguards the welfare of future generations to provide for equity within and between generations to protect biological diversity and maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems The Guiding Principles of ESD are that: decision making processes should effectively integrate both long- and short-term economic, environmental, social and equity considerations where there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation the global dimension of environmental impacts of actions and policies should be recognised and considered the need to develop a strong, growing and diversified economy which can enhance the capacity for environmental protection should be recognised and considered the need to maintain and enhance international competitiveness in an environmentally sound manner should be recognised cost effective and flexible policy instruments should be adopted, such as improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms decisions and actions should provide for broad community involvement on issues which affect them. These guiding principles and core objectives need to be considered as a package. No objective or principle should predominate over others. A balanced approach is required that takes into account all these objectives and principles to pursue the goal of ESD." 9

18 Central City Activity Centre Regional Activity Centres Primary Industry Strategic road network Rail, trams and O-Bahn State Government maintained roads Hills Face Zone Metropolitan Open Space System study area Metropolitan urban area Elizabeth RANGES Waterways and reservoirs Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary Consolidate urban services within the Urban Boundary for greater efficiency in matching supply and demand. Port Adelaide Modbury Protect waterways and reservoirs Control of urban footprint will arrest potential for increase in commuter travel distances, with benefits for energy consumption, air pollution and travel time between metropolitan destinations. LOFTY Protect strategic agricultural land north and south and areas of significant biodiversity. Marion Protect Hills Face Zone Noarlunga MOUNT km Please note: This map is a demonstration of the foundation, The managed development of an urban area, and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 3 The Urban Boundary November 2004

19 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions 2.2 The Physical Frame of Metropolitan Adelaide and the Urban Boundary Since the 1950s, metropolitan Adelaide has experienced significant low-density urban sprawl to the south and the north. In 2002 the Government established a formal Urban Boundary to control the outward sprawl of Metropolitan Adelaide. The Planning Strategy maintains the Urban Boundary (Map 3). The Urban Boundary delineates the outer limit of desired urban growth in order to: protect valuable agricultural production areas, water catchments, open space and conservation zones outside the boundary from urban development facilitate the efficient provision and use of infrastructure and services (eg roads, electricity, gas, water, waste, public transport, schools, hospitals etc) inside the boundary provide for perpetual re-use of treated effluent through purpose-built irrigation systems that avoid disposal of effluent to the sea minimise incursion of urban development into areas of high bushfire risk, unstable slopes, high visual amenity etc facilitate the clustering of activities such as industry, educational facilities, community services and retail and commercial developments reduce the social disadvantage which can be caused through distance reduce travel time and costs to and from employment provide certainty to investors. Some townships within the broader metropolitan Adelaide planning area also have their own urban boundaries. 11

20 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 2.3 South Australia s Strategic Plan Achieving strong economic growth without compromising the environment or quality of life is a key aim of South Australia's Strategic Plan (SASP), which is supported by this Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide. SASP sets a pathway to a stronger economy and a more prosperous sustainable community by focusing on six integrated objectives: Growing Prosperity Improving Wellbeing Attaining Sustainability Fostering Creativity Building Communities Expanding Opportunity. The SASP projects a vision for the state s future prosperity and wellbeing. Progress toward that vision is measured through movement toward 79 specific targets and associated priority actions. A full listing of these targets can be found at appendix 3, but key ones relevant to this Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide appear below. Further detail of how the targets and actions will be supported by the Planning Strategy appear in the next three sections (2.3.1, and 2.3.3) and Chapter 3. Growing Prosperity targets The Planning Strategy supports the following targets: Better the Australian average employment growth rate within 10 years (T1.1) Maintain Adelaide s rating as the least costly place to set up and do business in Australia (KPMG Competitive Alternatives Study) and continue to improve our position internationally (T1.4) Exceed the national economic growth rate within 10 years (T1.5) Match or exceed Australia s ratio of business investment as a percentage of the economy within 10 years (T1.6) Treble the value of South Australia s export income to $25 billion by 2013 with exporters assisted by the work of the industry-led Export Council which was established in Industryagreed sectoral goals that will assist in meeting the overall target include $7.5 billion by 2013 by the food industry in meeting the Food Plan target, over $3 billion nationally by the wine industry by 2010, further developing our export of motor vehicles, increasing the current 20% per annum sales and revenue growth of the electronics industry and further consolidating Adelaide as the defence industry capital of Australia and developing defence industry exports. Minerals will also contribute to the overall target by achieving ambitious exploration and processing targets. We will work to more than double our share of national service exports and increase our exports of elaborately transformed manufacturers. (T1.12) Increase visitor expenditure in South Australia's tourism industry from $3.4 billion in 2001 to $5.0 billion by 2008 by increasing visitor numbers and length of stay and, more importantly, by increasing tourist spending. (T1.13) Increasing investment in strategic areas of infrastructure, such as transport, ports and energy to support and achieve the targets set in South Australia's Strategic Plan (T1.16) 12

21 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions Increase South Australia s population to 2 million by 2050, rather than the projected population decline (T1.7) Reduce net [population] loss to interstate to zero by 2008 with a positive inflow from 2009 (T1.8) Improved Wellbeing targets The Planning Strategy supports the following wellbeing targets: Improve Adelaide's quality of life ranking on the William M. Mercer Quality of Life index to be in the top 20 cities in the world within 10 years (T2.1) Increase healthy life expectancy of South Australians to lead the nation within 10 years (T2.2) Reduce the percentage of South Australians who are overweight or obese by 10% within 10 years (T2.6) Exceed the Australian average for participation in sport and physical activity within 10 years (T2.7) Attaining Sustainability targets The Planning Strategy supports the following sustainability targets: Increase environmental flows by 500 GL in the Murray-Darling and major tributaries by 2008 as a first step towards improving sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, with a longer-term target to reach 1500 GL by 2018 [by increasing our use of rainwater and re-use of stormwater and grey water] (T3.1) Reduce energy consumption in government buildings by 25% within 10 years and leading Australia in wind and solar power generation within 10 years (T3.2) Achieve the Kyoto Protocol target during the first commitment period ( ) (T3.3) Have five well-established biodiversity corridors linking public and private lands across the state by 2010 (T3.4) Create 19 Marine Protected Areas by 2010 (T3.5) Any clearance of native vegetation being offset by significant biodiversity benefit by 2005 (T3.6) Integrate native vegetation/biodiversity management in South Australia s eight Natural Resource Management regional plans by 2010 (T3.7) Lose no species (T3.8) Double the use of public transport to 10% of weekday travel by 2018 (T3.9) Reduce our ecological footprint to reduce the impact of human settlements and activities within 10 years. Actions will include: - increasing the use of renewable electricity so that it comprises 15% of total electricity consumption within 10 years - extending the existing Solar Schools Program so that at least 250 schools have solar power within 10 years - extending the One Million Trees program so that 3 million trees will be planted in South Australia within 10 years - increasing energy efficiency of dwellings by 10% within 10 years, by such means as the introduction of a five-star energy requirement for new houses by May (T3.10) Reducing waste to landfill by 25% within 10 years (T3.11) 13

22 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Fostering Creativity targets The Planning Strategy supports the following creativity targets: Achieving a ranking in the top 3 regions of Australia in Richard Florida s Creativity Index within 10 years (T4.1) Have based in South Australia either the headquarters, or a major node of at least 40% of all existing Cooperative Research Centres, Major National Research Facilities and Centres of Excellence within 5 years (T4.8) Improve the connections between educational institutions and industry to enhance creativity and innovation (T4.10) Building Communities targets The Planning Strategy supports the following community targets: Encourage provision of affordable housing in the community (T6.6) Halve the number of South Australians experiencing housing stress (people paying more than 25% of their income on rent) within 10 years (T6.7) Expanding Opportunity targets The Planning Strategy supports the following opportunity targets: Double South Australia s share of overseas students within 10 years (T1.14) Improving our students access to all levels of educational facilities (T ) The Economy, Industry Development and Opportunity Achievement of South Australia s Strategic Plan (SASP) targets will see South Australia record a rate and pattern of growth that exceeds many of the current economic forecasts. In the SASP, Gross State Product growth is targeted to exceed the national average within 10 years and exports are targeted to treble in value by In particular, the Plan targets growth in exports of minerals, food, wine, motor vehicles, defence and elaborately transformed manufactured goods, and in services such as tourism and education. This growth will give rise to new demands on the state s economic infrastructure, including energy, water, transport and communications services. The growth will need to be supported by detailed land use planning. Considering the long term and far reaching implications of climate change, future decisions about infrastructure to support the state's economic growth should establish a transition pathway to lower emissions and facilitate adaptation to climate change. The maintenance of existing infrastructure will ensure Adelaide has a well established and functioning asset base. This, together with investment in new assets is vital to the development of metropolitan Adelaide and its performance within the context of the South Australian economy. Moreover, high-quality infrastructure is a fundamental component of investment for growth and economic development, with high-quality and timely provision of infrastructure becoming the primary factor in economic competitiveness. Appropriate and strategically placed and delivered infrastructure lowers the costs of business. South Australia is not only faced with the need to build new infrastructure, but it also has to meet the challenge of an ageing asset base. This asset base will require a detailed strategic initiative for its future management. Microeconomic reform, involving deregulation and privatisation over the past 10 to 20 years in many economies, and in particular Australia, has created an environment where the government is no longer the major owner, financier, developer and/or operator of utilities. This has resulted in substantial changes to the way infrastructure is built and operated, with the private sector playing an increasingly important role in financing and delivery. 14

23 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions However, the Government is still required to coordinate the infrastructure, particularly in relation to urban and economic development. In this instance it is necessary to integrate infrastructure planning into the development program of the city. Infrastructure, like all assets, depreciates and requires improvement and/or replacement. Planning for the ongoing need for capital works and maintenance will require prioritisation. In addition, as cities develop, infrastructure networks become more complex, and it is essential that the process of logging and identifying system failure is able to respond rapidly to this complexity. This Strategy deals with infrastructure provision and maintenance in the broader context of metropolitan planning activity under the topic headings in chapter 3. It is also considered on a wholeof-metropolitan basis in the Residential Metropolitan Development Program (Appendix 4). Protection of Key Areas of Primary Production This Planning Strategy aims to protect key areas of primary production. The Urban Boundary which differentiates between land to be used for urban and rural purposes is designed to ensure that primary production enterprises and their associated services can be developed without threat from incompatible land uses. Areas of protected primary production within the metropolitan Adelaide planning area include: Northern Adelaide Plains Willunga Basin, including the McLaren Vale region Hills Face Zone and watershed. Need for Industrial Land Industrial development requires well-located and serviced land. Policies in this Strategy and the associated Industrial Land Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide identify the key areas and locations for industrial activities. These areas: will be protected from encroachment by activities that are incompatible with their effective operation, such as residential development are near to transport and freight routes are adjacent to areas with good access to a suitable workforce. Key Industrial Precincts are located at: Lefevre Peninsula/Pelican Point Gillman/Dry Creek Edinburgh Parks estate/ Burton Seaford/Lonsdale. Further detail can be found in the Industrial Land Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide, which sets out a framework of actions to ensure an immediate 3 to 5 year supply of 'development-ready' industrial land, and a rolling 15-year 'land bank' to ensure a confident supply for future demand. The volume of freight transported around Australia is expected to double in the next 10 to 15 years. Changes in transport and logistics systems to support movement toward 24 hours 7 days a week operations, and moves toward the use of larger-scale operations in areas such as warehousing and shipping, will have important implications for transport and land use planning. The transport and logistics industry is expected to be a major user of industrial land. 15

24 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Innovation Precincts We must invest in science and research, nurture innovative and enterprising people, and turn ideas into reality. Constellation SA consists of five precincts of intensive research and development activity and innovation, each specialising in a particular field that aligns with South Australia s industry strengths and/or areas of opportunity. These precincts will develop to include additional features, such as community forums, schools, TAFE campuses, businesses and incubator facilities. This Strategy encourages the co-location of complementary activities; the provision of public transport between and to the centres; and increasing investment in the centres. The precincts are: The Florey Innovation Precinct (centred on North Terrace and Frome Road) The Flinders Innovation Precinct (centred on Flinders University) Thebarton Innovation Precinct (Thebarton) Mawson Innovation Precinct (Mawson Lakes and Edinburgh Parks estate) Waite Innovation Precinct (Urrbrae) Employment and Business Focus Areas The Planning Strategy endorses a hierarchy of activity centres and clustering of business and commercial activities in those centres and in other industrial and commercial areas. Focusing employment in clusters in key areas has advantages in the provision of public transport services and other shared infrastructure; increases the potential to develop networks and partnerships; and can reduce travel distances to employment areas. Activity centres play a key role in providing goods and services, employment and a cultural focus for the community, particularly those centres within residential neighbourhoods. Creating the right mix of uses can enhance the viability and vitality of the centres, creating more vibrant and diverse urban environments with more opportunities to live and work more closely, extending activity after hours and making the centres more interesting, safe and active. The Central City Activity Centre will be strengthened as the pre-eminent hub of business, retail, cultural, education, visitor accommodation and government activity in South Australia. It will continue to provide significant employment opportunities, be a major tourist destination in the state, and fully capitalise on a range of services and facilities which are the most comprehensive in the state. The Central City Activity Centre is also a strong growth area for residential development. Priority business clusters are supported around key road, air, rail and sea terminals, particularly intermodal facilities, to maximise the economic benefits of export infrastructure. The Strategy also supports facilitation of a range of jobs close to areas of high population growth to provide employment opportunities for growing communities. Commercial activities, including offices, consulting rooms, personal services establishments, petrol filling stations, motor repair stations, service trade premises, warehouses and business transaction centres, should be focussed within activity centres to minimise ribbon development along arterial roads and to provide strong connecting linkages between office development and public transport. The Strategy supports: the Central City Activity Centre remaining the principal focus of high order office activities encouragement being given to the location of major office facilities in the Central City Activity Centre and regional centres, particularly Elizabeth and Noarlunga 16

25 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions smaller-to-medium office developments being encouraged in district centres and neighbourhood/local centres. A limited number of sites outside activity centres may be zoned to accommodate bulky goods retailing including warehouse style facilities. Tourism The Strategy aims to protect key tourism areas. Tourism currently generates significant revenue for the state and has the capacity to increase. The Adelaide metropolitan area is an important component of the state's tourism attraction and Adelaide's tourism attractions need to be protected and enhanced. Adelaide s key tourism areas include: The Adelaide City Centre, Rundle Mall, The Central Market, The East End and North Terrace and the cultural institutions located along it Port Adelaide The St Kilda mangroves Coastal areas Glenelg and West Beach Special main streets at places like Norwood and North Adelaide Adelaide Hills McLaren Vale Education Facilities Education is a significant factor for the prosperous and healthy development of all communities. This Strategy supports the development of first-class facilities to serve the education and lifelong learning needs of the population so that people can develop their talents and potential for personal and societal advantage. The Government is particularly keen to attract international students by providing them with appropriate support services and facilities such as well-located and safe student accommodation. This Strategy: promotes accessible and responsive educational services that are clustered to ensure the efficient use of energy and resources locates educational and care facilities near key public transport routes and other community facilities and resources ensures a sufficient supply of serviced land to meet future educational needs Environment, Energy, Water and Waste South Australia aspires to become world-renowned for being clean, green and sustainable. All developments to support targeted population and economic growth must be sustainable, promoting improved resource management practices (including water and waste) and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. In addition to the SASP target of meeting the Kyoto target by 2012, the Government has set a target for cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 60% of 1990 levels by South Australia has the highest level of installed wind power capacity in Australia. 17

26 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide The Government will continue to encourage and facilitate the development of renewable energy production in South Australia, including solar, wind and geothermal power. Actions to achieve the SASP sustainability targets (as listed earlier) include: Increasing the use of renewable electricity so that it accounts for 20% of total electricity consumption within 10 years (increased in January 2006 from a target of 15%) Extending the existing Solar Schools Program so that at least 250 schools have solar power within 10 years Extending the Million Trees Program so that three million trees will be planted in South Australian within 10 years Increasing energy efficiency of dwellings by 10% within 10 years by means such as the introduction of a five-star energy requirement for new houses by May 2006 Increasing our use of rainwater and re-use of stormwater and grey water, as per the Water Proofing Adelaide Strategy, and exploring options such as desalination Making a plumbed-in rainwater tank compulsory for all new homes and significant home extensions from 1 July The Planning Strategy supports the roles of the State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 and the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan This Planning Strategy supports these targets and actions. It focuses on protecting our biodiversity, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, protecting valuable water supplies and minimising waste by: establishing biodiversity corridors to link the hills and the coast protecting key coastal and marine areas protecting native vegetation areas capturing and using stormwater and reducing our reliance on the River Murray encouraging waste management facilities at locations which provide opportunities for re-use and recycling supporting Adelaide as a solar city encouraging the use of renewable energy to augment electricity making public transport more accessible, efficient and effective. The Planning Strategy reinforces the clustering of development in a way that gives residents more effective use of the public transport network, walking and cycling, and our businesses and industries access to a better coordinated network of roads, trains, ports and airports. The Strategy advocates the use of a whole-of-water cycle approach to water use based on the hierarchy of avoidance, reduction, re-use, recycling and appropriate disposal. It is essential that in the early stages of land use planning sufficient space be set aside for the capture, treatment and reuse of water. The Strategy reinforces the shift from the reliance on landfill and disposal to resource recovery approaches and recycling including mechanisms to reduce waste production and the clustering of facilities to increase efficiencies. This is the basis of South Australia's Waste Strategy ( ). The Planning Strategy protects and enhances waterways and reservoirs. This is a strong focus of the Strategy which identifies the protection of waterways (rivers, creeks and reservoirs) as a priority, and their associated linear parks and linkages from the Adelaide Hills to the coast. 18

27 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions The Planning Strategy creates and strengthens a linked system of metropolitan open space within and around the urban area, to provide a contrast to the built environment and to cater for a range of recreation, sport and leisure uses. The Metropolitan Open Space System protects the natural environment, including the coast, hills escarpment, significant watercourses and reservoirs Population, Communities, Housing and Wellbeing Projections of population numbers, age profile, rate of household formation, geographic distribution preferences, work patterns and lifestyle expectations all have key implications for planning. Over the planning period and beyond, the profile of South Australia s population will continue to change in terms of age, family structure, and the way people live, recreate and work. Families are getting smaller, and people are living longer and staying in their own homes longer than ever before. These patterns are the result of far-reaching long-term demographic and social trends. Population South Australia s population has shown two distinct and interrelated key trends: its growth rate has slowed (although in 2006 showing some increase in growth rate) and its age profile has risen. While these population trends are the experience of many regions of the developed world, they are particularly acute in South Australia. Indeed, without intervention they may significantly affect this state before any other part of Australia. Population Facts According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, South Australia had a population of almost million persons at June Our population represents 7.6% of Australia s almost million people. SA has experienced consistent population growth of around 6000 to persons per annum over the nine years to This growth is made up of : - natural increase - net overseas migration - net interstate migration. Relative to many other mainland Australian states, SA has experienced relatively low rates of population growth over the past few decades. South Australia s share of Australia s total population declined from 8.6% in 1986 to 7.6% in South Australia's fertility rate declined from 1.76 in 1986 to around 1.68 in 2001 which is slightly less than Australia wide trends. Fertility recovered to 1.73 in 2005 in South Australia and 1.8 in Australia. Natural increase (births minus deaths), shows a long slow decline. Total net migration has seen positive improvement, moving from a neutral position in June 2001, to fluctuating gains of between 1000 and 4000 per year over the past four years. Net overseas migration to South Australia has remained positive over the period and has trended upwards over the past 3 years to levels not achieved since the early 1990s. Net overseas migration has fluctuated between 2500 to 7000 persons per annum since The main factors causing low net population growth are continued net interstate migration losses, which has occurred continually since 1992 and the gradual decline in natural increase. Turning these losses around is a major challenge. At the Economic Growth Summit in 2003, the Economic Development Board and wider community called on the Government to adopt policies that enhance the state s prospects for population growth and, in turn, for the entire state to support and embrace that growth. The Board argued that population growth would lead to stronger domestic markets, greater influence on the national stage, stronger labour markets and additional scale to improve a variety of services. 19

28 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide The Government responded by appointing a Minister for Federal/State Relations to work with the Commonwealth Government on negotiating more favourable international migration conditions for South Australia. Then, in early 2004, the State Government released South Australia s first-ever population policy, Prosperity through people a population policy for South Australia, March That document laid out a vision for population growth in South Australia with the goal of reaching a population of two million by 2050, by expanding the state s share of the national migration intake, increasing the number of expatriate and potential interstate migrants returning or relocating to the state, and reducing the net outflow of young and skilled people. Planning SA in 2005 produced supplementary population projections to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) projections to inform debate about the two million by 2050 population target and other population pathways. Consequently, there are three distinct sets of data which can be used to project future population for South Australia ABS Series B; Planning SA medium-stable migration (2005); and two million by 2050 projections. 1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) series B population projections (2002) suggest that the state s population will increase from around million in 2001 to million in 2015 (an increase of about ), with the population peaking at around million and then declining from as early as The State Government regards the ABS projections as pessimistic because of their underlying assumptions about net migration and fertility. 2. Alternative projections from Planning SA (2005), based on recent demographic trends, under a medium-stable migration' population growth scenario, project the state s population to reach million by 2015 (an increase of around over the 2001 population), with the population increasing to approximately million by around Expansion of the workforce age group (15-64 years) is anticipated until 2011, after which it will diminish as the baby boomer generation retires in large numbers million by 2050 projections Ageing Preliminary projections indicate that under a scenario where the targets of the population policy are achieved, the state s population will grow to around million by 2015 (an increase of around over 2001 levels). The following trends would also be observed: The population will still be growing in 2050, compared to the population declining from as early as 2028 under the ABS projections. There will be a significant increase in the working-age population to a stable figure of around million by 2051, compared to a substantial decrease in the working-age population under ABS projections. The number of children aged less than 15 years will eventually stabilise by 2050 at little more than current levels (assuming relatively stable fertility rates), compared to a continuous fall in their numbers under ABS projections. By 2015, the two million by 2050 policy will result in growth rather than decline in the workingage population compared to ABS projections, and a smaller decline in the school-age population, but no significant difference in the growth of the elderly population. Under all of the population projection scenarios the absolute number and proportion of people aged 65 and over will increase substantially. Under the ABS Series B population scenario the proportion of the population aged 65 and over will increase from 14.6% to 31.1%. 20

29 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions Under the Planning SA medium-stable migration scenario the proportion of the population aged 65 and over will increase from 14.6% to 29.8% over ; while under the two million by 2050 policy that percentage would be 27.5%. Under the two million by 2050 policy the absolute number of people in South Australia aged 65 years of age and over is projected to more than double from around in 2001 to in This will have a significant impact on demand for health services and for aged-care and residential services in all regions of the state. More people are already staying in their own homes with the support of a range of services, and this trend is expected to continue. Table 1: Age Sex Structure of SA Population 2001, 2026 & 2051 (two million by 2050 scenario) Age group ,000 60,000 40,000 20, ,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 Males Females Household formation and housing demand An important impact of ageing is a reduction in average household size (average number of persons per household). Older people have a higher propensity to live in single person and couple households. The largest increases in household category in the future is expected in the female and male lone person and couple families without children categories, as a consequence of an increasing number of older people. There will also be a substantial increase in demand for aged care facilities. One parent families are also expected to increase. This change will reinforce existing trends, where household growth (number of households) is outstripping population growth. In South Australia, household size is projected to decrease from approximately 2.42 persons per household in 2001 to 2.15 in

30 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide A continuation of the decline in average household size will be a substantial contributor to future housing demand, with consequent land use and planning implications (Table 2 demonstrates virtually all the growth in households will be older singles and couples with no children living with them). Table 2: Projected SA households by type (two million by 2050 scenario) Households 1,000, , , , ,000 Female lone persons Male lone persons Group households Other families One parent families Couple families without children Year (30 June) Couple families with children [Note: Household formation projections have assumed the split of family type in each age group remains constant at 2001 levels, as changes in family types are generally difficult to predict. A change in this pattern in the longer term may result in quite different estimates of the number of households.] Population growth will also have an important effect on the number and types of dwellings required over the coming decades. The two million by 2050 target would result in an increase of approximately people per year on average (compound growth of 0.57% per annum). This compares with a 9300 increase in 2004/05 (0.61% per annum). Housing in Metropolitan Adelaide Clearly, a significant number of additional dwellings will need to be created to meet future needs. There will be a steady requirement for large family homes, however the requirement for homes for smaller families, couples and singles will increase. Future housing will need to include a range of types and tenures and be adaptable to various lifestyles and situations and, in particular, smaller households. As the population ages there will be an increasing need for a diversity of housing throughout the metropolitan area. Residential developments are delivered by a range of means, including: broad acre ( greenfields ) developments building on existing vacant allotments demolition of existing dwellings and redevelopment of the sites (including the redevelopment and regeneration of whole areas) creation of additional sites by subdividing existing housing lots use of airspace above existing developments such as commercial premises. 22

31 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions In the metropolitan Adelaide Statistical Division in recent years ( ?) around 50% 1 of new housing comes from broad acre greenfields development and 50% from development in existing areas, including redevelopment such as apartments, demolition and replacement of houses and resubdivision of existing suburban allotments. The supply of broad acre land mainly on the northern and southern fringes is finite and is progressively being utilised. The rate of this utilisation depends on housing demand, residential densities and broader economic factors. For the timeframe on supply of this land to be extended, and the Urban Boundary to achieve its purpose of containing urban development, increased densities will need to be achieved on some existing sites, within some established areas, and in newly developed areas. There is anticipated to be a need for sites for retirement villages, nursing homes and similar accommodation, perhaps in a vertical configuration which will induce chain effects and free up family housing. The replacement of existing housing with additional dwellings should be focussed in selected areas targeted for regeneration and redevelopment, with an emphasis on amalgamating land to more efficiently utilise sites and improve the quantity, quality and diversity of housing stock. This must be done in conjunction with careful development and design policies and controls to ensure at the same time that the desired character of our city and suburbs is identified and policies strengthened to promote and enhance that desired character, and that our important heritage places are protected. To ensure that future industrial and residential developments make more efficient use of available land infrastructure capacity, and that investment in new infrastructure capacity proceeds in a timely and economically and ecologically sustainable manner, the Government has introduced development sequencing for residential land. The Residential Metropolitan Development Plan (RMDP) (released as part of this Planning Strategy) describes the sequence in which residential land should be developed across the Adelaide metropolitan area. The RMDP enables the coordinated development of communities, infrastructure and services. The Government will continue to monitor the supply and demand of residential land and associated infrastructure implications through the RMDP. Population growth, sustainability and lifestyle must be reinforcing To encourage skilled, working-age people to move to South Australia and stay we must provide welllocated jobs and an attractive environment and lifestyle. Global competition for skilled labour and business entrepreneurs has elevated the importance in influencing choice of migration destination of factors such as: cultural vibrancy political freedom personal and family security the quality of education, health and other social services the quality of the natural and urban environment modern and sophisticated infrastructure. 1 Source: SA Government submission to Productivity Commission on First Home Ownership. 23

32 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Importantly, the population policy and South Australia's Strategic Plan emphasises the Government will strive to ensure policies are in place to address environmental sustainability and the social impacts of an increasing population. This Planning Strategy supports those directions, and focuses on providing choice and improving the quality of life and lifestyle in the Adelaide metropolitan area by: encouraging a range of housing types and more diverse living areas with increased opportunities for social interaction encouraging councils to address crime prevention in their planning policies encouraging the efficiency of public transport for easier travel to and from home, work, schools, health services and activity centres retaining five levels of activity centres central, regional, district, neighbourhood and local which provide a community focus for residents promoting desired character statements to guide development in communities to help them retain significant residential character, protect heritage value, and improve upon the important patterns of neighbourhoods as articulated by the community and councils encouraging councils to incorporate urban design principles to guide new development and enhance the appeal and function of towns, suburbs, centres and public spaces, promoting increased opportunities for walking, cycling and playing by providing safe, attractive and interconnected streets and public spaces and encouraging the development of innovative public spaces to add richness to our lives, promote civic pride and enhance the character and identity of the metropolitan area encouraging public art in the development of public areas to reinforce a sense of place enabling residents to participate in sports and other recreational pursuits encouraging open spaces and linked parks across the metropolitan area, providing opportunities for recreation and sporting activities, as well as providing opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Community Facilities To support and encourage a physically and socially active and participating community it is essential to provide access to a range of health and community services and facilities and to create a healthy living environment. This Strategy: supports the health of individuals by promoting good access to a range of education and employment and training facilities, affordable housing, social services, recreation and open space, health centres, and hospital facilities encourages co-location of health and community services and facilities with public transport, activity centres and housing promotes planning for future service needs and matching location and delivery of health and community services and facilities with community needs. 24

33 Chapter 2 Context and Key Directions 2.4 The Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework The planning process needs to produce a framework that is robust and flexible enough to accommodate and adapt to a range of future circumstances and future scenarios. The Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework is a conceptual framework that has been designed to reflect the existing urban structure and identify the common land-use patterns that will accommodate a range of population projections, and the possible resultant housing, employment and service needs. The Framework was developed through a process which involved extensive use of existing GIS data and the creation of several new layers representing key government directions. Strategic planning workshops drawing on planning and local government expertise were conducted using a scenario planning approach layered over existing uses and constraints (these uses and constraints include protected open space areas, parks and waterways; neighbourhood character areas; infrastructure provision and maintenance; stormwater flooding; sea level rises from storm surge; buffer areas required for existing industry; freight routes and strategic roads; and contaminated land). The development of the Framework was guided by the need to incorporate future growth within the Urban Boundary. Based on ESD Guiding Principles, the Framework seeks to maximise the use of existing infrastructure and facilities in a way that minimises energy and water consumption. It promotes future growth in selected locations with capacity for additional growth, well served (or with the potential to be well served) by appropriate movement corridors (eg freight routes for industry; public transport for residential development) and other services and facilities. Targeting growth will also assist in protecting sensitive areas from inappropriate development and can maintain and build upon Adelaide s comparative advantages. The Framework continues the established cascade of Activity Centres within metropolitan Adelaide, from the Central City Activity Centre to five Regional Activity Centres, numerous District Activity Centres, and smaller centres. In particular, the Framework features a potential for increased focus on transit oriented development within Activity Centres, and targeted neighbourhoods and corridors/bands. It is important to recognise that the Framework is conceptual only and has a long-term (30 year) outlook. While it indicates the possible location of future development derived from a metropolitan scenario planning approach, change and refinement will occur through: negotiations with local government and detailed consultation with communities, particularly in regard to location identification, projected impact on local character and required changes to development policy to facilitate any new development ongoing monitoring of the success and impacts of strategies for urban containment. 25

34 Elizabeth RANGES Port Adelaide Modbury LOFTY Marion Noarlunga MOUNT km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. Figure 1 Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework (MSF) November 2004

35 Strengthen the role of the central city activity centre for business and employment while accommodating significant residential growth Encourage employment, service and significant residential growth in and around regional activity centres and better integrate public transport Improve the transit focus and mix of uses within district activity centres and encourage increased housing densities in the surrounding area Improve transit focus of neighbourhoods and encourage growth and redevelopment in appropriate areas Maximise existing services and facilities by creating transit focused activity centres surrounded by increased housing densities Enhance existing nodal development in coastal activity centres Protect coastal biodiversity particularly in aquatic reserves Encourage transit focused economic and employment activity and housing growth to maximise existing infrastructure and facilities Strengthen and prioritise development of Defence Industry and Technology Precinct Encourage investment at key future industry sites Encourage coordinated urban development and regeneration that is linked to employment areas and improves access to community facilities Strengthen economic growth areas and focus attention on key employment nodes to create better links with increased residential densities Protect areas of strategic interest for primary production Link Metropolitan Open Space and recognise its multiple forms including biodiversity areas and rural/primary industry uses Protect and enhance waterways and reservoirs Support the strategic road network Protect State Government maintained roads Increase passenger travel on suburban rail, trams and O-Bahn Make rail stations more accessible Reinforce the Urban Boundary through targeted growth and increased densities Metropolitan urban area Planning Strategy boundary Legend Figure 1 Corrections to

36

37 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3. Detailed Policies This chapter outlines detailed policies for 24 topics arranged for convenience into groupings of 'metropolitan wide', 'residential and urban development' and 'business and industry'. The policies are to be used by Local Government to inform the preparation of their strategic plans and changes to Development Plans in accordance with the Development Act They will also be used by the State Government to inform its decision-making and program priorities, in particular infrastructure provision; to assess Development Plan changes prepared by Councils; to prepare Ministerial Development Plan changes; and to assess development proposals designated as 'major projects' under the Development Act Policies will also be used by development proponents, industry and businesses when putting forward private investment proposals; and by the community to help them understand how the metropolitan area will develop. 29

38 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide METROPOLITAN WIDE POLICIES 3.1 Water Resources 3.2 Biodiversity 3.3 Open Space, Recreation and Sport 3.4 Land Use and Transport Integration 3.5 Energy Efficiency 3.6 Integrated Waste Management 3.7 Coastal, Estuarine and Marine Environment 3.8 Adelaide's Hills Face 3.9 Culture, Heritage and the Arts 3.10 Education Facilities 3.11 Health and Community Services 3.12 Hazard Avoidance, Minimisation and Management 30

39 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.1 Water Resources A significant difference to the sustainability of our water resources can be made by taking a whole of water-cycle approach to water use. This includes water conservation, water use efficiency and augmenting our existing potable water supplies (traditionally provided by SA Water) with local supplies such as rainwater, stormwater, treated wastewater and grey water. At present only 5% of water used is derived from treated wastewater and 1% from stormwater (only 20% of all wastewater is re-used). The growing practice of irrigating of peri-urban agriculture with treated wastewater sourced from urban areas is an innovative way to save water and make the most of the close connection between different land uses within the Urban Boundary. Map 3 illustrates the current sources, use and disposal of Adelaide's water. The following principles aim to improve water use efficiency and should be used when designing development: Avoid and conserve to be considered during the design, development and operational phases. Design into infrastructure a greater use of rainwater and/or local treated stormwater, and treated wastewater for non-potable use. Use different quality classes of water for the most appropriate use, incorporating a net sustainability gain. There will be increases in demand for water resulting from population growth, industrial development and competition from irrigated agriculture. Patterns of consumption will need to be changed and the use of water from alternative sources will need to increase. To achieve greater use of alternative water resources, new multi-purpose water management systems and pricing and water rights arrangements are necessary. Policies 1. Ensure the most efficient use of water based on the principles of avoidance, reduction, re-use, recycle and appropriate disposal, to reduce Adelaide s dependence on water sourced from the Mount Lofty Ranges catchment and the River Murray. (a) Design development at a suburb scale that incorporates: - the efficient and integrated on-site disposal, and/or storage, treatment and use of rainwater and stormwater in accordance with Water Allocation Plans and subject to preventing salinisation. - the use of treated wastewater, industrial wastewater and grey water where appropriate - the use of ground water where appropriate (and within the sustainable extraction level for the resource). (b) Incorporate wetlands and/or other forms of treatment and storage of stormwater into development, to facilitate aquifer storage recovery (ASR), where achievable and in areas where re-use opportunities are available. 2. Promote water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Development Plans, the Building Code of Australia and development proposals to achieve multiple catchment water management objectives such as reducing runoff and flooding; protecting waterways and their biotic communities; conserving and harvesting water; and enhancing the amenity of urban environments. WSUD techniques that may be applied in addition to or in lieu of conventional drainage/disposal measures include: (a) Source controls at the allotment level such as the collection and plumbing of rainwater for toilet flushing, hot water systems and laundry, irrigation or retention/infiltration, through the Building Code of Australia. 31

40 449,600 24,000 58,470 13, , ,000 51,720 Lower Northern Adelaide Barossa 4,500 Swan Reach - Stockport Pipeline 30, ,100 53,000 62,700 1,200 53, , ,00 5,400 36,800 44, ,000 16,450 14,000 33,000 Lower Torrens Upper Little Para 10,000 9,000 Upper Northern Adelaide Barossa Mannum - Adelaide Pipeline 50,500 Upper Torrens 86, ,900 54, , ,900 9, ,340 60, ,000 17, ,210 15,600 77, ,400 24, ,000 20,000 10,200 Patawalonga Upper Onkaparinga 27,500 33,000 Murray Bridge - Onkaparinga Pipeline 134, ,410 12,000 84, ,000 19, ,030 8,220 33, ,490 Lower Onkaparinga km , ,000 10,200 5,720 8,900 Myponga 57,020 1,800 1, ,500 99,000 2,400 Evaportation Ground water extractions Urban consumption Farm dam storage Wastewater re-use Ground water recharge Catchment rainfall volume Irrigation consumption Note: All figures are megalitres Summit Water Treatment Plant From River Murray Wastewater discharge to sea Wastewater flow to another catchment Stormwater and runoff discharge to sea Waterways and reservoirs Major water supply Coastline 4 Adelaide water cycle Corrections November to

41 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies (b) Conveyance controls at the neighbourhood level such as the adoption of water sensitive road designs and the use of grass swales and natural channels to replace kerb and gutter and concrete drains. (c) Discharge controls at the allotment, neighbourhood or catchment level such as retention/detention/infiltration measures, constructed wetlands and gross pollutant traps. (d) Natural systems planning such as retaining natural drainage for trunk drainage and designing housing, roads and open space around watercourses and natural contours. (e) Ensuring industrial development has access to effective wastewater systems which connect to the sewer, or which allow for treatment and re-use. 3. Integrate the management, protection and use of water resources, into broader land use planning and management. (a) Protect and enhance the quality of Adelaide s underground and surface waters. (b) Protect culturally significant water features. (c) Seek opportunities to re-use treated stormwater and wastewater for irrigation and industrial use. (d) Design and manage development to: - protect land from soil erosion, salinisation and contamination - protect watercourses, wetlands, floodplains and water supply catchments from poor land use and management practices - protect underground water resources from overuse and pollution - protect stormwater from pollution - allow the active recharge of underground water, for example, ASR, with harvested stormwater of a suitable quality - maximise retention of remnant native vegetation. (e) Design stormwater management systems to incorporate flood mitigation, improve water quality and where possible support biodiversity. (f) Reduce the flood management and related risk implications identified by floodplain mapping information and adopted stormwater management plans using targeted planning policy where needed. (g) Ensure the maintenance and (if the opportunity arises) rehabilitation of hydrological processes and protection of water-dependent ecosystems, such as wetlands, streams and estuaries. (h) Protect and (if the opportunity arises) restore remnant biota at development sites by establishing riparian buffers, and managing stormwater entry into waterways to minimise contaminant entry, bank erosion and alteration of the natural flow regime. 4. Ensure coordination of multi-objective management of stormwater by considering it both as a resource and potential hazard. (a) Prepare stormwater management plans at the catchment level to be placed in regional Natural Resource Management Plans which aim to mitigate flooding, reduce pollution load on watercourses, use stormwater as a resource and minimise direct coastal runoff. (b) Prepare urban stormwater master plans at the local level (which support catchment level stormwater management plans) to provide a framework for the assessment of appropriate stormwater management measures to be incorporated into development. This should be followed by an assessment of the requirement for drainage system level and on-site measures. (c) Ensure developers, in conjunction with relevant infrastructure agencies and local government, complete infrastructure plans for developments prior to seeking development approval for subdivision. This should encompass water-sensitive urban design at both the site level and whole-of-subdivision level, where one complements the other. (d) Ensure disposal, and/or collection, treatment, storage and re-use of stormwater occurs in the most efficient manner tailored to the catchment characteristics, and stormwater management plans. (e) Ensure that any residual stormwater flow remaining after 4(a-d) have been implemented, is treated to ensure coastal stormwater outfalls do not adversely affect the marine environment. (f) Investigate future water supply infrastructure requirements ahead of population and industry growth pressure. Investigations should take into account current population growth in the area, existing infrastructure capability, environmental impact and potential for water re-use. 33

42 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 5. Increase opportunities for the development of alternative water re-use schemes in appropriate locations. (a) Encourage the development of alternative water re-use schemes involving innovative water capture, treatment, storage and re-use practices, such as that achieved in the Mawson Lakes development, with clusters of high water use activities that are able to take advantage of water supplies. (b) Design and locate water re-use schemes to avoid impacts on sensitive land uses such as residential development. (c) Protect economically important agricultural land able to utilise recycled water for irrigation. Associated policy and legislation Environment Protection Act Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Code of Practice for the Building and Construction Industry Natural Resources Management Act 2004 Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Waterworks Act 1932 Sewerage Act 1929 Public and Environmental Health Act 1987 Public and Environmental Health Act (Waste Control) Regulations 1995 Metropolitan Drainage Act 1935 Metropolitan Drainage Works (Investigation) Act 1957 Metropolitan Drainage Works (Investigation Act 1962 Waste Control Systems: Standard for the Construction, Installation and Operation of Septic Tank Systems in South Australia SA Health Commission State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 Water Allocation Plans Water Proofing Adelaide A Thirst For Change, Wetlands Strategy for South Australia Urban Stormwater Management Policy for South Australia AS3500 National Plumbing and Drainage Code Minister's specification On-site retention of stormwater Guidelines for Urban Stormwater Management Building Code of Australia Stormwater Pollution Prevention Code of Practice for Local, State and Commonwealth Governments Dangerous Goods Code South Australian Reclaimed Water Guidelines (Treated Effluent) 34

43 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.2 Biodiversity In recent years there has been an increased understanding of the value of ecosystems and their contribution to our environment ('ecosystem services') including: purifying air and water absorbing greenhouse gases generating and preserving soils and soil fertility reducing and managing salinity and erosion detoxifying and decomposing wastes pollinating crops and natural vegetation dispersing seeds cycling nutrients controlling agricultural pests by natural enemies protecting from ultraviolet rays moderating weather extremes. These contributions have economic and social value. This higher level of understanding has led to greater demands for the conservation of biodiversity in both urban and regional areas. A priority for this Strategy is to identify, protect and restore ecosystems that are of biological significance in the metropolitan area. This involves the protection and management of air, water, and soil, and integrating biodiversity conservation into urban development and planning processes. Map 5 shows the key ecosystem assets of the metropolitan area. Policies 1. Integrate the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem processes into urban development and planning policies and processes. (a) Identify areas of biological significance (including natural wetlands, wildlife habitats, heritage agreement areas, terrestrial and water dependent ecosystems, wetlands and floodplains) and amend Development Plans to protect them from incompatible uses, fragmentation and degradation. (b) Reflect relevant aspects of the Adelaide Mount Lofty Ranges Regional Natural Resources Management Plan and regional biodiversity plans and strategies in Development Plans. (c) Ensure that planning policy and development assessment processes are informed by ecological investigations and impact assessment specific to the affected area and its biodiversity, especially when land is proposed to be rezoned for more intensive use. (d) Assess and take into account the potential cumulative impact over time of land uses and land division on native habitats when developing planning policy by taking into account the potential intensity, scale and size of development. (e) Protect native vegetation within township boundaries by including it in reserves and open space. 2. Increase the integrity and viability of areas of biological significance by effectively managing land use impacts. (a) Ensure land use changes and development are located and designed to minimise: - the breaking up of existing areas of native vegetation - edge effects around areas of native vegetation by reducing the length of the overall edge (or boundary) as a proportion of the area to be protected - their impact on water-dependent ecosystems, groundwater recharge areas, surface water flows and flows within watercourses - the removal of indigenous vegetation for bushfire protection and infrastructure placement. 35

44 Protect and enhance key biodiversity areas in the vicinity of Barker Inlet, St Kilda and the Port River Dolphin Sanctuary. RANGES Develop a coastal park from North Haven to Sellicks, linking coastal and activity centres and revitalising coastal areas. Folland Park Protect coastal, estuarine and marine habitats, including sand dunes, mangroves, seagrass and saltmarsh. LOFTY Protect Adelaide Hills Face as a significant predominantly natural landscape of biodiversity values. Promote public access to and enjoyment of the coast and public open space areas. Encourage the use of stormwater and treated wastewater. Metropolitan Open Space System study area Protected areas Hills Face Zone MOUNT Protect and enhance key biodiversity areas and linkages throughout Metropolitan Adelaide and adjacent areas. High priority areas for revegetation Aquatic reserves (including the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary) Seagrass Waterways and reservoirs Significant wetlands State Government maintained roads Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 5 Ecosystem assets Corrections November to

45 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies - the introduction of pest plants and animals near areas of biological significance - the number and length of allotment frontages to areas of biological significance, including water-dependent ecosystems. (b) Prevent incompatible activities from occurring within buffer zones to protect areas of biological significance and threatened species. 3. Increase the viability of areas of biological significance by identifying and protecting them and creating linkages between them. (a) Protect, maintain and link road reserves that contain areas of biological significance. (b) Maximise the use of key public transport corridors and arterial road corridors for revegetation programs and linear parks. (c) Protect and manage land adjacent to watercourses by developing appropriate management plans in conjunction with the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Regional Natural Resources Management Plan and Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resource Management Board. (d) Use the open space framework to link areas of open space and habitat, such as wetlands and other areas of remnant native vegetation and private areas of native vegetation, including links to the outer metropolitan Adelaide region. (e) Promote the use of locally indigenous species in landscaping to create buffers and linkages; to minimise water consumption; and to reduce the potential for the spread of proclaimed pest plants or other non-indigenous plants. Associated policy and legislation National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 Natural Resources Management Act 2004 Native Vegetation Act Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Regulation of trees under the Development Act 1993 NatureLinks Implementing the Wild Country Philosophy National Parks and Wildlife Reserve Management Plans Wetlands Strategy for South Australia State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan SA Urban Forests Biodiversity Program/Million Trees Program 37

46 Enhance the coastal linear park route and enhance the development of focal points which provide complementary recreational, leisure and interpretative activities. T Elizabeth RANGES Revitalise Port Adelaide and restore and reinforce the historic port character. Port Adelaide Modbury Recognise the role of key sport and recreation facilities in supporting tourism viability and encourage connection with a range of supporting uses and activities. Provide a full range of retail, tourist accommodation and leisure facilities within the precincts around the Rundle Mall to reinforce its retail and tourist role. T T T LOFTY Emphasise key gateways Central City Activity Centre Key recreation and sport facilities Regional Activity Centres Marion Use viewpoints and lookouts to showcase Adelaide Nodes of coastal activity Metropolitan Open Space System study area Strengthen metropolitan Adelaide s traditional urban village style activity centres T Protected Areas Aquatic reserves (including the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary) Lookouts Passenger transport terminals Airports Noarlunga MOUNT Promote tourism opportunities with links to the Adelaide Hills Link tourism development in the McLaren Vale region to the food and wine industry, art, rural activities and the recreation and leisure opportunities on the coast. Seaports Jetties Key gateways Waterways and reservoirs Rail, trams and O-Bahn Strategic road network State Government maintained roads Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 6 Open space, recreation and sport Corrections November to

47 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.3 Open Space, Recreation and Sport Open space plays an important role in protecting and enhancing the environment and providing opportunities for recreation and sporting activities. By providing open space we can help improve the health, fitness and general wellbeing of communities. Quality open space: provides a visual contrast to the built environment contributes to a sense of place and character benefits the cosmopolitan makeup of Adelaide provides opportunities for biodiversity conservation. The underpinning strength of open space in Adelaide is the Metropolitan Open Space System (MOSS). The system is an integrated network of both public open space and private land designed to provide a greenbelt in and around Adelaide. MOSS includes the foreshore, the Hills Face Zone and designated major waterways crossing through the metropolitan area. The MOSS Study Area shows the land that the State Government in conjunction with Local Governments and other key stakeholders regards as appropriate to be investigated and considered as part of a MOSS zone when rezoning occurs. One of the key uses of open space is for recreation and sporting activities. These activities may require the development of specialist facilities outside of designated open space areas such as recreation centres, pools and stadiums for events and elite-level sports. Existing key recreation and sport facilities are shown on Map 6. Any future facilities at the state, regional or local-level must be socially inclusive and provide a range of recreation, sporting and tourism opportunities across the metropolitan area. Policies 1. Create a framework to give direction for the purchase and improvement of strategic open space with MOSS as its key element. (a) Provide and develop quality open space for both the metropolitan and outer metropolitan areas featuring major environmental initiatives including the urban forest biodiversity 3 Million Trees program, waterway linear parks, the coast, the hills, transport corridor parkway trails and the Greater Mount Lofty Ranges Parklands (Yurrebilla). (b) Ensure that places where people can be active are available, conducive to, and safe for, that activity (eg parks, beaches, sporting facilities). (c) Design open space and recreation facilities to cater for people with special needs, including people of different cultures, ages or with disabilities. (d) Protect and improve the City of Adelaide s Parklands as a core component of the MOSS and as a showcase of world s best practice in open space planning, design, development and management. (f) Support the development of major metropolitan facilities and strategic open space for public use and capitalise on the economic opportunities they present, such as tourism, recreation and increased land values. (g) Protect scenic routes and landscapes of cultural or amenity value. (h) Ensure that the development of public and private MOSS land retains or enhances the open, natural or rural character, with buildings located and designed to blend with the surrounding environment. (i) Use private land within the MOSS for low-scale uses, such as non-intensive agriculture or lowimpact tourist facilities, so that the land use does not conflict with surrounding land uses, including conservation. (j) Ensure that open space development enhances and incorporates the surrounding environment without modifying or compromising conservation, recreation and landscape values. 39

48 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (k) Develop and maintain waterway linear parks along the River Torrens, Little Para River, Sturt River, Dry Creek, Pedlar Creek, Onkaparinga River, Port Willunga Creek, Christies Creek, Field River and Gawler River to protect environmental features and facilitate recreational walking and cycling and physical activities. 2. Ensure that biodiversity assets are protected within the overall open space framework with a focus on enhancing the MOSS. (a) Integrate and preserve biodiversity and natural habitats by using the MOSS and land obtained and/or used through other programs such as the catchment water management and coastal management programs. (b) Purchase land adjacent to waterways in areas designated within the MOSS for linear parks when the opportunity arises. (c) Ensure that open spaces in new developments maximise linkages to existing networks of open space. (d) Enhance open space linkages in built up areas by appropriate landscape treatments to adjoining road reserves and development of trails along other transport corridors. (e) Consider the establishment and development of community gardens, particularly in areas with minimal local open space. 3. Establish an attractive coastal linear park (Coast Park) from Sellicks Beach to North Haven as a part of MOSS which provides a range of recreational experiences and showcases environmental protection and improvement. (a) Promote public access to, and enjoyment of, the coast for recreation and tourism. (b) Design and locate recreation facilities to contribute to the social, economic and environmental values associated with the coast. (c) Maximise conservation and open space opportunities along the coast. (d) Protect and improve areas of significant ecological and cultural value. (e) Provide a shared-use pathway along the coast, linking coastal features, activity centres and places of interest. 4. Plan and provide a network of accessible, well-located and designed state, regional and local-level recreation and sport facilities, including facilities for informal recreation. (a) Design multifunctional recreation and sporting facilities. (b) Ensure that land is identified and reserved for the development of major recreation and sport facilities, and investigate the provision of facilities through involvement with the private development industry and major sporting bodies. (c) Design and locate recreational activities to minimise adverse impacts on fauna, flora or other features of the natural environment, while protecting areas of high natural or biodiversity value. (d) Provide a sustainable and diverse network of quality trails that enhance lifestyle, public health and environment opportunities for residents and visitors. (e) Provide a range of sporting and recreational opportunities for all ages that minimise negative impacts on the environment and local community and promote safe physical activity. Associated policy and legislation Physical Activity Strategy for South Australia Recreational Trails Strategy for South Australia Natural Resources Management Act 2004 State Natural Resources Management Plan Urban Forest Million Trees program Native Vegetation Act 40

49 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.4 Land Use and Transport Integration The transport system provides for the movement of people and goods and is an essential component of urban development and land use planning. Maximising coordination between land use and transport planning and processes plays an important role in delivering sustainable outcomes. It also serves to underpin the success of business and commerce, and hence the state s economy. An equitable transport system can reduce locational disadvantage and enable people to participate in a range of social, economic, recreational and other activities. It is therefore a critical component of social inclusion, especially for people living in the outer suburbs. Understanding and coordinating land use and transport decisions reinforces orderly urban development. This Strategy seeks to achieve a sustainable transport system which is integrated, coordinated, affordable, efficient and safe. Such a system provides choices and opportunities to improve the quality of life for present and future generations. (See Map 7) Policies 1. Integrate transport and land use planning decisions to facilitate a safe, sustainable, efficient and effective transport network. (a) Support and make best use of existing transport infrastructure and services, and protect sites of strategic importance for the future development of the transport system. (b) Require significant development proposals to include an assessment of the implications for the transport system at the local and regional levels and identify measures to address these implications. (c) Ensure that the location and design of developments protect and maintain the function of State Government-maintained roads, freight, rail and shipping routes. (d) Ensure that future transport infrastructure is incorporated in decision making when planning for local and regional urban growth and economic activity. (e) Ensure transport planning and infrastructure decisions promote development in appropriate locations and are coordinated with the staging of urban expansion as outlined in the Residential Metropolitan Development Program. 2. Facilitate transit-oriented development around selected high-service public transport routes. (a) Promote transit-oriented development and employment uses in a band of activity from the Central City Activity Centre to Port Adelaide to maximise accessibility to, and make use of, that corridor s existing transport infrastructure and services. (b) Promote transit-focused neighbourhoods along public transport routes identified on the Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework (Figure 1) and Map 7. (c) Reduce car parking requirements in transit-oriented development areas to encourage the use of public transport services. (d) Locate higher-intensity uses within walking distance of transit stops. 3. Maximise accessibility to and use of the public transport system through greater integration with land use to reduce the need for private motorised travel. (a) Incorporate the provision of public transport in planning policy preparation (for example, new suburbs or activity centres) and provide on-ground services at an early stage of development to initiate public transport patronage as the neighbourhood becomes established. (b) Locate activities that generate large numbers of visitors, such as major offices, schools, tertiary education facilities, and major health and recreational facilities, at public transport nodes and/or in activity centres. (c) Ensure development is oriented towards, and linked with, public transport nodes and that convenient and safe walking access and secure bicycle storage is provided. (d) Increase dwelling densities near major public transport routes, stations and interchange points. 41

50 Investigate the alignment of the Northern Expressway between Gawler and Port Wakefield Road Elizabeth T Potential northern intermodal freight terminal Port Adelaide T T T Modbury Extend the light rail network to North Terrace and consider other extensions to the light rail service T T T T Marion Central City Activity Centre Regional Activity Centres District Activity Centres Potential southern intermodal freight terminal Residential neighbourhood growth areas Noarlunga T Economic growth areas Rail, trams and O-Bahn Public transport go-zones Transport terminals State Government maintained roads Primary freight roads Investigate extending the Noarlunga rail corridor to Seaford, including new stations at Seaford Meadows and Seaford Secondary freight roads Airports Seaports Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary km Please note: This map is a demonstration of the foundation, Greater integration between transport planning, energy provision and land use, and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 7 Land use and transport integration Corrections November to

51 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 4. Encourage people to walk and cycle to destinations by providing suitable infrastructure and developing safe, attractive and convenient walking and cycling environments. (a) Provide a safe, strategic network of commuter and recreational links between major cycle trip destinations, such as activity centres, community facilities, public transport, parks and residential neighbourhoods. (b) Provide secure parking and change facilities for cyclists in commercial development. (c) Develop high-quality walking environments designed for the comfort, ease and safety of all users. (d) Improve opportunities for incidental exercise (particularly walking and cycling) by locating residential neighbourhoods and key services and facilities and other regularly visited destinations within walking distance of each other. 5. Facilitate an effective freight transport network which provides for more efficient freight logistics, channels heavy vehicle traffic onto designated routes, shifts more freight from road to rail, and is protected from encroachment by incompatible activities. (a) Protect access for high productivity freight vehicles to Outer Harbor and other key facilities. (b) Locate new industry in areas with access to existing and identified future freight routes, intermodal facilities, terminals and ports to maximise the use of the existing freight network and avoid the proliferation of freight routes across the metropolitan area. (c) Ensure compatible land use and development design adjacent to freight routes, intermodal facilities, terminals and ports to facilitate freight movement while minimising the impact on the community and the environment. (d) Ensure that site access for large and heavy vehicles is in appropriate locations to facilitate freight movement while minimising the impact on local communities. (e) Provide appropriate off-street parking facilities, manoeuvring areas and access for commercial and industrial development to accommodate the projected demand for goods and services vehicles. (f) Identify, protect and promote strategic rail corridors, intermodal facilities and terminals for freight rail transport and related activity. 6. Recognise the strategic importance of intermodal facilities which enable efficient freight movement, particularly through linking road, rail and sea transport. (a) Identify and protect strategic sites for potential intermodal facilities that link to existing and future transport-related industry. (b) Encourage the development of key desirable freight and intermodal facilities in suitable locations where economically viable. 7. Protect and manage airports to give priority to freight and passenger movements and ensure adjacent land uses are compatible with airport activities. (a) Protect Adelaide Airport as the principal gateway for domestic and international visitors to Adelaide and South Australia. (b) Maintain the role of Parafield Airport for aviation and aviation training and Edinburgh Airbase for defence operations. (c) Design development to minimise airport-related noise impacts, particularly within flight paths and in proximity to terminals, to maximise opportunities for increased air services. (d) Encourage aviation-related activities such as transport, logistics and storage to locate at or near airports while ensuring they do not adversely impact on aviation activities or adjacent residential areas. (e) Monitor and plan for the demand for aviation facilities, taking into account the expected growth in freight and passenger movement. (f) Confine non-airport related development at airports to a size and type that does not adversely affect or compete with designated activity centres, or constrain expansion of aviation facilities consistent with Airport Master Plans. (g) Improve alternative traffic access to airports. 43

52 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (h) Encourage efficient passenger transport services between the city and airport, bus and rail terminals. (i) Ensure building and structure heights and other controlled activities comply with the airspace requirements of Federal airports. (j) Recognise airports as Specialised Activity Precincts. 8. Protect and manage the location and function of port facilities to meet the needs of business and provide for intrastate, interstate and international export services. (a) Preserve metropolitan ports for port operations, and encourage clustering of port-related activities and industries in close proximity to reduce transport costs. (b) Facilitate the redevelopment of the state's export harbours to ensure efficient access to international markets. 9. Ensure integrated transport and land use supports quality of life outcomes. (a) Ensure that road corridors are planned to integrate land use and transport to address health and safety issues along transport routes. (b) Design and locate development adjacent transport corridors to minimise health and safety issues arising from road traffic noise and transport uses through consideration of a range of factors including distance from major transport corridors, building layout and design, the inclusion of noise attenuation measures, safe pedestrian and vehicle access points, and appropriate building ventilation. (c) Minimise the negative effects of large volumes of freight transport movements in urban areas through urban design and timing of freight movements in consultation with freight, business and community representatives. (d) Provide equitable access to a range of health services, community facilities and employment through a range of transport options. (e) Provide pedestrian and cycle corridors separate from transport routes and in coordination with the establishment of facilities in MOSS, Parklands, linear parks, and other public open spaces. Associated policy and legislation South Australia's Strategic Plan Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia Road Safety Strategy Heavy Vehicle Access Framework National Charter of Integrated Land Use and Transport Planning Transport Noise Policy Framework Public and Environmental Health Act 1987 Adelaide Railway Station Development Act 1984 Harbours and Navigation Act 1993 Highways Act 1926 Passenger Transport Act 1994 Rail Safety Act 1996 Road Traffic Act 1961 Environment Protection Act

53 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.5 Energy Efficiency Innovative approaches to energy generation, ways to reduce energy use, and design for greater energy efficiency are of growing importance to metropolitan Adelaide. Alternative/renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, waste to energy, biomass, and landfill gas must be adopted to improve environmental outcomes while still maintaining economic growth and comparative advantages. This Strategy supports: clustering of complementary industries to take advantage of energy sources the more efficient and flexible use of transport systems and infrastructure the location of industry and businesses near strategic transport and freight export corridors and terminals reduced travel distances, improved access to a choice of travel modes, including walking and cycling, and the location of residential development near to public transport routes. This Strategy also supports the improvement of energy efficiency methodology and technologies. These are being progressed by both private and public sectors and they are then formalised by inclusion into the Building Code of Australia. Policies 1. Reduce energy requirements for transportation and buildings. (a) Strategically locate export industries in locations with high proximity to freight corridors and linkages to reduce the need for transportation. (b) Ensure neighbourhoods and employment hubs have increased access to a choice of travel modes and that travel distances are reduced. (c) Promote the uptake of energy efficient design to ensure buildings are cooler in summer and warmer in winter and the use of alternative, renewable energy options such as solar thermal (electric or gas-boosted hot water systems) and photo voltaics into housing, and commercial building designs and development. (d) Ensure that the development industry adopts designs to optimise the use of photovoltaic energy technology in new subdivisions and buildings. 2. Increase opportunities for development of alternative energy generation facilities in appropriate locations in urban areas. (a) Encourage development of alternative/renewable energy facilities such as waste to energy, biomass, landfill gas, solar and wind energy particularly associated with clusters of high energy use industries that are able to take advantage of these energy supplies. (b) Locate energy-generating infrastructure to avoid impacts on sensitive land uses such as residential development. 3. Increase efficiency of use of available energy infrastructure. (a) Encourage urban regeneration programs and higher density developments in urban areas with infrastructure that has spare capacity. (b) Focus high-energy uses, such as manufacturing industries, as close as possible to electricity and gas network infrastructure with sufficient spare capacity. (c) Identify future corridors for energy transmission infrastructure augmentation. 45

54 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Associated policy and legislation The Energy Efficiency Action Plan National Greenhouse Strategy SA Green House Strategy Building Code of Australia Council Development Plans State Infrastructure Plan South Australia's Strategic Plan State NRM Plan National Greenhouse Strategy Planning Bulletin Wind Farms Building Code of Australia Development Act 1993 Public and Environmental Health Act 1987 Electricity Act 1996 Gas Act 1997 Petroleum Act

55 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.6 Integrated Waste Management The State Government is committed to sustainable waste management systems based upon the Waste Management Hierarchy of most preferred practice to least preferred, as follows: avoid the production of waste minimise the production of waste re-use waste recycle waste recover energy and other resources from waste treat waste to reduce potentially degrading impacts dispose of waste in an environmentally friendly way. SA has a target of zero waste minimising waste while maximising the highest resource value from the waste stream. This involves a reduced reliance on landfill and disposal and more resource recovery and re-use. Facilities and businesses clustered together can provide coordinated waste re-use and production inputs increase efficiencies, incentives and economic returns and provide opportunities for new products and markets. Businesses recovering organic, paper, textiles, plastics, glass and demolition waste are already established. A regional framework for waste management encourages increased efficiencies in recycling through co-location of businesses dealing with different materials and parts of the waste stream and facilities/infrastructure for waste water recycling and management. The adoption of new best practice and technologies is encouraged at waste facilities to improve processes and economic recovery and treatment of waste. Design of new buildings includes more flexible environmentally friendly construction methods and materials that enables adaptive re-use or more efficient demolition and recycling of separate components. Policies 1. Develop waste treatment and resource recovery facilities at strategic locations to optimise opportunities for re-use and recycling of waste in accordance with the Waste Management Hierarchy. (a) Identify strategic locations for waste management facilities and sites for future facilities and ensure that offsite impacts and issues at the interface are managed to avoid adverse impacts on or by adjacent uses. (b) Plan for and develop a range of waste processing facilities. (c) Ensure that infrastructure and systems are developed and sites located for the management of residual and hazardous waste. 2. Gain the highest resource value from the waste stream. (a) Cluster, co-locate and rationalise facilities and businesses and create strategic hubs to assist in development of new markets and products for recycled materials and encourage the use of landfill gas and waste as energy sources. (b) Encourage organic waste processing facilities to reduce the volume disposed to landfill. 3. Ensure urban design and buildings incorporate appropriate space, facilities, access and construction methods to manage waste in accordance with the Waste Management Hierarchy. 47

56 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (a) Develop best practice designs for dwellings and neighbourhoods to ensure that waste can be reduced, recovered and recycled. (b) Identify opportunities to further develop facilities, businesses and markets for recovery and recycling of building demolition waste. 4. Ensure waste management facilities incorporate best practice technologies and processes to avoid impacts on sensitive land uses and minimise nuisance. (a) Monitor waste resource recovery and transfer, residual and hazardous waste facilities and water protection areas. (b) Create opportunities to treat wastewater for reuse and/ or safe disposal. Associated policy and legislation Zero Waste SA Act 2004 South Australia's Waste Strategy ( ) Draft Environment Protection (Waste to Resources) Policy 48

57 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.7 Coastal, Estuarine and Marine Environments This topic provides direction for development that affects coastal, estuarine or marine environments including coastal development, infrastructure, community facilities and recreation, shipping, recreational boating, and general coastal management practices. Coastal land is highly sought after and the demand for increased coastal development is evident by major increases in coastal property values and building and land division activity. In fact coastal areas have become the preferred residential locations for Australians, with a quarter of all population increases in Australian cities being accommodated within 3km of the coast. These coastal areas are also highly desirable destinations for tourists, holidaymakers and day-trippers. This places the environment under significant pressure from potential threatening consequences of development including loss of habitats (mangrove, seagrass, saltmarsh), wastewater and stormwater discharge, the introduction of pest species, altered hydrological regimes, industrial waste, the use of off-road vehicles, boats and vegetation clearance. The State Government has made a commitment to integrating the management of the marine environment, coastal areas and estuaries through a Marine Planning Framework and a system of Marine Protected Areas, which has included analysis of the Gulf St Vincent waters. The Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary has been established and the legislation includes the requirement for a management plan for the Barker Inlet and Port Estuary environs. The Adelaide metropolitan coast also contains a number of significant intertidal and subtidal areas, which are currently marine protected areas under the Fisheries Act Additional locations for future marine protected areas will be identified. Fishing and boating activities come under the jurisdiction of the Fisheries Act 1982 and Harbours and Navigation Act 1993 respectively. Policies 1. Maintain public access to the coast and waterways. (a) Maintain existing public access to the coast and waterways, including through new waterfront development projects, while protecting conservation and cultural values. 2. Protect coastal, estuarine and marine habitats such as sand dunes, mangroves, seagrass and saltmarsh (a) Develop planning policy in accordance with Natural Resource Management Plans and relevant policies of the Marine Plans under the Marine Planning Framework and under the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act 2005 to minimise land-based impacts on marine, coastal and estuarine habitats. (b) Maintain natural drainage patterns, water quality and biodiversity within and adjacent to estuaries, coastal wetlands and waterways, taking into account environmental flow requirements. (c) Ensure the appropriate zoning of coastal areas to protect sensitive features such as coastal dunes, coastal wetlands, samphire (tidal saltmarsh), estuaries and mangrove areas. (d) Provide for the retreat of mangrove and samphire communities in response to predicted sea level rise and land subsidence to sustain the overall marine and estuarine environment and commercial fisheries. (e) Locate development away from areas where it is likely to create or aggravate coastal erosion or where coast protection works are required, including sand dunes or areas close to soft, erodable coastal cliffs. (f) Conserve, protect and rehabilitate marine, estuarine and coastal biodiversity (including species of conservation significance and ecological processes); habitats; key spawning, breeding and nursery areas; and key feeding and resting areas, including those used by migratory species. 49

58 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 3. Minimise the discharge of stormwater, pollution and nutrients to coastal and marine environments. (a) Ensure that land division development incorporates on-site, and, where applicable (for example, at subdivision level), off-site stormwater management systems to improve the quality and quantity of stormwater entering watercourses, coastal and marine environments. (b) Minimise point source and diffuse pollution impacting on coastal and marine environments by incorporating measures such as swales, gross pollutant traps, trash racks, sedimentation ponds and on-site bunding. (c) Control on-site waste to ensure that discharge of water from land and marine-based activities does not cause pollution or pose a threat to biological systems. 4. Ensure development avoids, prevents and/or reduces coastal hazards such as flooding, erosion and acid sulphate soils. (a) Avoid placing coastal development at risk from seawater flooding (including the risk associated with sea level rise, land subsidence and storm surge) through the following measures (in order of preference): - the location of development - building construction and design techniques - infrastructure works and the alteration of land levels. (b) Ensure that land subject to coastal hazards, such as flooding, sand drift and erosion, where there are no provisions in place to resolve the deficiency (such as a Council-managed sea wall levee bank or other strategy to protect the area at risk), is suitably zoned to ensure that development is not at risk. (c) Provide a separation zone of sufficient width (as determined in consultation with the Coast Protection Board) to separate new development from the foreshore and wetlands and accommodate long-term physical coastal processes. (d) Avoid development that results in the generation of acid conditions and mobilisation of metals due to the exposure or draining of actual acid sulphate soils or potential acid sulphate soils. (e) Ensure that coast protection measures such as erosion buffer areas, sea walls and levee banks are suitably zoned to ensure that development is not at risk. 5. Minimise the adverse impacts of development on coastal, marine and estuarine environments. (a) Consolidate development in areas that have already been cleared or disturbed, away from high conservation or recreational values, and near existing infrastructure and consistent with desired character of the areas. (b) Ensure that: - roads and bridges are constructed to minimise habitat loss and changes in sediment transport, do not cause erosion problems, and maintain natural tidal exchange or water movement - aquaculture development complies with the nationally endorsed ecologically sustainable development framework, utilising the licence assessment process to inform the planning decision - aquaculture and marina developments do not occur in areas with high social, cultural, aesthetic or environmental values where such development would significantly detract from these values or the community s appreciation of the marine environment - planning policy is aimed at protecting the coastline and estuaries and is considered ahead of meeting market demand, particularly where there is pressure to intensify urban uses along the coast. (c) Provide appropriate waste reception facilities for marina and/or port developments, including appropriate techniques for the discharge of ballast and bilge water. 6. Protect and enhance the scenic amenity and cultural values of marine, coastal and estuarine areas, including maritime heritage protection. (a) Protect heritage and sites of Aboriginal heritage significance associated with the marine, estuarine and coastal environment. 50

59 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies (b) Protect shipwrecks and relics of historic, technical, social, archaeological, scientific and interpretive significance. (c) Promote, restore or improve the quality of maritime heritage to create tourism opportunities. (d) Identify and protect high-quality coastal landscapes when viewed from vantage points such as the sea, headlands, ridgelines, scenic routes and pathways, and public recreation areas (e.g. address the location, height, material and colour of buildings). Associated policy and legislation Coast Protection Act Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 Fisheries Act (Aquatic Reserves) 1982 Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act 2005 Natural Resources Management Act 2004 State Natural Resources Management Plan National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 Aquaculture Act 2001 Our Seas and Coasts: A marine and estuarine strategy for South Australia (1998) The Living Coast Strategy for South Australia 2004 Marine Plans and Marine Protected Areas Coast Protection Board Policy Document 2004 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially for Waterfowl (Ramsar) Strategic Plan of Action for the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas: A Guide for Action by Australian Governments 51

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61 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.8 Adelaide s Hills Face This topic provides direction for development within the higher elevations of the western face of the Mount Lofty Ranges, stretching from Gawler in the north to Sellicks in the south. Since the late 1960s this area has been protected as a natural landscape backdrop to the metropolitan area through its inclusion within the Hills Face Zone. The Hills Face Zone comprises areas, both visible and hidden from the Adelaide Plains, which form part of the buffer between the urban districts, and prevent the urban area extending into the western slopes of the ranges. Policies 1. Protect the physical and cultural importance of the Hills Face Zone. (a) Ensure that the Hills Face Zone continues to be a defining feature of Adelaide which provides a backdrop to the plains and the whole metropolitan area. (b) Ensure that the natural and rural landscape is protected and enhanced. (c) Allow for uses which contribute to the conservation of the zone s role as a landscape backdrop and as an area of significant biodiversity. 2. Protect the environmental importance of the Hills Face Zone. (a) Protect the zone as a significant and predominantly natural landscape, the biodiversity value of which is maintained and enhanced for future generations. (b) Protect the remnant native vegetation of biodiversity value and native flora and fauna species of conservation significance through coordinated management and conservation programs. (c) Protect water catchments supporting water-dependent ecosystems and providing water for human use. 3. Recognise the recreational and tourism importance of the Hills Face Zone. (a) Facilitate a range of complementary recreational and tourism opportunities, including scenic drives, walking trails, lookouts over city and coastal views, recreation and national parks. 4. Recognise the economic and productive importance of the Hills Face Zone. (a) Protect existing horticultural production and facilitate its future operation, with a focus on bestpractice land management techniques that protect the visual and biodiversity values of the zone. (b) Allow for, in designated areas, economic rural land uses such as agriculture which contribute to the landscape qualities of the area. (c) Ensure the appropriate management of mineral resources (including extension of existing mines and quarries) minimises impacts on the character, amenity and biodiversity value of the zone, including restoration works after extraction. 5. Recognise that while the Hills Face Zone is not a residential zone it accommodates both rural and urban residential development. (a) Protect the integrity of the zone by preventing the division of land. (b) Ensure good design principles covering siting, form, bulk/building footprint, colour, materials, minimal cut and fill of land and retention of native vegetation, for new residential development and extensions in existing urban subdivisions and rural allotments are enforced. 53

62 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 6. Strengthen an integrated and sustainable management approach to the Hills Face Zone. (a) Ensure that development within the zone does not further compromise the habitat value, or biodiversity value of the area. (b) Ensure planning policies support the objective to protect biodiversity and water resources and to manage bushfire risk. (c) Recognise the regional differences across the zone, while maintaining whole-of-zone objectives. (d) Recognise the need for greater cooperation between the State Government and Councils in the administration of the zone, including sharing of resources and consistency in decision-making. (e) Reinforce the importance of the zone as the largest part of the metropolitan open space network integrating appropriate MOSS policies. (f) Reinforce and protect the integrity of the zone by ensuring that the design of development on immediately adjacent allotments supports the objectives of the zone. Associated policy and legislation Adelaide Mount Lofty Ranges Regional Natural Resources Management Plan SA Animal and Plant Control (Agricultural Protection and Other Purposes) Act 1986 Country Fires Act 1989 Hills Face Zone Review 2004 State Natural Resources Management Plan

63 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.9 Culture, Heritage and the Arts This Strategy supports: the incorporation of culture, heritage and arts considerations into all aspects of the planning and development process the strengthening of processes, policies and procedures to reinforce, protect and conserve areas, sites and places of heritage and cultural value and improved identification and listing of local heritage places the development of partnerships and agreements between Local Government and traditional Aboriginal owners to increase cultural awareness of their continued connection to the land and significance of Dreaming sites, and protect items and remains during development processes. the early identification in the development process of opportunities to locate public art works in public places and development of clusters of arts and cultural activities and businesses throughout the metropolitan area to stimulate innovation and economic growth and attract and retain population partnerships and public participation processes to create neighbourhoods that engender a sense of identity and help create stronger, more cohesive and culturally diverse communities. Policies 1. Strengthen and reinforce processes and adopt policies and procedures that protect and conserve places and areas of heritage and cultural value. (a) Ensure Aboriginal cultural heritage is identified and protected. (b) Develop partnerships between Aboriginal traditional owners, State and Local governments and ensure that they are consulted during planning processes. (c) Ensure local heritage places and areas of heritage value are identified and incorporated into planning policy. 2. Enhance opportunities to incorporate culture and the arts as part of developing projects and high quality sustainable urban design. (a) Identify and develop areas and facilities for clustering cultural and arts activities with associated complementary development such as restaurants and accommodation. (b) Nurture expression of the arts in development by involving art practitioners at the outset of project development, in urban regeneration and public works projects. Associated policy and legislation Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 Native Title Act 1993 Heritage Act 1993 Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 Heritage Directions A Future for Built Heritage in South Australia 55

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65 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.10 Education Facilities This Strategy aims to develop high-quality facilities serving the education, care and lifelong learning needs of the population in a manner that ensures the delivery of equitable educational and care outcomes that enable all people to develop their talents and potential for personal and societal advantage. This topic provides direction on the development of childcare and pre-school facilities; primary and secondary schools (public and private); universities and TAFE colleges; community learning centres; and facilities for training, professional development and adult education. Educational facilities need to be provided at the right time in the right place to serve the local and metropolitan community. The Residential Metropolitan Development Program (appended) will assist this by sequencing the release of land for residential development based on its proximity to infrastructure, which includes educational and care facilities. Education is also a significant employer and source of economic generation. Strengthening Adelaide s role as a centre of excellence in education and care by providing high-quality education services will draw students from overseas, and boost the education industry, the economy and the vibrancy of the city. Policies 1. Provide access to a range of education and care facilities that provide lifelong learning opportunities in suitable locations. (a) Ensure access to lifelong learning through a range of different styles and types of education and care facilities and services. (b) Provide and locate education and care facilities to support and encourage the education and training of youth, Indigenous people, the disabled and those who are socially disadvantaged. 2. Locate education and care facilities so that access to them is equitable and convenient and maximises the use of community resources. (a) Integrate and co-locate education and care facilities with other community facilities to maximise the use of resources and develop relationships between activities. (b) Provide specialised education and care training facilities in locations matched to local employment opportunities and/or the likely catchment for such facilities. (c) Locate schools, community and adult learning facilities in or near neighbourhood and district activity centres to allow safe and convenient access by walking, wheelchair, cycling and public transport, and to minimise the need for private vehicles. (d) Optimise the use of new information and communication technologies to enhance delivery and accessibility of learning across the community. 3. Strengthen Adelaide s role as a centre of education excellence that attracts and accommodates the needs of international students. (a) Promote research and development facilities, particularly those associated with other complementary or symbiotic educational facilities and business clusters. (b) Ensure that education facilities and services targeted to external markets recognise cultural diversity by providing a range of services and facilities to support overseas students, including student accommodation. 4. Ensure education and care facilities and services demonstrate sustainable practice. (a) Encourage education sites to undertake coordinated sustainable resource use, re-use and disposal in a manner that incorporates student and local community learning and engagement. (b) Encourage adaptable, multifunctional facilities to maximise the use of resources. 57

66 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 5. Ensure that education and care facilities and services are adaptable and responsive to changing needs and methods of service delivery and match the changing nature of the demographic cycle. (a) Provide facilities that allow for flexible service delivery and multipurpose use in response to predicted demographic changes. (b) Ensure that changes to the location and operation of education and care facilities do not result in social and/or cultural disadvantage. (c) Improve and create new education and care facilities through major urban regeneration programs in partnership with State and Local governments and private developers. 58

67 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.11 Health and Community Services This topic provides direction on the provision of a range of health and community services and facilities such as hospitals, primary care and community care centres, and the creation of healthy living environments that support and encourage physically and socially active and participating communities. The provision of the services will be guided by regional service planning consistent with health and child protection reform. Policies 1. Create living environments with services and facilities to support healthy lifestyles and active communities. (a) Support the physical, mental and social health of individuals and communities by ensuring good access to a range of education facilities, employment and training, affordable housing, social services, health centres and hospital facilities. (b) Encourage active lifestyles by providing a range of open space and recreation facilities within neighbourhoods and through the design of neighbourhoods to encourage walking and cycling to local activities. (c) Manage the interface areas between living environments and other uses such as industry, arterial roads and primary industry, to minimise any adverse health impacts on the community. 2. Match location and delivery of health and community services and facilities with the needs of the community. (a) Locate health and community services and facilities to ensure equitable access by identifying areas lacking services or those with greater need and building collaborative arrangements to provide these facilities and services. (b) Encourage the location of health and related services and facilities in or adjacent to activity centres and co-locate these with community facilities, hospitals, health centres and schools, where there is good access to the public transport network. Encourage the development of a complementary mix of uses at existing large facilities. (c) Encourage development of new large, single-use health facilities in or adjacent to activity centres. (d) Encourage a variety of housing options in locations within easy access to activity centres that make it possible for the aged and those with disabilities to live independently. (e) Plan for future health and community services and facilities to be adaptable to different forms of use and in a manner that promotes social justice, integration of services with community facilities, cost-effectiveness, and consumer engagement. (f) Improve community access and delivery of health and community services and facilities, particularly in areas with disadvantaged communities. Associated policy and legislation Child Protection Reform SA Health Reform South Australian Physical Activity Strategy Public and Environmental Health Act 1987 Development Act

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69 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.12 Hazard Avoidance, Minimisation and Management This topic addresses a range of hazards that have the potential to render land unsuitable for living, unable to be developed or unproductive; and/or which can cause loss or harm to the community and to the environment. While natural hazards are often unpredictable in terms of their intensity, frequency and location, general predictions can be made based on past records, existing trends, or a location s characteristics. Bushfires The social, economic and environmental effects of bushfires can be exacerbated by several factors including high fuel loads; topography, weather patterns, variation in vegetation types and land use; asset value; and a high resident population. In particular a growing residential population can increase pressures to intensify development in areas of risk. Flooding Flooding is a whole-of-catchment issue, with changes or intensification of land use upstream or alteration of flow downstream (levee banks or channel engineering) having the potential to alter flood patterns and increase flood risk. The extent of damage depends upon floodplain management, including the intensity and location of urban development, infrastructure capacities, community behaviour, and environmental management. Within floodplains it is important to identify areas of high and low flood hazard to determine the degree of risk associated with different land uses. Coastal erosion, storm surge and sea level rise The coastal environment is particularly susceptible to erosion, inundation of low lying areas, land instability, and storm surge. Sea level rise is likely to exacerbate these problems and is already occurring within South Australia at a rate of 0.33mm per annum and is calculated to increase to 0.3m rise to 2050 and a further 0.7m rise to This is likely to increase the frequency and extent of seawater flooding, which will have a detrimental impact on habitat distribution, agriculture, coastal buildings and infrastructure. Acid sulphate soils Acid sulphate soils are naturally occurring soils that contain iron sulphide. They are usually inert if left undisturbed. Problems arise however, when these sulphides are disturbed and come into contact with the oxygen in the air, as they release sulphuric acid. The sulphuric acid which forms is toxic and can be lethal or harmful to fish and plants; can cause loss of grazing and cropping land; contaminate water; and corrode concrete and steel in buildings. Erosion, waterlogging and salinity Erosion is a natural process that can be initiated and accelerated by human activities, especially through the removal of vegetation and soil disturbance. Soil erosion and sedimentation may also lead to degradation of land and waterways through the passage of sediments into watercourses. Salinity results from complex interactions between a variety of processes such as historical salt loads, climate, landform, and groundwater hydrology. Increasing salinity is one of the most crucial environmental problems facing Australia. While salt is naturally present in many landscapes, farming practices such as irrigation and replacing native vegetation with shallow-rooted crops and pastures have caused a marked increase in the salinity of land and water resources. In addition, rising water tables due to changes in catchment water balance can lead to waterlogging and salinity if salts are brought to the surface. 61

70 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Pollution and Site Contamination Pollution, whether it is water, air, noise or site contamination, can adversely affect people s quality of life and health and substantially reduce the development potential of land. Terrorism The design of our towns and cities should consider both safety and security issues. While it is important to incorporate these considerations into land use planning it must be done so that people can still actively and fully participate in society. Policies 1. Minimise risk of flood damage to persons and property. (a) Prevent development that would impede the flow of flood waters or elevate the risk of flooding to adjoining properties within flood risk areas. (b) Reduce the chance of potential flood hazard where development exists within a floodplain, including hazards associated with damage to property and risk to public health and safety. 2. Ensure development policies include all relevant bushfire management and prevention policies. 3. Ensure that development does not mobilise, and is protected from, acid sulphate soils. 4. Ensure that existing development is protected from the possible effects of acid sulphate soils. 5. Ensure coastal development is located or designed to avoid flood risks associated with coastal erosion, sea level rise, land subsidence and storm surge. 6. Protect land and groundwater from site contamination and encourage the progressive remediation of contaminated land where a risk to human health or the environment exists. (a) Ensure that all persons undertaking any potentially contaminating land use/activity, and all land owners and occupiers, take all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent the contamination of land and water resources. (b) Ensure that all planning authorities retain and/or develop a list of sites known to have a history of use that may result in site contamination. 7. Improve environmental conditions and amenity in metropolitan Adelaide, particularly adjacent to primary freight routes and large industrial precincts. (a) Introduce measures such as performance standards to address air and noise pollution, stormwater management, dangerous goods handling, and the storage, treatment and disposal of waste and sewage. 8. Consider how to incorporate counter-terrorism measures when designing public places, buildings and spaces without sacrificing function or attractiveness. Associated Policies and Legislation National Greenhouse Strategy Coastal Erosion, Flooding and Sea Level Rise Standards and Protection Policy 62

71 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies Risk Mapping of Coastal Acid Sulphate Soils South Australian Dryland Salinity Strategy Coast Protection Act 1972 Country Fires Act 1989 Native Vegetation Act 1991 Public and Environmental Health Act 1987 Soil Conservation and Land Care Act 1989 Environmental Protection Act AS/NZS 4360 Risk Management Draft SA Flood and Flood Plain Management Strategy Natural Resources Management Act 2004 State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan

72 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide RESIDENTIAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 3.13 The Central City Activity Centre 3.14 Activity Centres 3.15 Residential Neighbourhoods and Housing 3.16 Townships 3.17 Urban Design 3.18 Urban Regeneration 64

73 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.13 The Central City Activity Centre This topic provides direction on development within the City of Adelaide, including the Parklands, the residential districts and the Central Business Area (Map 8). The policies reinforce the Central City Activity Centre as the pre-eminent hub of business, retail, cultural, education, visitor accommodation and government activity in South Australia. A growing, vibrant and dynamic Central City Activity Centre will deliver significant social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits for the wider metropolitan and state community by supporting urban containment strategies; fostering housing choice; improving access to services and jobs; providing services to support economic growth; and promoting innovative environmental management technologies. The City must build on its existing strengths including: its educational strengths, which will help develop the skills base of the state and enable Adelaide to compete successfully in the global economy, and develop education as an important export industry its role in growing new enterprises and services based on the possibilities generated by information technology and on the creative capabilities of the arts and cultural sectors its role as the base for most overseas visitors to South Australia and its importance as a showcase for the strengths of Adelaide and the state its importance as a meeting place for the people of metropolitan Adelaide and its strengths for hosting and combining, conventions and events its distinctive character, style, heritage and environmental quality. Policies 1. Reinforce the primary role of the Central City Activity Centre within the Activity Centres Hierarchy for Adelaide and South Australia. (a) Promote a growing and vibrant Central City Activity Centre as the major focus of the state s political, institutional, business, retail and administrative facilities, which accommodates a diverse and intense range of uses. (b) Undertake further major improvements to public spaces in the River Bank and North Terrace precincts to strengthen the economic, social, cultural, educational and public transport function of these areas. (c) Protect and strengthen the key aspects which contribute to the identity of the city, such as the Parklands and squares, built heritage and unique townscapes, cultural institutions and major events and festivals. (d) Ensure that planning policies and controls maximise the development potential of the Central City Activity Centre, allowing delivery of a balanced and integrated range of jobs, housing and services. 2. Maximise the growth of the Central City Activity Centre as the pre-eminent focus of business and employment within the metropolitan area. (a) Focus development of new offices for metropolitan-wide activities and other high employmentgenerating activities within the Central City Activity Centre, particularly in transit-focused locations to promote the use of public transport. (b) Provide for the growth of new enterprises and services based on the possibilities generated by information technology and on the creative capabilities of the arts, cultural and educational sectors. (c) Ensure the Central City Activity Centre remains the principal focus of higher-order office activities. 65

74 Enhance major gateway opportunities at key entry points to the Central City Activity Centre. Identify opportunities to return alienated areas to parklands use. Investigate opportunities for water management in Parklands. Rail Adelaide Railway Station T Franklin Street Bus Station T Continue to improve the amenity of the city entry point from the airport Keswick Rail Terminal T Tram Central Business Area Predominantly residential North Terrace/River Bank precinct Mixed Uses Potential parklands recreational trail Main street T Parklands and reserves High service transit route Main retail areas Rail Yard City Ring Route Passenger Transport Terminal m Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 8 Central City Activity Centre Corrections November to

75 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies (d) Retain State Government-owned office accommodation in the Central City Activity Centre, particularly where it adjoins well-serviced public transport routes. (e) Provide government office accommodation outside the Central City Activity Centre only where more localised service delivery to the public or closer linkages with other government operations already outside the Central City Activity Centre, can be justified. (f) Where the location of State Government office space in the suburbs can be justified, locate it in regional centres, particularly Noarlunga and Elizabeth. (g) Manage development of other activity clusters to ensure that the Central City Activity Centre maintains its status as the primary activity focus for the metropolitan area and the state. 3. Maximise the provision of a diverse range of housing within the Central City Activity Centre which accommodates strong population growth, varying levels of housing affordability, and different lifestyles and social needs. (a) Maximise the potential of the Central City Activity Centre for housing and visitor accommodation, assimilated with employment and other activities in integrated mixed-use, highdensity urban environments. (b) Maximise the urban growth potential of under-developed areas in the central west and central east precincts. (c) Facilitate the development of a range of types of housing, catering for different demands, in close proximity to major education, health and employment nodes. (d) Support the Adelaide City Council s investment in affordable housing initiatives. 4. Reinforce the primacy of the Central City Activity Centre for retailing by providing for a range of retail and other services to meet the needs of the residents, workers, students and visitors in the city. (a) Distinguish the Rundle Mall Precinct as the retail heart of Adelaide by maximising accessibility for all transport modes, increasing retail choices and improving the shopping environment and experience. (b) Provide a range of tourist accommodation and leisure facilities within the precincts around the Rundle Mall to reinforce its retail and tourist role. (c) Strengthen the vitality of the Central City Activity Centre by providing active street frontages, stimulating after-hours activity and services that meet the needs of local workers, visitors and residents. (d) Ensure that ground floor levels in the Central Business Area are predominantly for retail and commercial purposes and maintain prime retail frontages. (e) Provide an orderly metropolitan hierarchy of activity centres ensuring that the city retains the primary focus. (f) Reinforce other retail and commercial clusters within the Central City Activity Centre. 5. Enhance O Connell Street, Melbourne Street, Hutt Street as mainstreets providing shopping, community and visitor facilities, and Gouger Street Central Market area as a community focus for residents in the south west of the city and a showcase for state produce. 6. Reinforce the tourism gateway role of the Central City Activity Centre by building upon its unique qualities and features. (a) Enhance the city environment and support the development and expansion of specialised facilities such as convention, accommodation, restaurant and entertainment facilities to improve the visitor experience. (b) Provide safe, convenient and pleasant public transport links between tourist destinations. (c) Encourage visitors to spend more time in the Central City Activity Centre by creating a diverse, safe and lively city which will attract people to stay. 7. Reinforce the Central City Activity Centre as the main centre of excellence for health and education and build upon this to improve research and development and attract investment in innovation. 67

76 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (a) Attract additional international and interstate students to institutional learning in the Central City Activity Centre. (b) Ensure students in the Central City Activity Centre are provided with a quality range of infrastructure and support services, including suitable accommodation, pastoral care and health services. 8. Reinforce the distinctive cultural and heritage elements of the Central City Activity Centre, including the Parklands and create a distinctive and beautiful city. (a) Ensure that development in the city respects the historic layout and special qualities of Colonel William Light s plan for the city, in particular through built form which reinforces the unique pattern of streets, lanes, squares and Parklands. (b) Invest in quality design to ensure that government-funded or government-occupied buildings and projects are of exemplary design and quality. (c) Identify and protect the city s heritage buildings and the distinctive character of particular locations. (d) Protect the Parklands for key recreation, and cultural activities and as a contrast to the urban form of the city. (e) Identify opportunities to return land to Parklands. (f) More effectively manage water resources to provide benefits to downstream infrastructure, users of the Parklands and the environment. 9. Maximise accessibility to and within the Central City Activity Centre via all transport modes and make it a better city for walking, cycling and using public transport. (a) Maintain and improve the strong public transport focus in the city through the provision of safe and convenient passenger facilities and the development of interchanges between the trains, buses, trams and pedestrian facilities. (b) Improve pedestrian and cyclist safety, and access to and within the city, to encourage people to walk and cycle. (c) As part of a coherent metropolitan-wide policy, encourage traffic management and car-parking strategies in the Central Business Area which support and enhance the viability of public transport. (d) Prioritise the provision of convenient car parking for visitors, such as shoppers, business clients and tourists through the promotion of short-term parking. (e) Encourage high activity-generating uses to locate near frequently serviced public transport routes in the Central City Activity Centre to encourage greater use of public transport. (f) Reduce the level of unnecessary through traffic in the Central City Activity Centre. 10. Improve the accessibility and pedestrian movement of the Central City Activity Centre through improved design and management. (a) Encourage development which promotes ease-of-use and pedestrian accessibility. (b) Improve safety and security within the Central City Activity Centre by ensuring that development of public and private spaces is consistent with the principles of crime prevention through environmental design. (c) Encourage mixed-use, high-density development which reduces or eliminates reliance on private vehicle transport to access housing, jobs and services. (d) Revitalise and redevelop obsolete or under-used sites in the Central City Activity Centre to create a more attractive and secure pedestrian environment. 68

77 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.14 Activity Centres Adelaide s urban areas require a range of activity centres for economic growth, service delivery and social activities. This Strategy promotes the development of multifunctional, transit-focused centres to contain both traditional retail and commercial uses as well as a diverse range of other functions, including community facilities, offices and residential development. The development of centres with a wide array of functions can have significant advantages. It: enhances the viability and vitality of the centres enables a more efficient and equitable use of resources and infrastructure assists government to focus the delivery of key community services develops more vibrant and diverse urban environments creates more opportunities to live and work more closely achieves environmental objectives through the reduction of private vehicle travel and energy use enables the shared use of facilities such as car parking where use peaks at different times. The Activity Centres Hierarchy (refer to Map 9 and Table 3) describes this strong focus on a complementary mix of uses. Although these activity centres are described in a hierarchy of importance, in fact they are a continuum of size and function. The size of centres should be relative to their function, the availability of land, and the objectives of containing sprawl, promoting ease of pedestrian movement and improving linkages with public transport. Marion and Modbury regional activity centres have already grown substantially as a result of retail investment. Elizabeth and Noarlunga centres contain opportunity for further investment in activities supporting economic growth, regional employment and service provision. Creating the right mix of uses can also extend activity after hours, making the centres more interesting, safe and active. Encouraging a mix of uses, including developing multiple uses within a single building, either vertically or horizontally, can produce a range of benefits to the community and the environment. The mix will depend on existing uses and desired character and will vary with location. Policy should ensure that the mixing of uses in activity centres enables existing activities to continue. Activity centres play a key role in providing goods and services, employment and a cultural focus for the community, particularly those centres within residential neighbourhoods. The Metropolitan Spatial Plan identifies where new local or neighbourhood activity centres could be located in the future, recognising their importance in reducing car-dependency for daily and weekly needs. The locations for these potential centres are indicative only and require local investigation. Appropriate planning should be undertaken for activity centres. Structure and management plans need to be prepared for these centres to strengthen their overall function and operation and to ensure that they are satisfactorily integrated with surrounding uses and the transport network. 69

78 Focus regional services and employment in the north on Elizabeth Regional Activity Centre. Elizabeth RANGES Port Adelaide Modbury Encourage low to medium density housing development within walking distance of activity centres in potential coastal growth areas. Support the Central City Activity Centre as the principal focus for the business, social, cultural and political life of the state. Adelaide LOFTY LOFTY Focus regional services and employment in the south on Noarlunga Regional Activity Centre. Marion Central City Activity Centre Regional Activity Centres District Activity Centres Potential new local or neighbourhood activity centres with a transit focus Potential coastal growth areas Noarlunga MOUNT MOUNT Identify opportunities for medium-high density housing development in and around regional and district activity centres. Locate retailing in designated centres. Integrate and centrally locate public transport and interchanges into activity centres development. Revitalise and strengthen local and neighbourhood activity centres. State Government maintained roads Strategic road network Suburban Rail, trams and O-Bahn Rail stations Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 9 Activity centres hierarchy Corrections November to

79 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies Role Mix of uses Commercial including retail Residential Access Catchment Table 3: Activity Centres Hierarchy Central City Activity Centre (see also the Central City Activity Centre topic) The primary hub for South Australia and the Adelaide metropolitan area of business and government, providing employment opportunities, tourist destinations and a comprehensive range of services and facilities, including public transport, recreation and entertainment Major employment, retail, commercial, administrative, entertainment, education, health, cultural, tourism, recreational facilities, open space and housing Offices, particularly head offices, business and government, banks, finance, business services and media, consulting rooms, service trade premises, personal services establishments, petrol filling stations, hotels, motor repair stations, tourism facilities, visitor accommodation, recreation and entertainment facilities (including theatres and cinemas), department stores, major supermarkets, major specialised retail stores, specialty goods, retail showrooms and bulky goods retail outlets, cafes and restaurants Medium to high density housing, and innovative housing such as business/shop top housing configured in relevant areas in a main street format, student accommodation Central node for public transport and radial road network Whole metropolitan area Role Mix of uses Commercial including retail Residential Access Regional Activity Centre The main centres outside the City of Adelaide, serving their surrounding region Major employment, retail, commercial, administrative, entertainment, education, health, civic, recreational facilities, open space and housing Major offices of business and regional offices of government, local government offices, banks, consulting rooms, service trade premises, personal services establishments, petrol filling stations, motor repair stations, hotels, taverns, and recreation and entertainment facilities (including cinemas and theatres), major department stores and supermarkets, major specialised retail stores, retail showrooms, bulky goods retail outlets, cafes and restaurants Medium to high density housing up to 800m around the activity centre and innovative housing such as business/shop top housing within the activity centre configured in a main street format Multiple public transport routes, public transport interchange, cycling and walking Role Mix of uses Commercial including retail Residential Access District Activity Centre To serve the surrounding district and provide a range of convenience and comparison goods and services as well as a range of other community services and facilities Multi-purpose and major employment centres with a wide but not complete range of retail, commercial, administrative, entertainment, recreational facilities and housing Small to medium sized offices particularly providing services to the district, banks, consulting rooms, personal services establishments, service trade premises, petrol filling stations, motor repair stations, hotels, taverns, recreation and entertainment facilities (including cinemas and theatres), mini-major department stores and supermarkets, specialty shops, retail showrooms, convenience stores, bulky goods retail outlets, cafes and restaurants Medium to high density housing types up to 400m walking distance around the activity centre and business/shop top housing within the activity centre Adjacent to major public transport routes and primary roads, cycling and walking 71

80 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Role Mix of uses Commercial including retail Residential Access Neighbourhood Activity Centre To serve the surrounding neighbourhood and incorporate a mix of uses, goods, services and community facilities serving the daily to weekly needs of the neighbourhood in locations that minimise the need for people to travel. They should provide convenience goods as well as a limited range of more frequently required comparison goods and a narrow range of facilities Convenience shopping, small offices and local services and community facilities such as a child care or senior citizens centre Small offices, consulting rooms, personal services establishments, petrol filling stations, supermarkets, convenience stores, shops, post office, cafes and restaurants Medium density housing types up to 400m walking distance around the activity centres and business/shop top housing within the centre, specialised housing such as aged accommodation near centre Adjacent to a public transport node, cycling and walking Role Mix of uses Commercial including retail Residential Access Local Activity Centre To provide shopping and community facilities to serve the daily needs of the local community generally located within walking distance of homes Daily convenience shopping, small offices and businesses, local services and community facilities Small local offices and businesses, petrol filling stations, convenience stores and shops, including cafes and restaurants Medium density housing types up to 400m walking distance around the activity centres and business/shop top housing within the centre, specialised housing such as aged accommodation near centre Walking and cycling access from surrounding area Policies 1. Place a greater emphasis on the role of activity centres, particularly neighbourhood and local activity centres, in revitalising and strengthening local communities. (a) Encourage the investigation of new local and neighbourhood activity centres in car-dependent neighbourhoods to promote walking and cycling for daily shopping trips. 2. Support a range of activity centres that are complementary and meet community needs. (a) Develop activity centres in accordance with the Activity Centres Hierarchy (refer to Map 9 and Table 3). (b) Reinforce the Central City Activity Centre as the primary focus for economic, cultural, political, tourism and retail activity for metropolitan Adelaide and the state. (c) Support the function of regional activity centres as the main centres outside the Central City Activity Centre serving the surrounding regions. (d) Ensure that the expansion of retail activity in any activity centre is compatible with its designated role and does not adversely affect the role and function of other activity centres. (e) Maintain the community focus of district activity centres in serving the surrounding district, and provide a range of convenience and comparison goods and services, as well as other community services and facilities. (f) Strengthen the role of neighbourhood activity centres in serving the daily to weekly needs of the surrounding neighbourhood, providing goods and services in locations that reduce travel distances. (g) Predominantly locate retailing activities in designated centres in defined areas. Retailing should occur in appropriately designated zones. A limited number of additional zones may be created to accommodate bulky goods retail uses. 72

81 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3. Encourage an appropriate mix of uses to create multifunctional activity centres. (a) Encourage a dynamic mix of uses in activity centres which strengthen and revitalise local communities and provide a suitable range of activity throughout the day and evening. (b) Concentrate office accommodation investment both by private and public sectors in activity centres, with a focus on the Central City Activity Centre for higher-order office facilities and in regional centres, particularly Elizabeth and Noarlunga, as the secondary focus for major business and regional offices. (c) Regenerate Port Adelaide to strengthen its regional administrative role and develop its unique living and tourism areas. (d) Maintain the primary role of activity centres as concentrations of retail and appropriate commercial uses, and services for recreation, entertainment, education, community and cultural purposes, and include housing to increase their viability and vibrancy. (e) Increase the diversity and density of housing in and around activity centres, including alternative forms of housing within mixed-use developments. (f) Maintain continuous ground floor retail frontage in the key retail areas but allow other uses in upper levels that do not impact on, and are compatible with, the retail function. (g) Provide a range of multifunction civic and community facilities in activity centres, including libraries, childcare centres and meeting spaces to provide a greater community focus for people of all ages. (h) Ensure that appropriate and measurable standards are applied to minimise adverse impacts of activity centres and deliver attractive and functional outcomes, particularly for mixed-use developments. (i) Ensure that important clusters of land uses within activity centres, such as retail areas or areas providing live music, are not adversely affected by the introduction of a mix of uses within or adjacent to the clusters. (j) Encourage shared use of support facilities including car parking, meeting rooms, library facilities. 4. Actively encourage people to walk, cycle and use public transport to access activity centres. (a) Encourage people in surrounding neighbourhoods to walk and cycle to activity centres by providing safe and convenient linkages and facilities like bike storage and public seating. (b) Ensure that the layout and design of activity centres facilitate ease of access and are well connected to the surrounding areas. (c) Ensure pedestrian environments within activity centres are walkable, direct, convenient, safe, well-signposted, sheltered and shaded and accommodate disabled access. 5. Improve the transit focus of activity centres through greater integration with public transport facilities. (a) Redevelop existing, and design new, activity centres to incorporate direct and highly accessible connections to public and community transport facilities. (b) Provide centrally located public transport interchanges in regional activity centres that are safe, comfortable and convenient for users. (c) Locate high-activity and employment-generating uses in close proximity to public transport interchanges and stops within activity centres. (d) Encourage the development of new transit-focused activity centres in selected locations which complement the existing Activity Centres Hierarchy. 6. Balance the provision of private and commercial vehicle access and car-parking with the need to ensure walkable, attractive and efficient activity centres. (a) Encourage shared access and car-parking arrangements between different uses in activity centres. (b) Ensure service vehicle access and movement balances the needs of business with the safety and amenity of the centre. 73

82 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (c) Manage road networks, particularly strategic and freight routes and the adjacent land uses within activity centres to recognise their respective roles and functions. (d) Balance and manage land use and traffic to address priorities, while ensuring the safety of all road users, particularly pedestrians and cyclists. 7. Encourage attractive, functional and vibrant activity centres. (a) Ensure appropriate urban design and planning of activity centres to achieve high quality, attractive and functional outcomes, particularly in public spaces. (b) Encourage more communal uses at ground floor level, such as shops and restaurants, to create active street frontages which have a strong relationship to the surrounding environment to build vitality and support pedestrian experiences. (c) Provide multifunctional spaces such as town squares and parks in activity centres suitable for a range of uses including public gatherings, recreation and civic activities. (d) Incorporate principles of crime prevention through environmental design into all public and private development in activity centres. (e) Ensure that a suitable range of spaces and interesting activities are available to engage children and youth in activity centres. (f) Maintain and improve existing strip-style activity centres to embrace the principles of main street design, including the consolidation of car-parking and access, and the introduction of housing above and behind commercial uses. (g) Retain, respect and integrate heritage assets and character values into activity centres. (h) Promote appropriately designed higher density buildings in regional activity centres (to contain sprawl) and the Central City Activity Centre, taking into account design factors including solar access and overshadowing, noise and amenity. 74

83 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.15 Residential Neighbourhoods and Housing Residential neighbourhoods comprise a significant proportion of the metropolitan area. Although the scale, intensity and density of neighbourhoods will vary, they should all include a range of services and facilities, such as public open space, education facilities, local community facilities, local shops and offices, housing, streets and pedestrian paths. Public transport should be within easy walking distance. Activity centres, particularly local and neighbourhood activity centres, provide a focus for the concentration of many of these facilities within neighbourhoods. Urban Containment To protect important primary production areas and ecological assets and to ensure more efficient use of existing services and infrastructure, urban growth will be accommodated within the area defined by the Urban Boundary. The boundary clearly emphasises that the supply of land is limited and land and community resources need to be used with increasing efficiency. To achieve further containment, targeted locations for housing growth will maximise accessibility to existing services and facilities, particularly public transport, by increasing the population living within walking distance. Growth will also be targeted near high-amenity locations such as coastal areas and linear parks. Areas targeted for growth are subject to addressing local qualities, such as neighbourhood character and heritage, and appropriately managing environmental risks such as flooding. A significant number of additional dwellings need to be created within the urban boundary to meet growth in population and household formation. The replacement of existing houses with significant numbers of additional dwellings should be focused in areas targeted for regeneration and redevelopment, with an emphasis on amalgamating land to more efficiently utilise sites and improve quantity, quality and diversity of housing stock. Neighbourhood Character Neighbourhoods need to accommodate a range of community needs and be adaptable to change over time in response to cyclical changes in demographics and household size, as well as the condition of housing stock. Neighbourhoods will experience change through turnover in population and ageing of existing residents which will generate a need for more housing diversity, changes in density and different services and facilities. These changes should be carefully managed to maintain, and in some cases improve, neighbourhood character. The desired character of neighbourhoods can be determined and it may not always be the same as the present character. This can be established in part by those who live there through open consultation between local communities, State and Local governments and the development industry. A stronger focus on expressing the vision for the physical characteristics and elements of the neighbourhood desired in the future as well as the needs of the community will be important in identifying where redevelopment and regeneration can be confidently targeted and where only minor redevelopment may be desired. Transit-focused Neighbourhoods Transit-focused neighbourhoods are neighbourhoods located within a walkable distance of public transport facilities and may include some mixed-use or higher density residential development. Where densities are constrained, transit-focused neighbourhoods can be improved through measures that increase accessibility to the public transport network including improved lighting, pedestrian paths, cycle paths and improved orientation of development. (See Map 10) Housing Appropriate and accessible housing is essential to individual and community wellbeing. Changes to household and demographic structures means that future housing will need to include a range of types and tenures and be adaptable to various lifestyles and situations and, in particular, smaller households. Housing provision covers issues related to location, access to public transport and community services, appropriateness, tenure security, flexibility of design and energy efficiency. It also relates to the spatial distribution of disadvantage and is critical to reducing economic and social exclusion. As well as a variety of adaptable housing types, housing choice will include a range of densities. 75

84 ES RANG Develop a priority program for redevelopment of social housing areas. Elizabeth Provide higher housing densities in strategic locations around centres and transport nodes and interchanges to provide housing choice and support public transport use. Encourage infill development sensitive to neighbourhood character and defined local heritage. Encourage urban regeneration opportunities. Modbury Port Adelaide LO FTY Encourage affordable housing in suitable locations Marion Central City Activity Centre Regional Activity Centres District Activity Centres Broadacre Land UN Noarlunga MO Potential coastal growth areas T Potential transit-focused economic and housing growth bands of activity (Data correct at June 2004) Opportunities for urban regeneration Potential urban infill areas State Government maintained roads Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary Potential transit-focused neighbourhoods Suburban rail, trams and O-Bahn Rail stations km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. Residential development areas November 2004 Corrections to

85 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies The following chart defines the housing densities referred to in this Strategy and should be used as a guide in the preparation of planning policy. Table 4: Guide to Defining Housing Densities Very Low Density Typical Built Form Approx. Gross Density 2 Approx. Net Density 3 Appropriate Locations Very-low-density housing comprises single-storey detached dwellings on large allotments, with large setbacks to side boundaries and the street, and large areas of private open space. Less than 11 dwellings per hectare. Less than 17 dwellings per hectare. Very-low-density housing development occurs within the outer areas of country townships and on the fringes of the metropolitan area in locations relatively distant from community services and facilities. It should also occur where there are constraints such as topography, vegetation, character and heritage, and where sewerage services are restricted requiring on-site wastewater disposal. Example: Single storey detached dwellings, circa 1900, Grant Avenue, Rose Park Net density: 14.8 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 10 dwellings per hectare Low Density Typical Built Form Approx. Gross Density Approx. Net Density Appropriate Locations Low-density housing comprises single and two-storey detached, semi-detached and row dwellings on medium-to-large allotments, with small-to-medium setbacks to side boundaries, relatively large setbacks to the street, and reasonable areas of private open space dwellings per hectare dwellings per hectare. Low-density housing occurs on greenfield development sites on the fringes of the metropolitan area, within country townships and within established suburban areas throughout metropolitan Adelaide as redevelopment as part of a range of housing densities. Example: Single storey detached and semi-detached dwellings, circa 1995, Hauteville Terrace, Eastwood Net density 28 dwellings per hectare Gross density 19 dwellings per hectare Single-storey detached dwellings, circa 2001, Kandra Road, Sheidow Park Net density: 17.8 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 12.0 dwellings per hectare 2 Gross Density is calculated from the total development site area and allows for roads (20%) and open space (12.5%), but does not include non-residential development such as schools and shops. Gross density is best utilised for broadacre development on greenfield or brownfield sites. 3 Net Density is calculated from the site area devoted to housing only, and is best utilised for infill development or development of smaller parcels of land. 77

86 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Medium Density Typical Built Form Approx. Gross Density Approx. Net Density Appropriate Locations Medium-density housing development ranges from two-to-three-storey detached, semidetached and row dwellings on small allotments (with nil-to-small setbacks to side boundaries and the street, and limited private open space) to small office home office (SOHO) and mews dwellings, to residential flat buildings and apartment buildings up to four storeys in height dwellings per hectare, although individual dwellings may substantially exceed this range dwellings per hectare, although individual dwellings may substantially exceed this range. Medium-density housing should occur within inner- and middle-suburbs as redevelopment and in locations close to public transport, shops, community services and facilities, and large areas of public open space throughout the metropolitan area. Activity centres are also favoured locations for medium-density housing. Example: Two and three storey dwellings, circa 2005, Peninsula Drive, Mawson Lakes Net density: 65 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 44 dwellings per hectare Dr Kent's Paddocks, circa 1980, Rundle and Capper Streets, Kent Town Two and three storey row dwellings and residential flat buildings Net density: 68 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 45 dwellings per hectare High Density Typical Built Form Approx. Gross Density Approx. Net Density Appropriate Locations High-density housing development includes residential flat buildings and apartment buildings five storeys in height or greater, but may include alternative housing forms which deliver higher dwelling yields. High-density housing development includes highrise development. Greater than 45 dwellings per hectare. Greater than 67 dwellings per hectare. High-density housing should occur in locations of intense activity with excellent public transport links. High-density housing in Adelaide will be largely limited to locations within the Central City Activity Centre, regional activity centres and some district activity centres where appropriate, and as part of transit-oriented developments along major public transport routes. Example: Single storey row dwellings, circa 1880, Corryton Street, Adelaide Net density: 100 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 67.5 dwellings per hectare Three storey residential flat building, circa 1971, Esplanade, Seacliff Net density: 105 dwellings per hectare Gross density: 71 dwellings per hectare 12 storey apartment building with four level basement carpark, Liberty Towers, Colley Terrace, Glenelg Net density: dwellings per hectare Gross density: dwellings per hectare 78

87 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies Affordable Housing Affordable housing (which includes ongoing costs for access to water and energy infrastructure, and the cost of travel) is becoming increasingly out of reach for disadvantaged and low- to moderateincome earners. The Commonwealth Government has refocused funding initiatives from the provision of low-cost housing to rental subsidy. In this context, a strategic priority of the State Government is to facilitate delivery of appropriately located and diverse affordable housing. A household is said to be experiencing housing stress where the household is low income (ie in the lower 40% of income) and spends more than 25% of gross income on rent or 30% on mortgage repayments. The State Government has released the Housing Plan for South Australia (March 2005) with objectives to make affordable housing available to more people and provide quality housing for those in greatest need in the community. To assist in addressing this problem and other issues, a regional approach has been adopted by the State Government, for example through the establishment of offices of the North, Southern Suburbs and the North-west, which will assist these areas in whole-of-place management. This approach has been designed to integrate social, economic and environmental aspects of urban planning and design, together with non-planning functions of the three spheres of government. It may also include establishing public-private partnerships. Policies 1. Ensure land is used appropriately within the Urban Boundary to meet projected housing demands and satisfy varied housing preferences and incomes. (a) Provide a supply of residential land that is well serviced, appropriately zoned and capable of accommodating projected housing demand. (b) Ensure the sequenced release and development of residential land and infrastructure that reflects the preferred sequencing described in the Residential Metropolitan Development Program (appended). (c) Prepare structure plans for residential development for inclusion in Development Plans as areas suitable for additional residential opportunities are identified and evaluated. (d) Promote higher densities of residential development in appropriate locations to significantly increase the average dwelling replacement rates for metropolitan Adelaide taking into account the need to protect desired character and heritage. (e) Consider the suitability of surplus and underutilised state, commonwealth and local government land for housing development. (f) Develop innovative, affordable and sustainable housing. 2. Accommodate a range of facilities in neighbourhoods to increase the diversity of activities within walking distance of housing. (a) Strengthen and revitalise local and neighbourhood activity centres to create a diversity of local employment opportunities and retain neighbourhood-level community services and facilities. (b) Allow the establishment of home businesses which are compatible with the local area to encourage working from home. (c) Locate and design new housing to prevent conflict with existing business and employment activities. (d) Locate and arrange community and recreation facilities in neighbourhoods to encourage participation in community life. 3. Target growth to maximise use of existing infrastructure and ensure the provision of suitable infrastructure to support the function of neighbourhoods. (a) Target locations for more compact and mixed-use forms of housing including conversion of existing dwellings and non-residential buildings to maximise the use of existing infrastructure capacity, services and facilities. 79

88 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (b) Provide infrastructure in a timely, cost-efficient and effective manner, ensuring that all communities have access to services and facilities they need. (c) Ensure that development does not exceed the environmental capability and infrastructure capacity of neighbourhoods and that it contributes to necessary upgrades and improvements as community needs change. (d) Adapt existing community facilities and ensure new facilities are designed and managed to be more multifunctional and adaptable in their use. (e) Encourage connections to, and use of, information technology and communications infrastructure within neighbourhoods to facilitate working from home. 4. Provide a range of medium-to-high-density housing forms in targeted locations to maximise the use of existing infrastructure, services and facilities, including public transport, schools and open space. (a) Target increased housing densities (refer to the Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework (Figure 1)): - within and around activity centres, in accordance with the Activity Centres Hierarchy (see discussion under 'Activity Centres') - in transit-focused neighbourhoods within walking distance of selected high-frequency public transport routes and transit nodes - in selected areas within walking distance of the coast - in renewal and regeneration sites where convenient access to public transport and community services and facilities is provided - around public open spaces in locations where convenient access to public transport and community services and facilities is provided. (b) Locate, orientate and design housing to maximise compatibility between living environments and strategic roads, freight and rail routes. (c) Locate, orientate and design new housing to maximise compatibility between the occupants and neighbours. 5. Develop transit-focused neighbourhoods which provide opportunities for people to walk to public transport and other services and facilities. (a) Encourage higher housing densities in transit-focused neighbourhoods while preserving local qualities such as neighbourhood character and heritage and safety. (b) Design housing in transit-focused neighbourhoods to ensure adequate separation from the transport route, and utilise a range of noise attenuation measures to prevent impacts associated with noise and air quality. (c) Improve the safety and appearance of public spaces and recreation areas and the permeability and legibility of transit-focused neighbourhoods to facilitate safe and convenient access to public transport, particularly in areas within walking distance of stops. 6. Improve the accessibility of neighbourhoods by creating safe, convenient and pleasant environments for walking, cycling and public transport use. (a) Promote more compact neighbourhoods, particularly around activity centres, to reduce travel. (b) Apply crime prevention through environmental design techniques to improve personal and neighbourhood safety and security. (c) Ensure linkages are provided between neighbourhoods, and discourage exclusive developments, such as gated communities. (d) Design neighbourhoods to minimise walking distances to destinations through the provision of direct pedestrian linkages and short street blocks. No through roads such as cul-de-sacs should be designed to include pedestrian and cycling linkages. (e) Minimise the impact of through traffic in neighbourhoods, while maintaining an adequate level of low-speed private vehicle access. (f) Maximise access and use of neighbourhood street environments for all users, including the disabled, elderly, those who use small personal motorised transport such as gophers, people with prams or dogs, and emergency or other service vehicles. 80

89 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies (g) Ensure safe, legible and active pedestrian environments through the provision of appropriate pavement and footpath treatments, crossing points, sign-posting, lighting and street furniture, to encourage walking. (h) Provide safe and convenient pedestrian access across movement corridors to public transport stops, activity centres and other services and facilities, particularly in transit-focused neighbourhoods. 7. Reinforce existing coastal neighbourhoods and create new activity centres to facilitate coastal living, employment and recreation. (a) Sensitively develop coastal neighbourhoods that link with existing activity centres at or adjacent to the coast with a range of services and facilities and access to public transport and coastal recreation areas. (b) Encourage potential coastal growth areas identified on the Adelaide Metropolitan Spatial Framework (Figure 1) to be developed at low-to-medium densities, with special focus on the Port Adelaide Waterfront and Glenelg, for high density housing. 8. Reinforce and protect a sense of place and neighbourhood character, while encouraging the evolution of preferred built form and landscaped characters. (a) Ensure that the desired character for particular areas is established through consultation with local communities. (b) Ensure that zoning effectively discriminates between areas targeted for substantial change and those which require careful management. (b) Ensure that development contributes to the desired character, and exhibits a strong contextural relationship with its locality. (c) Have regard to existing cultural, environmental and topographical features in the design of allotments, buildings and neighbourhoods. (d) Create opportunities for cultural expression in neighbourhoods through urban design, the inclusion of art into public spaces, appropriate landscape treatments and other design techniques. 9. Provide a network of parks and recreation areas within neighbourhoods which offer a variety of safe, useable, appropriate and attractive public open spaces. (a) Ensure accessible public open spaces within walking distance of residential neighbourhoods, particularly in higher-density areas where private open space provision is limited. (b) Encourage more usable and attractive public spaces, including road reserves, to maximise use of the public space and improve amenity. 10. Design and develop neighbourhoods in an ecologically sustainable manner. (a) Ensure that developments are energy- and water-efficient and enable the use of renewable resources and the re-use of non-renewable resources. (b) Provide for a more comprehensive approach to the design of public space for urban water management at the neighbourhood level. (c) Locate, design and manage neighbourhoods to take into account environmental constraints and hazards, including urban stormwater runoff and bushfire risk. 11. Improve the integration of ecologically sensitive design principles into housing development. (a) Promote the use of construction techniques and materials which minimise the use of energy and water and the generation of waste material. (b) Design housing and associated internal and external infrastructure to maximise energy efficiency and water conservation and re-use. 81

90 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (c) Change the focus from minimum car-parking requirements for housing to maximum car-parking requirements, particularly in transit-oriented development and higher-density residential projects. 12. Provide a range of housing types to meet the needs of future residents and enable people to remain within their community as their housing needs change. (a) Provide a diverse and adaptable range of accommodation for older people and people with a disability ranging from independent living units to high-level care accommodation, located close to activity centres, health services and frequent public transport services. (b) Ensure the provision of housing addressing the needs of Aboriginal communities. (c) Provide a range of housing services for people in housing crisis. (d) Integrate public housing in a way that makes it physically indistinguishable from other homes. (e) Encourage complementary design and planning of housing and care services. (f) Increase housing options and choice for special needs groups by strengthening networks between public and private providers of special needs housing, to better cater for and supply housing choice, and to ensure availability of supported and boarding house style accommodation. (g) Provide housing or assistance in the development and design of housing to meet a variety of cultural requirements. 13. Facilitate and support a variety of affordable housing development options. (a) Distribute affordable housing throughout the metropolitan area. (b) Pursue a target of 15% affordable housing including a 5% component for high need housing in all significant new housing developments. (c) Ensure that well-located and serviced land is made available for affordable housing, particularly for social housing agencies; include consideration of affordable housing objectives in State and Local Government land disposals. (d) Facilitate opportunities for innovation and best practice to develop affordable and high needs housing which incorporates principles of universal design and energy efficiency and enhances neighbourhoods. (e) Ensure that zoning promotes housing choice and encourages the inclusion of a range of affordable and high need housing, in terms of size, style and density, in areas accessible to public transport and close to employment opportunities, appropriate services and activity centres. (f) Create flexible planning environments in relation to density for development proposals that meet the 15% affordable housing target in appropriate locations. (g) Ensure that areas identified in the Residential Metropolitan Development Program for redevelopment and regeneration address the potential impact on the supply of affordable and high need housing. (h) Explore financial models to raise funds for affordable housing. 14. Encourage a broad distribution of social housing. (a) Provide and manage new social housing, redevelop the existing social housing stock and focus asset management on the best mix of housing retention, refurbishment and sales, in response to demographic and housing formation changes. (b) Provide an appropriate balance and integration of social and private housing through the redevelopment of social housing stock in areas with significant concentrations. (c) Provide a broad distribution of social and community housing that is located close to a range of services and facilities. Associated policy and legislation Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Housing Plan for South Australia 82

91 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.16 Townships Small townships within the metropolitan area include Gawler, Virginia, Angle Vale, One Tree Hill, McLaren Vale, Willunga and McLaren Flat, and coastal settlements such as St Kilda and Sellicks Beach. These township communities can be strengthened by providing a range of employment opportunities and appropriate services and facilities. Policies 1. Encourage development that recognises and complements the different roles and functions of townships. (a) Encourage uses and activities that serve primary industry, such as value-adding enterprises, to locate in townships where they have an appropriate level of access and do not adversely impact surrounding uses. (b) Encourage the development of activities, such as restaurants and visitor accommodation, to complement the recreation and tourism functions of townships and their hinterland. (c) Support the development of a range of businesses in townships to build on the strengths of local communities, complement the role and function of the townships, and provide local employment. (d) Ensure a diversity of housing types and sizes, including housing for the aged, to enable people to remain within their community as their housing needs change. 2. Maintain the small scale and character of townships and protect the surrounding lands from urban encroachment. (a) Contain urban growth within current urban boundaries and discourage further residential growth in townships that do not have sufficient infrastructure capacity. (b) Ensure that adequate separation distances and/or buffers are provided at township urban boundaries where they are adjacent to primary industry land, processing activities, major transport corridors and sensitive land uses. (c) Promote shared visions for the desired character and sense of place of townships to ensure development complements their valued elements. (d) Ensure that development in townships is designed and located to protect sensitive environments, including the coast. (e) Ensure development is consistent with the principles of ecologically sustainable development, particularly in townships with poor infrastructure capacity, by: - recycling treated wastewater for urban and rural use, particularly irrigation - using water-sensitive urban design principles in neighbourhood, street, allotment and building design - ensuring energy efficiency in building design and use of renewable energy sources. (f) Limit rural living development to within existing zones within townships. Associated Policies and Legislation South Australia s Strategic Plan Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia 83

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93 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.17 Urban Design A sense of where we are, who we are and the times we live in is defined within the elements of urban design. The natural defining features of the coast, hills and plains are significant components of the contemporary character of metropolitan Adelaide. Overlaying these are Light s major structural elements of the City s historic layout and Parklands ring, the northern and southern Adelaide urban areas, the major radial routes and the arterial road grid over the plains, all of which are central to the character of the metropolitan area, providing us with a shared sense of place. Urban design is the collaborative process of enhancing the general setting for urban life. A vibrant and responsive public realm has community, economic and environmental benefits. For the residents of Adelaide, having urban spaces that are legible, distinctive, stimulating and beautiful adds meaning and richness to life, promotes civic pride within the community, and helps people to efficiently access resources from the entire metropolitan area. Policies 1. Enhance elements that contribute to the overall character of the metropolitan area (a) Reinforce the expression of distinctive natural elements such as the hills, coast and watercourses and emphasise significant views and view points. (b) Identify and emphasise key arrival points into the metropolitan area, including air, sea and rail gateways. (c) Reinforce the distinction between the metropolitan urban areas and the rural/horticultural areas to the north and south. (d) Highlight major radial and grid road routes through distinctive urban design and built form treatment. 2. Create well designed and inspiring urban environments and public spaces (a) Achieve excellence in public realm projects, particularly government projects, in accordance with the South Australian Urban Design Charter. 3. Promote the principles and practice of good urban design. (a) Encourage participation, coordination and partnerships when considering and developing infrastructure projects and public places. (b) Promote the benefits of high quality urban design in project planning and development through programs, demonstration projects, professional education and public awareness raising. (c) Reinforce the importance of active frontages between public places and the private to revitalise centres and create quality pedestrian experiences. Associated policy, legislation and programs South Australian Urban Design Charter Places for People 85

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95 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.18 Urban Regeneration Urban regeneration is a specific type of comprehensive urban redevelopment. It involves coordinated long-term action involving the community of an existing area working together with many areas of government to improve the area's social, economic and environmental conditions. Urban regeneration is not the same as urban consolidation. Urban regeneration aims to improve the physical, social and economic conditions of an area, while urban consolidation aims to increase the density of built space and population within an urban area. Although urban regeneration typically helps achieve urban consolidation, it does not necessarily do so. Urban regeneration is often considered as applying solely to residential areas, but is also applicable to town centres and commercial and industrial areas. Urban regeneration is an appropriate strategy in two distinct situations: where there is a demonstrated community need that cannot be met by shorter-term decision making and less coordinated government efforts; or where there are compelling economic reasons for the comprehensive redevelopment of an urban area. South Australia has a small number of urban areas where residents have substantially poorer life chances in health, education, life expectancy, and income than do other South Australians. A significant part of the situation can be attributed to the area s social, economic and physical conditions. More can be done to improve the living environments for people in these areas. Experience in South Australia, the rest of Australia and internationally suggests that programs are now needed that: are targeted to the specific characteristics of the area address the interlinked issues in an integrated manner deliver change using coordinated efforts by several government agencies recognise that extended effort is likely to be required (a decade or more) establish a vision of the preferred character for the area involve the community in decision making. A rigorous and timely process is needed to identify those areas which need urban regeneration, and subsequently to prioritise those areas so that efforts and resources can be directed to where they will be most beneficial. Policies 1. Prioritise urban regeneration projects based on the relative social, economic and environmental benefits to be gained. (a) Prioritise urban regeneration areas based on a set of criteria that takes into account their relative social, economic and environmental disadvantage and the opportunities or levers that already exist. (b) Establish transparent and accountable processes in targeting funding for places in most need of regeneration. 2. Maximise opportunities to facilitate urban regeneration and attract private sector participation. (a) Use surplus and under-utilised government land to maximise urban regeneration opportunities as determined through the analysis of sites within a strategic context. (b) Ensure public-private relationships demonstrate best practice in innovative sustainable building and subdivision design, and establish long-term mutually beneficial partnerships between the community, government and private individuals/companies. 87

96 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (c) Maximise the potential for infrastructure projects to stimulate urban regeneration and economic development by linking these projects with supporting initiatives such as rezoning, affordable housing initiatives, disposal of surplus government land, remediation of site contamination, and the provision of appropriate services and facilities. (d) Ensure that development policies that apply to areas likely to be subject to urban regeneration promote innovation and creativity, and facilitate housing diversity, including affordable housing. (e) Stimulate private investment in urban regeneration projects to revitalise public housing areas. (f) Use upgrades of key public transport nodes to encourage nearby commercial investment in mixed-use and medium-to-high density residential development 3. Adopt an integrated and collaborative approach to urban regeneration. (a) Adopt a whole-of-government integrated strategic planning approach to urban regeneration, involving a master plan process to ensure that effective and consistent long-term policies are developed through a consultative process involving local government, state agencies, local communities and private interests. (b) Develop approaches to urban regeneration that encourage the retention of local communities, including their diversity of ages. (c) Encourage active community involvement in defining the needs and aspirations of people in regeneration areas as an essential component of planning, and to enhance community wellbeing, sense of belonging and economic sustainability. (d) Encourage urban regeneration projects to build on the strengths of communities and attributes of places as a way of creating unique living environments. (e) Include a significant emphasis on high quality urban design and the treatment of character. 4. Maximise the potential benefits of urban regeneration by integrating social, environmental and economic priorities and outcomes. (a) Increase the diversity and choice of housing types and densities in urban regeneration areas, particularly in areas close to public transport nodes, in and around regional activity centres, and in other areas well served by public transport and other services. (b) Maximise a range of sustainable part-time and full-time employment opportunities for local communities by linking economic and employment initiatives with other measures to create a positive investment climate. (c) Improve the accessibility to, and frequency of, public transport services in areas targeted for urban regeneration. (d) Improve social and living conditions through improved access to services and facilities, including public open space, education and health facilities. (e) Ensure urban regeneration projects create supportive environments for active living to encourage improved community health and wellbeing. (f) Ensure urban regeneration projects provide links to adjoining areas to maximise the shared use of services and facilities. (g) Improve the vitality of areas by working with existing businesses and encouraging them to embrace opportunities. (h) Incorporate cultural initiatives, such as public art, to stimulate revitalisation of communities and social cohesion. (i) Maximise opportunities for improvement of the ecological sustainability of areas through initiatives such as: - aquifer recharge and recovery - energy-efficient design - protection of native vegetation - revegetation - preservation of existing significant trees - remediation of land and water that is degraded, or where site contamination has been identified. (j) Maximise the opportunities for improving physical and social infrastructure such as: - reticulation systems - roads 88

97 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies - pathways - stormwater management - schools - health facilities - recreation areas Associated policy and legislation Housing Plan for South Australia Urban Regeneration green paper Water Proofing Adelaide Whole of Government Project Appraisal Framework State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Initial Natural Resources Management Plan

98 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY 3.19 Primary Industry 3.20 Employment and Business Focus Areas 3.21 Industrial Land 3.22 Specialised Activity Precincts 3.23 Commercial Uses 3.24 Tourism Facilities 90

99 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.19 Primary Industry Areas within 100 kilometres of the Adelaide metropolitan area generate percent of the state s total gross production value from 3 percent of its agricultural land. This Strategy aims to maintain and enhance primary production areas to enable them to continue providing goods for local, national and international markets. The Northern Adelaide Plains, Willunga Basin and, to a lesser degree, the Hills Face Zone provide goods including fresh produce and wine. Although these areas are protected from urban encroachment by the urban boundary, there are interface issues that need to be managed to maintain production while minimising environmental impact. Rural living also has significant adverse impacts on the potential of productive land through loss of land and conflicts between uses. Issues such as the allocation of water, access to production facilities, transportation of goods, and access to a workforce, which is often seasonal, are of particular importance. The tourism value of these areas also needs to be recognised. The State Government will identify and designate 'Areas of Primary Production Significance' within designated 'Areas of Strategic Interest for Primary Production' (Map 12). The designation will be based on a combination of criteria, including the capability of the land for high value industries and existing investment. Once identified, it is intended that future plans, policies and decisions affecting these areas will give clear and unambiguous priority to primary production. Policies 1. Identify and protect areas of primary production significance. (a) Incorporate Government's designated areas of primary production significance into Development Plans. (b) Prevent incompatible activity by applying stricter controls to forms of development not directly related to primary production or its value-adding activities, as well as to land divisions (including boundary realignments), within areas of primary production significance. 2. Encourage the establishment of enterprises that value-add to primary industry. (a) Allow for the development of small value-adding activity, such as packing sheds and processing facilities, which complement the primary industry in the local area. (b) Maximise the use of productive land by encouraging the location of large-scale, value-adding activities outside areas of primary production significance. (c) Examine opportunities for co-location of intensive primary industries and compatible processing activities to reduce land use conflict and achieve efficiencies in production, processing, distribution, energy efficiency and waste recycling, taking into account environmental infrastructure and rural amenity issues. 3. Facilitate the provision of necessary infrastructure and services. (a) Monitor the needs of primary industry to ensure infrastructure is of a suitable standard and can sustain long-term investment and growth. (b) Separate priority transport routes for tourism from primary industry freight movement, particularly in non-urban areas. 4. Identify and plan for future viable and sustainable primary industry. (a) Develop comprehensive, measurable planning policies that reflect primary industry requirements, land capabilities, environmental characteristics and ecologically sustainable development. 91

100 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (b) Consider the impact that primary industry development may have on road infrastructure and freight routes. (c) Protect and support field vegetable or greenhouse production and related activities on the Gawler River floodplain where there is a neutral or beneficial impact on water resources. 5. Promote sustainable management of natural resources for primary production. (a) Pursue opportunities for primary production to take advantage of non-traditional water supplies, in particular the re-use of treated stormwater and wastewater from urban development, to replace or augment traditional water supplies. (b) Locate and design primary industry and associated uses to minimise potential hazards, such as chemical spills, particularly onto productive land and watercourses. (c) Develop programs with primary industries to address drainage and management of irrigation wastewater to prevent adverse impacts on wildlife habitat including watercourses. 6. Manage the interface between primary industry and urban/rural residential areas. (a) Use separation, screening vegetation and appropriate alignment of allotment boundaries within new development to manage the interface between primary industry and urban/rural residential areas to protect the economic potential and viability of primary industry. (b) Prevent incompatible and conflicting uses from locating in or near areas of primary industry activity. (c) Protect the rural green belt south of Gawler to provide separation from the general urban area, and promote it for low intensity agricultural activities. 7. Minimise the impact of land division and boundary realignments on land productivity. (a) Locate and design development, in particular allotment patterns, based on consideration of separation distances, allotment sizes, topography, wind directions and road infrastructure to avoid negative effects on primary production and natural resources. (b) Design land divisions adjacent to primary production to minimise the length of edges between urban and rural uses. (c) Prevent fragmentation of rural land. 8. Protect primary industry land from conversion to rural living. (a) Prevent the creation of any new Rural Living Zones. (b) Prevent any further subdivision of allotments within Rural Living Zones where they are not within townships or not adequately serviced with infrastructure. Associated policy and legislation Natural Resources Management Act 2004 State Water Plan/State Natural Resource Management Plan Integrated Natural Resource Management Plans/Regional Natural Resource Management Plans Water Allocation Plans SA Food Council EPA Act

101 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.20 Employment and Business Focus Areas Our business communities must be encouraged to grow in a sustainable manner. Essential elements to achieve this include providing access routes and export gateways; protecting the productive capacity of industrial areas; allowing for competitive hours of operation; providing suitable land for integrated production and support facilities, such as education and training; and a well-located and efficient infrastructure network. (See Map 12) Export growth is the most important driver of the state s economic prosperity as it provides direct economic benefits and underpins the domestic industry. We must define and develop products that can compete within global markets and ensure that industry, government and the community work together to make this happen. Our small population size and local economic base demand a highly organised and focused approach to export development. Currently industry and manufacturing play the most significant role in this, with manufactured goods dominating export earnings and wealth generation for the state. However, other areas are also presenting opportunities to increase the State s export activity: service and knowledge-based industries such as biotechnology, bioscience, information technology and education agriculture, in particular horticulture (mainly wine) and food processing local industries and small business which are expected to grow and provide a range of goods and services to serve markets here and overseas creative industries. To support export growth, there must be an adequate supply of land. Focusing employment in clusters in key areas has many advantages, including the efficient provision of public transport services and shared infrastructure and the potential to develop networks and partnerships. Successful industry clusters in Adelaide are defence, spatial information and automotive industries. Employment areas also need to consider changing employment and lifestyle trends. With the need to work smarter and more creatively, work environments will need to encourage creativity, and be more flexible and multifunctional to take into consideration a greater number of people working part time, from home or remotely. Policies 1. Create a diverse range of business and employment opportunities throughout metropolitan Adelaide that minimises the distance travelled to work. (a) Provide a mix of economic and employment-generating activities within industrial areas, activity centres and other commercial areas. (b) Facilitate the provision of a range of jobs close to areas of high population growth to provide employment opportunities. (c) Improve employment opportunities in areas such as the southern region by ensuring there is a supply of developable land with infrastructure and appropriate zoning. (d) Ensure appropriate services and infrastructure, including public transport, is planned for prior to land release to support employment areas. (e) Ensure the development of compatible surrounding land uses that support and strengthen employment areas, encourage businesses, and provide links to residential accommodation that enable employees to walk or cycle to work. (f) Encourage flex-space (multi-tenant buildings with flexible space arrangements to accommodate changing uses over time) within suitable employment areas to promote and nurture business start-ups. 93

102 Promote Mawson Innovation Precinct for manufacturing, information and communications technology, defence, automotive and electronics industries linked with the University of SA. Elizabeth RANGES Port Adelaide Modbury Investigate the expansion of health-related services adjacent to hospitals. Protect Thebarton Innovation Precinct for biotechnology opportunities Review the future of land at Lonsdale with an emphasis on maintaining the site for employment-generating land uses. Central City Activity Centre Marion LOFTY Strengthen the Florey Innovation Precinct as a centre of life and medical sciences research linked with major medical research and educational organisations across the metropolitan area. Recognise and strengthen Waite Innovation Precinct as an important research and education centre focused on primary industry and biotechnology. Regional Activity Centres District Activity Centres Significant employment nodes Business and industry employment areas Areas of strategic interest for primary production State Government maintained roads Noarlunga MOUNT Strengthen Flinders Innovation Precinct as an important centre for health, education, research and technology by expanding existing research facilities, business activities, student and other housing opportunities and a range of other supporting uses. Cluster inter-dependent specialised business and employment activities. Strategic road network Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary Innovation Precinct Defence Industry and Technology Precinct Suburban rail, trams and O-Bahn Rail stations km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 11 Employment and business focus areas Corrections November to

103 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 2. Ensure the provision of an adequate and appropriate supply of land for business and employment purposes to optimise transport network efficiencies. 3. Promote the development of green businesses, particularly in relation to sustainable energy, waste recycling and manufacturing, water and wastewater treatments, and alternative transport. 4. Assist businesses to cluster in specialised activity precincts and create links between businesses in those clusters where appropriate. 5. Allow for a mix of related and complementary land uses in employment areas to provide services to local employees, while not undermining the key role and function of the area or zone. 6. Encourage innovation, and strengthen research and development capability and associated infrastructure to facilitate economic growth. (a) Locate strategic research and development infrastructure within innovation precincts, and business and industry clusters. (b) Encourage the location of suitable businesses at, or near, tertiary education facilities to provide greater links to research capabilities. 7. Develop infrastructure to improve trade and export capabilities. (a) Focus priority business clusters around key road, air, rail and sea terminals, particularly intermodal facilities to maximise the economic benefits of export infrastructure, taking into consideration future expansion needs. (b) Protect existing and future transport infrastructure and adjoining land from incompatible development to maintain efficient transport networks. Associated policy and legislation South Australia s Strategic Plan Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia A Framework For Economic Development In South Australia Global Horizons-Local Initiatives A Framework for SA s Manufacturing Future Beyond Local, Towards: Building South Australia s Export Culture Shaping the Future STI 10 - A 10 Year Vision for Science, Technology and Innovation in South Australia South Australia's Broadband Strategy Constellation SA 95

104 Protect primary production on the Northern Adelaide Plains. Capitalise on opportunities for industrial development associated with the Adelaide to Darwin rail link and feeder routes. Investigate the alignment of the Northern Expressway between Gawler and Port Wakefield Road Promote Mawson Innovation Precinct for manufacturing, information and communications technology, defence, automotive and electronics industries linked with the University of SA. RANGES Utilise land along the Port River shipping channel primarily for port- related and transport industry. Promote Torrens Island for energy intensive industry. T T T Potential northern intermodal freight terminal Focus transport and distribution facilities at Gepps Cross. Utilise Gilman and Dry Creek as an industrial hub with a focus on waste management and recycling. T Promote the Cast Metals Precinct at Wingfield for foundries and compatible high-energy use activities. Protect Thebarton Innovation Precinct for biotechnology opportunities Focus export related industry at Adelaide Airport. Investigate potential for port related activities at Lonsdale. T LOFTY Strengthen the Florey Innovation Precinct as a centre of life and medical sciences research linked with major medical research and educational organisations across the metropolitan area. Recognise and strengthen Waite Innovation Precinct as an important research and education centre focused on primary industry and biotechnology. T Business Industry clusters Waste water treatment plants Extractive industry Key waste management facilities Key future industry sites Defence Industry and Technology Precinct Business and industry employment areas Areas of strategic interest for Primary Production Key freight terminals MOUNT Strengthen Flinders Innovation Precinct as an important centre for health, education, research and technology by expanding existing research facilities, business activities, student and other housing opportunities and a range of other supporting uses. Potential southern intermodal freight terminal Protect primary production areas in the Willunga Basin. Protect and ensure a timely supply of well sited industrial land. Airports Seaports State Government maintained roads Develop infrastructure including communications, road, air, rail and sea terminals to improve trade and export capability. Primary freight roads Secondary freight roads Freight rail Urban Boundary Planning Strategy boundary km Please note: This map is a conceptual representation of some of the directions to the Planning Strategy and must be read in conjunction with the other maps and the relevant sections of the strategy. All features on the map are indicative and require consultation and local investigation, such as the identification of hazards and constraints, to determine their specific application. 12 Industry Corrections November to

105 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.21 Industrial Land This topic provides direction on the provision and protection of well-serviced industrial land that meets projected demands in terms of its location, quantity and quality. Industrial land uses include special industry, general industry, light industry, service industry and extractive industries. The Metropolitan Adelaide Industrial Land Strategy supports the directions in this topic and reviews the demand and supply of industrial land, providing information to help ensure an adequate supply of development-ready industrial land and protect land for future longer term needs. Focusing on export growth Industry and manufacturing play a significant role in establishing South Australia as an export economy, with manufactured goods dominating export earnings and wealth generation for the state, as well as providing significant employment. Service and knowledge-based industries such as biotechnology, bioscience, information technology and education are increasingly important contributors to export income. Agriculture also presents opportunities, with growth expected in the areas of horticulture (particularly wine) and food processing. Local industries and small business are also expected to grow and provide a range of goods and services to meet local demand. Current consumption of industrial land The supply of industrial land is a critical issue for the Adelaide metropolitan area, with the consumption rate running at approximately 85ha per annum on average, with potential to increase as higher growth is realised. At 2005 there was approximately 1410ha of vacant industrial zoned land (excluding extractive and home industry zones) remaining in metropolitan Adelaide with only approximately 300ha considered to be immediately available for development, and the remaining 1110ha available for development but with constraints that need to be overcome before development can occur. Industry clusters Industry clusters can link customers, suppliers and other relationships to increase competitive advantage. Clusters also provide opportunities for industries to benefit from environmental enhancements such as the use of by-products from other industries, and efficiencies in relation to supply chains. This is often referred to as industrial ecology, which is linked to the objective of producing little, if any, waste. Instead of waste, residual matter is repeatedly consumed with an emphasis on considering the total life-cycle of products and services, including the path through resource extraction, processing, manufacturing, marketing and distribution, top recovery and disposal. Industrial ecology involves rethinking conventional methods to achieve smarter production, processes and products to achieve sustainable production. Separation distances and/or buffers between industry and other land uses While there is a strong trend towards industries managing their environmental and social impacts, operating hours are being extended and community expectations about the quality of their environment are increasing. To be competitive on an export basis, and maximise return on capital investment, industries are often required to conduct a 24/7 operation. To minimise interface issues, future industrial zone policy should be informed by the Environment Protection Authority s separation distance performance criteria. Interface issues can be prevented by ensuring incompatible development does not encroach on industrial zones and by managing the nature and intensity of uses at the interface. At an interface, both parties can expect to bear some cost or responsibility for mitigation or management of interface effects and external impacts. This should be determined on a case by case basis. There may also be instances where industrial activities surrounded by incompatible uses are no longer appropriate in those locations. 97

106 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Policies 1. Protect and ensure a timely supply of well sited industrial land to meet a projected 15 year demand. (a) Identify and protect strategic industrial land including land near supply chains, infrastructure and skilled workforces. (b) Ensure a 3 to 5 year supply of development ready industrial land that accommodates forecast demand and meets the projected location and quality requirements of industry. (c) Manage the demand for industrial land by ensuring industries are provided with operational advantages at existing locations and by promoting industrial reuse of brownfield sites. (d) Ensure a net gain of industrial land across metropolitan Adelaide, particularly in strategic locations. (e) Provide a variety of allotment sizes to cater for a range of industries from small service industries to large export-focused industries and provide opportunities for business clustering. (f) Reinforce protection afforded to businesses operating under existing use rights to ensure the continuation of the business, subject to appropriate ongoing environmental/public health performance and taking into account the appropriateness of location of the activity in the future. (g) Ensure the identification and availability of suitable land for industrial development in the southern suburbs. (h) Pursue the current Lonsdale industrial area for heavy industrial development. (i) Where appropriate develop industrial estates and progress investment opportunities for brownfields industrial sites in the south of Adelaide. (j) Capitalise on opportunities for economic growth and industrial development associated with the Adelaide to Darwin rail link and feeder freight routes, the airports and the Port of Adelaide. 2. Assess, monitor and stage industrial land releases and infrastructure provision to support industrial activities. (a) Focus development in areas where there is adequate infrastructure. (b) Allow development in locations where there is insufficient infrastructure if the augmentation costs are borne by the developer. (c) Use on-site generation of alternative energy and/or water resources where energy or water infrastructure is the limiting factor to development. (d) Encourage on-site generation of alternative energy and/or water resources for all developments. (e) Ensure infrastructure planning is conducted in advance of anticipated demand. 3. Consolidate and strengthen key industrial areas to achieve operational advantages and the efficient provision of infrastructure. (a) Protect and improve key metropolitan industrial areas, including (but not limited to) land at Lefevre Peninsula/Pelican Point, Gillman/Dry Creek, Edinburgh Parks estate (defence at DSTO)/Burton, Seaford, Wingfield, Regency Park, Islington railyards, Gepps Cross, Parafield, Elizabeth West, Edwardstown, Mitchell Park (Tonsley industrial area), Windsor Gardens, Netley, Adelaide Airport and Lonsdale by adding the required infrastructure and preventing further encroachment of incompatible land uses. (b) Reinforce industrial areas by improving access to energy, water, waste management and telecommunications infrastructure; a skilled population; research and development facilities; transport; storage; and logistics. (c) Ensure local industrial activities are dispersed across the metropolitan area to maintain local employment and, in turn, support other locally dependent economic activities. (d) Assist the clustering of complementary businesses in specialised precincts to allow more effective industrial activity, leading to competitive advantage, particularly the business clusters identified on Map 12. (e) Upgrade and develop innovation precincts and industry clusters. (f) Promote tertiary education establishments and hospitals as the nucleii for related professional and technical services and industries. 98

107 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 4. Promote sustainable industrial practices, such as industrial ecology, and facilitate the co-location of businesses that can share their operations. (a) Promote increased re-use and recycling of waste products and facilitate the commercial recycling of waste streams, including stormwater. (b) Foster cooperation among various industries whereby the waste or by-product of one production process becomes an input to another. (c) Ensure that prevailing environmental conditions support the health and safety of workers within industrial centres. 5. Manage and prevent conflicts between industry and other uses. (a) Protect industrial zones from incompatible activities such as the establishment or intensification of adjacent housing. (b) Ensure incompatible development does not encroach on industrial zones by introducing separation distances and/or buffers and other design measures to manage impacts at both sides of the interface. (c) Locate industrial activities, in particular potentially hazardous industries, away from sensitive land uses such as residential areas. (d) Support the expansion of existing industries outside industry zones, only where it is strategically significant; environmental improvements may be achieved as part of the expansion; and the expansion will not affect surrounding land uses including public health. (e) Ensure industry incorporates noise reduction measures in its design where sensitive land uses are closely located. (f) Minimise conflicts at zone boundaries by locating lower-impact activities towards the edges of industry zones, and higher-impact activities towards the centre. (g) Ensure access arrangements for industries are designed to minimise the impact of freight movement on adjoining areas. (h) Take into account impact on development potential of industries when approving uses on adjacent land. 6. Integrate mineral resource planning with the land use planning system. (a) Protect land and activities (of significance to the state) related to the extraction of mineral resources from encroachment by development that could render the mineral resource use uneconomic. (b) Ensure that extractive industry sites and activities are adequately separated, physically and by management measures, from housing development and other sensitive uses, including incompatible industries. (c) Minimise the negative impact of new mines on water resources, areas of significance for biodiversity, human health and adjoining land uses. 7. Rehabilitate disused mine and quarry sites and progressively rehabilitate existing operations. (a) Ensure the appropriate and progressive rehabilitation of mine sites, including dangerous abandoned mines and quarries. (b) Make safe and protect heritage mines, quarries and sites of geoscientific importance. Associated policy and legislation Environment Protection Authority Act 1993 Environment Protection Authority Separation Distance criteria Global Horizons-Local Initiatives A Framework for SA s Manufacturing Future Beyond Local, Towards: Building South Australia s Export Culture The Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia 99

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109 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.22 Specialised Activity Precincts Specialised Activity Precincts are clusters of specialised activities, industries and/or facilities that are of metropolitan significance. Specialised Activity Precincts, as key metropolitan clusters of education, health, research, technology and aviation activity, play important roles, including the generation of economic benefits, dispersal of knowledge, and service to the community. (See Map 11) Innovation Precincts Constellation SA consists of five discrete innovation alliances between various research, educational and industry organisations. Each organisation has its own expertise and specialised infrastructure, but all share a common purpose in a specific technology and/or industry theme that aligns with South Australia s industry strengths and/or areas of opportunity. Constellation SA will provide greater focus to regional economic development and showcase the state s distinctive capabilities in agriculture; manufacturing and defence; health and medical sciences; bioscience; and natural environmental sciences. Each of the five foundation innovation alliances is headquartered in a precinct where its existing research activity and infrastructure is most concentrated. They also include a network of related research centres, educational institutions, businesses and government organisations spread across metropolitan Adelaide and regional South Australia. The five alliances centre on: Flinders Innovation Precinct The Flinders Innovation Precinct includes Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders Science Park, integrating the major teaching hospital, and its medical research capabilities and the southern region health care facilities. This precinct is recognised for its biotechnology, natural environment, marine and related research activities. Florey Innovation Precinct An intensive concentration of health research and development infrastructure centred on North Terrace and Frome Road, recognised for its life and medical sciences research, as well as the outstanding basic research and teaching capabilities of the universities of Adelaide and South Australia. The Florey Innovation Precinct includes the universities, as well as the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS), Hanson Institute, Child Health Research Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Division of Nutrition and Health. The Florey Innovation Precinct is the centre of an alliance that includes the network of medical research and educational organisations located across the metropolitan area, such as Flinders Medical Centre, Women s and Children s Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Lyell McEwin Hospital. Mawson Innovation Precinct The Mawson Innovation Precinct is recognised for its manufacturing, information and communications technology, defence, automotive and electronics industries. Technology Park at Mawson Lakes accommodates world-competitive technology, education and research facilities, including the science and technology campus of the University of South Australia. The precinct is the centre of an alliance that also includes Edinburgh Parks estate and the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Thebarton Innovation Precinct The Thebarton Innovation Precinct comprises the Thebarton Bioscience Business Incubator and University of Adelaide Research Park, which together provide a focus for biotechnology and biomedical companies, and also expertise in engineering, physical sciences and information and communication technology. This precinct is one of the largest clusters of commercial biomedical companies in Australia. The Thebarton Innovation Precinct will be closely linked with the Florey and Waite Innovation Precincts, as it will provide business support services for both. 101

110 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Waite Innovation Precinct The Waite Innovation Precinct is based around the Waite campus, which co-locates the CSIRO, University of Adelaide, Australian Wine Research Institute and SARDI, and is recognised for its agribusiness, food and natural resources research and development and innovation capability. The infrastructure in each Innovation Precinct will be expanded to include additional features, such as community forums, schools, TAFE campuses, businesses and incubator facilities, to increase the benefits the existing infrastructure already provides to the state. Defence Industry and Technology Precincts South Australia is a location of preference for the Australian defence industry, and is the Asia Pacific regional headquarters and operations of some of the world's leading defence companies. Metropolitan facilities include the DSTO at Edinburgh; the Australian Submarine Corporation (ASC) construction and maintenance site for conventionally powered submarines at Osborne; and a dedicated Defence Technology Precinct at Edinburgh Parks estate adjacent to the DSTO and the RAAF Base Edinburgh. The State Government is developing defence infrastructure at its three defence precincts to further enhance the state s defence industry capability and gain increased defence work. The Osborne Maritime Precinct, Edinburgh Parks Defence Precinct and Technology Park at Mawson Lakes house a number of small-to-medium enterprises as well as the state s major defence companies. The State Government is working towards linking these three precincts with world-class transport systems including road and rail, and also ensuring that the precincts are interconnected electronically with state of the art communications and electronics systems. By linking these precincts, South Australia will have a formidable defence industry capability, drawing from strengths in each of the respective precincts to attract defence related business to the state. Commercial Airports Adelaide s commercial airports are essential to growing the state s prosperity through sustained growth in tourism and export industries. Adelaide and Parafield airports are owned by the Commonwealth Government and leased and operated by private companies. State planning legislation has no jurisdiction over development of Commonwealth land, however Airport Master Plans, prepared by the lessees of the airports and approved by the Commonwealth Government, provide a framework for development on airport land, with five-yearly reviews ensuring the Master Plans evolve over time. Adelaide Airport is an important hub for freight and export industries and aviation-related developments that make a significant contribution to the state s economy. Adelaide Airport is the key gateway for interstate, international and regional visitors to South Australia and to Adelaide and also serves as a base for linking state products with international markets. The airport is also being developed by the lessee as a significant industrial, commercial and employment node within the metropolitan area. Parafield Airport houses South Australia s primary civilian flight training centre and small craft airport, including the University of South Australia s Aviation Academy linked with its nearby Mawson Lakes campus. This airport is also emerging as a significant industrial, commercial and employment node within the northern metropolitan area. 102

111 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies Policies 1. Recognise and strengthen the role and level of specialised activity at key locations within the metropolitan area by creating Specialised Activity Precincts. Designate as Specialised Activity Precincts: (a) the Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders Science Park to recognise the Flinders Innovation Precinct and its role as an important area for health, education, research and technology. (b) the Waite Campus to recognise the Waite Innovation Precinct and strengthen its role as an important research and education centre focused on primary industry and biotechnology. (c) Technology Park and the University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus to recognise their role as part of the Mawson Innovation Precinct and as a key defence industry and technology precinct. (d) the Thebarton Bioscience Business Incubator and University of Adelaide Research Park to recognise the Thebarton Innovation Precinct and strengthen its role as an important research and education centre focused on biotechnology linked with business and industry. (e) the key education, medical and research facilities centred on North Terrace and Frome Road to recognise the Florey Innovation Precinct. (f) the Flinders Medical Centre and the Women s and Children s Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Lyell McEwin Hospital to recognise their role as part of the innovation alliance centred on the Florey Innovation Precinct. (g) Edinburgh Parks estate and the DSTO to recognise their dual role as part of the innovation alliance centred on the Mawson Innovation Precinct and as a key defence industry and technology precinct. (h) the Osborne Maritime Precinct and related areas of Lefevre Peninsula to recognise its role as a key defence industry and technology precinct with a focus on naval shipbuilding and supporting industry. (i) Adelaide Airport to recognise its importance as a location for aviation and export related industry, and promote the development of supporting services and industry. (j) Parafield Airport to recognise and strengthen its role for general aviation and as an education centre focused on aviation and pilot training, and to promote further development of aviation related support industries. 2. Provide a mix of land uses within Specialised Activity Precincts, including commercial, retail and residential where appropriate, which are ancillary to and compatible with the primary land use. (a) Promote medium-density housing that is associated with the primary land use within the Flinders, Waite and Mawson Lakes Specialised Activity Precincts, e.g. student or hospital staff housing, with medium-density housing in surrounding areas where possible and appropriate. (b) Enhance and strengthen the Flinders Specialised Activity Precinct by encouraging the expansion of the existing research facilities, adding related business activity, incorporating a mix of other uses including after hours activities and further housing opportunities, and improving access to and within the precinct. (c) Promote more live near work opportunities at the Mawson Lakes Specialised Activity Precinct by increasing the level of medium-density housing matched to the types of employment activity created. (d) Recognise the Adelaide Airport and Parafield Airport Specialised Activity Precincts as locations for industrial and commercial development complementing the principal aviation role of the airports and the movement of people and/or freight and the storage of freight. (e) Ensure commercial and industrial activity within Specialised Activity Precincts has regard to the amenity of adjacent residential areas. (f) Provide retail development at Adelaide Airport and Parafield Airport Specialised Activity Precincts that either directly supports airport activities or one-off or specialist nature occasional purchases which are not readily accommodated within designated activity centres. (g) Discourage residential development on land associated with the Adelaide Airport and Parafield Airport Specialised Activity Precincts. 103

112 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (h) Require structured, planned development within Specialised Activity Precincts to avoid ribbon type development along main roads. Associated policy and legislation South Australia s Strategic Plan Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia Shaping the Future STI 10 - A 10 Year Vision for Science, Technology and Innovation in South Australia Constellation SA 104

113 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.23 Commercial Uses This topic provides direction on the location of commercial activities, including offices, consulting rooms, personal services establishments, petrol filling stations, motor repair stations, service trade premises, warehouses and business transaction centres. The Strategy focuses many of these uses within activity centres; however, it recognises that a significant amount of this activity currently exists outside activity centres due to market demands. If this is the case, this topic also provides guidance for the location of these activities where they cannot reasonably be located within activity centres. The growth in demand for land for retail activity not in activity centres has continued. Zones to accommodate bulky goods retailing including warehouse style facilities have been created adjacent to or out of centres at Mile End, Woodville, and Marion (Industry/Commercial zone). Adelaide and Parafield Airport Master Plans also provide for some bulky goods retailing and warehousing out of the activity centres. Policies 1. Locate commercial uses in suitable areas in activity centres to limit the expansion of ribbon development. (a) Office development (including large floor plate offices) should be primarily located in activity centres to minimise ribbon development along arterial roads and to provide strong connecting linkages between office development, public transport and residential development. (b) The following guidelines should be taken into account in locating office development: - the Central City Activity Centre should remain the principal focus of high order office activities - positive encouragement should be given to the location of major office facilities in the Central City Activity Centre and regional centres, particularly Elizabeth and Noarlunga - small to medium office developments are encouraged in district centres and neighbourhood/local centres - wherever possible, development along arterial roads should be confined to sites in close proximity to higher-order centres and on roads well served with public transport. 2. Commercial zones or uses proposed outside activity centres should demonstrate that: - they are located within existing nodes or clusters of activity on main roads rather than forming continuous strips or ribbons of development - suitable public transport is available in close proximity, unless it is a type of use unlikely to require public transport due to the nature of the goods - there are no significant adverse traffic impacts on adjoining areas - there is adequate road capacity and the function and safety of the road and footpath are not impaired - they are compatible with the desired character of the area - they do not contribute to the overall number and length of car trips or may lead to a reduction in car use - they will not lead to significant loss of investment in existing activity centres - they complement, or meet deficiencies of existing commercial activities - they have a requirement for a large floor area which is not available in activity centres 3. A limited number of additional sites may be zoned to accommodate bulky goods retail and warehousing uses. (a) Bulky goods retailing and warehousing should generally be established in locations with high traffic volumes, low local amenity, good vehicle accessibility and with minimal impact on surrounding areas. (b) The criteria for commercial uses outside activity centres should be applied. 105

114 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 4. To avoid the loss of housing land to other uses, redevelopment of residential land for offices should be supported only where: - the proposed development is part of a comprehensive transport oriented development which increases housing numbers - the existing residential use is not appropriate on local planning or amenity grounds - the proposed development can act as a buffer between residential and other non-compatible uses. 5. Ensure that commercial uses, particularly offices and other high traffic generating uses, located outside centres, are located or designed to maximise the use of the public transport network, walking and cycling. 6. Site and design commercial uses to incorporate appropriate service vehicle access to minimise the impact on the safety and amenity of the surrounding area. 7. Locate commercial uses which generate freight movement close to freight networks and manage access and movement conflicts to maintain the function and safety of the network. 8. Design commercial uses so they are functional, attractive and consistent with the desired character of the area. 106

115 Chapter 3 Detailed Policies 3.24 Tourism Facilities Creating innovative and sustainable tourism for metropolitan Adelaide and South Australia provides significant employment opportunities. Adelaide s authentic experiences can be enhanced by capitalising on a range of special places and its unique natural and cultural assets. Adelaide s competitive advantage over other Australian cities is its renowned town plan with Parklands surrounding the city; its close proximity to safe metropolitan swimming beaches and the picturesque Adelaide Hills; and the ease of access around the city. Adelaide is also characterised by its heritage architecture, galleries and museums, centres of excellence, restaurants and opportunities for outdoor eating. Having a strong and vibrant city is important to the health of tourism in regional areas. Adelaide is the gateway to many other tourist regions within the state. This creates opportunities to encourage visitors to stay for a few days and explore the city s attractions. Some of Adelaide s special places include North Terrace; the East End; Rundle Mall and the Central Market in the city; Glenelg; Port Adelaide; The Parade at Norwood; and O Connell Street in North Adelaide. Adelaide is also developing an internationally renowned reputation for hosting innovative, well organised, quality festivals and events involving food and wine, theatre and the arts, and world class sports. Attracting festivals and events and the growth of Adelaide s share of the convention market is critical especially in winter if Adelaide is to increase visitor numbers and create a vibrant and colourful city. To enhance Adelaide s tourism appeal it is important to ensure a quality environment; build upon and encourage increased activity within existing special places and assets; and improve the connections between them. This means supporting revitalisation initiatives and providing infrastructure which supports private sector activity and investment in tourism. Policies 1. Create visitor destinations that provide memorable experiences. (a) Ensure that the Central City Activity Centre is a key visitor destination by providing a range of high-quality facilities, including accommodation and convention facilities. (b) Enhance the coastal linear park route and enhance the development of focal points which provide complementary recreational, leisure and interpretative activities. (c) Reinforce Glenelg as a key meeting and gathering place and an accommodation and entertainment hub. (d) Protect Glenelg wharfing facilities for future ferry operations. (e) Reinforce Port Adelaide as a centre for maritime heritage by encouraging a dynamic mix of water-based, environmental, retail and cultural heritage tourism experiences. (f) Strengthen West Beach as one of the coastal linear park focal points and as a family leisure and recreational resort. (g) Establish St Kilda and Port Noarlunga as regional recreation parks with a mix of recreational, leisure and eco-tourism opportunities. 2. Encourage a sense of place to create pleasant and memorable visitor experiences. (a) Enhance key gateway points and passenger routes such as the airport and route to the city, interstate bus and rail terminals and key interstate and regional road links to ensure that visitors first impressions of metropolitan Adelaide are positive. (b) Support the revitalisation of Port Adelaide, North Terrace and the Central Market as special places, while retaining their authentic character. (c) Protect and maintain the attractive landscape character of the McLaren Vale region. (d) Maximise opportunities for protecting and creating vistas and viewpoints at key destinations and along key passenger routes into Adelaide and along coastal and hills drives. 107

116 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide (e) Improve the viability of tourism development through the agglomeration, co-location and connection of cultural institutions, attractions, recreational and sporting facilities. (f) Include tourism objectives in revitalisation projects and initiatives. 3. Conserve and present Adelaide s history and heritage as a tourism feature. (a) Strengthen metropolitan Adelaide s traditional urban village style activity centres by encouraging development which complements their intrinsic character and enhances their vibrancy through a dynamic mix of uses and active frontages. (b) Preserve and showcase valued townscape character elements. (c) Support initiatives that use interpretative techniques to tell Adelaide s story (both in historic and contemporary terms) in places where residents and visitors stop or congregate. (d) Protect the Tjilbruke Dreaming Trail as an important place of Aboriginal cultural and heritage significance. 4. Establish links and connections between features of visitor interest. (a) Enhance drive trails along key routes with infrastructure that increases comfort and convenience and includes signage to connect destinations and key points of visitor interest. (b) Develop green pedestrian and cycle linkages between key activity focal points which can be further enhanced by public art and interpretative techniques. 5. Facilitate the provision of appropriate support infrastructure for tourism. (a) Promote greater integration and connectivity of transport modes and ensure that passenger terminals are functional, attractive, safe and memorable. (b) Enhance key access routes to the outer metropolitan Adelaide region. (c) Encourage specialty accommodation to meet different visitor needs. (d) Enhance metropolitan jetties as recreational and viewing attractions. (e) Develop and maintain appropriately located wharfing and associated facilities to support tourism, fishing and aquaculture industries. 6. Encourage tourism by promoting Adelaide as a sustainable city. (a) Integrate ecologically sustainable development criteria into new tourism initiatives. (b) Encourage rigorous site analysis and an innovative design response for any tourism development in sensitive areas such as heritage, coastal and conservation areas. (c) Promote the development of strategically located eco-tourism opportunities such as at Port Adelaide (Adelaide dolphin sanctuary) and St Kilda (mangroves) with links to the open space framework and the Adelaide Hills. (d) Consider the potential impact of development, including change of use of land, on tourism. 7. Enhance Adelaide as a city readily accessible by people with disabilities. (a) Ensure the appropriate design of tourism facilities to provide for access by people with disabilities. Associated policy and legislation South Australian Tourism Plan The Sustainable Tourism Package Responsible Nature-based Tourism Strategy Cycle Tourism Strategy Wine Tourism Strategy 108

117 Chapter 4 Implementation, Monitoring and Review 4 Implementation, Monitoring and Review 4.1 State Government At the state level, implementation of this Strategy occurs through a number of vehicles but primarily through changes to the Development Plan and related State Government policy. The Strategy is the essential guide to changes in planning policy, and proposed changes are closely monitored to seek consistency with the Strategy. Implementation also occurs through the various activities of State Government agencies. Some of the policies that have been outlined in the Strategy have statewide significance and will require the State Government to take a lead role in their implementation. To achieve this, lead agencies will develop policy in conjunction with other agencies and other relevant stakeholders. There are many opportunities for inter-agency collaboration and some are supported by links in legislation. For instance, the Natural Resources Management Act and the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act require complementary policy documents and regulations. Appendix 1 summarises the relationship between the Development Act 1993 and the Natural Resources Management Act Each government agency undertakes a range of activities that assists in furthering the Strategy. These activities are documented in the Minister for Urban Development and Planning s Report to Parliament on the Planning Strategy, which is tabled in Parliament annually. Changes to Development Plans Some of the strategies that have been outlined here will involve the State Government taking a lead role in developing the policies for inclusion in Development Plans. Following initiation by the Minister, their inclusion in Development Plans will be achieved through Ministerial Plan Amendment Reports (PARs). Where possible this will be coordinated with the Better Development Plans (BDP) program. Policy development and review by state government agencies Government agencies are required to consider the strategic directions established in this Strategy. This will assist them in their internal planning, development of a work program and budgeting. Some strategies in this Planning Strategy require review of the content or implementation of some current government polices and activities. Planning SA will continue to develop a series of land use and development advice documents, including planning policy advice. These documents will be consistent with the broad directions established in the Strategy. The Residential Metropolitan Development Program The effective implementation of this Strategy will be stronger with links to infrastructure planning and provision. These are provided by incorporation of the Residential Metropolitan Development Program (RMDP) and the marrying of policies in the Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia. This RMDP is a significant implementation tool that has been developed to help guide and manage urban development in Adelaide within the policies outlined in this Strategy. It will be reviewed regularly. The program provides information about population projections and the availability of land for residential development in metropolitan Adelaide, taking into account infrastructure capacity. 109

118 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide The program facilitates the provision of infrastructure by: describing the development trends for the region as a context for social and physical infrastructure development providing a forecast of population growth and demand for new housing assessing the demand for, and availability of, residential land identifying a sequence for the release of land for residential development in the short and medium term providing information required for planning so that land which is suitably serviced by infrastructure is available in the right place at the right time coordinating the actions of government agencies to plan and provide infrastructure and human services in a timely and efficient manner offering the opportunity for the land development industry to respond more quickly to meet any changes in demand for residential lots. The Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia has been prepared with the purpose of guiding new infrastructure investment by government and the private sector over the next five to ten years and improving the management and use of the state's existing infrastructure assets. 110

119 Chapter 4 Implementation, Monitoring and Review 4.2 Local Government Local strategic planning Councils are required by the Local Government Act 1999 to apply a strategic planning approach to all their activities. These activities are collectively referred to as strategic management plans and they describe the goals, objectives and vision that councils have for their communities. When they establish their strategic management plans, councils are required to demonstrate their participation and collaboration with other councils and with State and Federal governments by aligning their objectives with the objectives of these other tiers of government. Councils strategic planning process has the potential to link the policy and strategy of the State Government, the needs and aspirations of the regions, and planning at the local level. It is expected that the policies in this Strategy will underpin the strategic management plans prepared by local government. An improved consultative and collaborative planning process involving both the State Government and local governments offers the opportunity to efficiently bring together a wide range of interests to identify, agree and document the key economic, environmental and social strategic planning priorities at the local or regional level, and to identify desirable areas of additional research and investigation relevant to all parties. Collaboration between the State Government and local governments through sharing data and discussing how to best apply state policy at the local level will assist in developing local strategic plans. Existing strategic planning processes can be strengthened by the following proposed actions: Greater integration of councils' strategic management processes with those required by Section 30 of the Development Act 1993 to improve links between budgeting, prioritisation and urban and regional planning. Planning SA will share its data with local government to assist in preparation of these reviews. Conduct of Regional Development Plan reviews. Combining the efforts of a number of councils offers significant benefits such as sharing research, investigation and consultation. Proposal of legislative amendments which require agreement between the Minister and the council on the recommendations of the council s Development Plan review. Where necessary, a program for policy change is identified. The Australian Local Government Association has provided principles for Integrated Local Area Planning which will also assist councils to undertake strategic planning. Development Plans Councils are responsible for the administration of the Development Act 1993 as it relates to the preparation of amendments to Development Plans and development assessment for their areas. However, amendments to Development Plans must be approved by the Minister for Urban Development and Planning. A key role of this Strategy is to guide changes to Development Plans. The Development Act 1993 gives significant responsibility to councils to prepare policy against which development applications are assessed. The policy contained within Development Plans must be reviewed regularly to determine whether it remains appropriate and is consistent with this Strategy. 111

120 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide 4.3 Monitoring and review Monitoring and review play a critical role in ensuring that the planning priorities of this Strategy are realised. They provide a way of identifying the effectiveness of the new policies that have been prepared and recommending amendments where necessary. The framework for this monitoring, review and revision is linked to the South Australia's Strategic Plan and the State of the Environment Report for South Australia. To provide a mechanism for evaluating the Strategy, a series of indicators has been adopted. The first set of indicators is output-based and the second is outcome-based. This iteration of the Strategy does not set targets for new developments. In future years, once baselines for indictors have been established, it is anticipated that where a causal relationship with the Strategy can be identified targets may be set for a given timeframe. Output-based indicators Output-based indicators involve monitoring policies provided in chapter 3. Each year therefore, as part of the Minister for Urban Development and Planning s report to State Parliament on the Planning Strategy, a report is provided on the progress of the implementation of the policies. This includes reporting on the incorporation of policies within this volume into the Development Plans covering Metropolitan Adelaide. Outcome-based indicators Outcome-based indicators measure the state s performance in a range of areas, and can identify trends that can be used to inform future State Government policies and strategies. The outcomebased indicators contained in the Strategy have been prepared within the context of the high level indicators and targets contained within the South Australia's Strategic Plan. The Strategy indicators provide the next level of detail where relevant. At least every five years, the Minister s report will incorporate into its annual reporting requirements, a report on these outcome-based indicators and on changes required to ensure the Strategy meets State Government objectives. The State of the Environment Report (SOE), released every five years, includes a range of indicators that measure the current state, or condition, of our environment, the pressures upon it, and our response to those pressures. If possible a five-year reporting framework for the Strategy will be coordinated with the release of the SOE so that this measuring tool can be employed in measuring the outcomes of the Strategy with particular reference to the Sustainable Settlements indicators of the SOE. Measuring Outcomes Described here are the outcome-based indicators that will be used to measure the performance of the Strategy in relation to the key foundations for a prosperous future: 1. the managed growth of our urban area; 2. greater integration between water planning and land use planning; 3. greater integration between transport planning, energy provision and land use; and 4. integrated waste management. in addition to reporting on the relevant South Australian Strategic Plan and State of the Environment Report indicators. 112

121 Chapter 4 Implementation, Monitoring and Review Managed Growth of Our Urban Area Urban containment seeks to limit the spatial expansion of Adelaide within the Urban Boundary. There is a need to look at new ways to balance the various demands on a finite supply of land. To achieve this, the Strategy identifies locations to accommodate future demands for residential development, economic and employment growth, and the protection of land that is of high agricultural or conservation value. Monitoring Land Supply for Housing For urban containment to be considered successful, an overall decrease in per capita land consumption is needed and a change in trend where the ratio of development of greenfields land to redevelopment in established suburbs is reversed, and redevelopment has the primary role in land supply for housing. As discussed in the preceding Chapters redevelopment must be undertaken within a framework that recognises community values and desired character. Planning SA monitors trends in land supply and demand, with particular reference to the ratio of dwelling replacement, location, uptake and density of urban redevelopment, and the reduction in supply of greenfields land. The orderly development and sequencing of housing in relation to infrastructure provision is also monitored. In preparing the Strategy, redevelopment demolition replacement rates, together with other population trends and forecasting data, have been used to develop the dwelling yields required to house the projected increase in population. For their part, these data have been used to determine the housing yields required over the metropolitan area over the next years. The Metropolitan Adelaide Spatial Plan and the supporting policies have been designed to accommodate estimated housing demand for this timeframe. Forecasts will need to be monitored and considered against the desired patterns of land consumption and dwelling formation. Planning Strategy Indicators Increase in the number of new homes being built on redevelopment sites within metropolitan Adelaide (SOE indicator). Reduce the proportion of greenfield development as compared to redevelopment. Related South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Reduce our ecological footprint to reduce the impact of human settlements and activities within 10 years. (T3.10) Monitoring Housing Affordability South Australia (and Australia) has experienced significant growth in house prices over the last few years, with annual growth rates as at the December quarter ( ) of 16%, 21% ( ) and 26% ( ). Rising housing costs have placed higher pressure on households, particularly low income earners due to reduced housing affordability. With a finite land supply within the urban boundary, it is important that the impacts on housing affordability are monitored. Related South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Halve the number of South Australians experiencing housing stress (people paying more than 25% of their income on rent) within 10 years. (T6.7) Housing Plan Target 15% affordable housing including 5% high need housing in all new significant developments. 113

122 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Monitoring Land Supply for Business and Industry Business and industries take various forms, from small local businesses and home activities to large manufacturing and export related industries. Local businesses support the function of communities and add value to local economies by providing a range of goods and services and fostering employment growth. Large export-related and manufacturing businesses can act as incubators for small business in the supply chain and contribute to the growth of the South Australian economy. South Australia's Strategic Plan contains the objective to increase export growth by placing a strong focus on the protection of strategic industrial land that can accommodate export related industries. Land in proximity to export infrastructure, such as sea ports, airports, freight rail, and intermodal sites is being protected for industrial development. With the release of the Industrial Land Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Planning SA, in conjunction with the relevant agencies and the private sector, will monitor industrial land supply and demand. This requires the regular updating of Planning SA s Industrial Database, which provides detailed information on industrial land supply, analysis of trends and forecasting of industrial land supply. To remain competitive Adelaide needs to have a year supply of zoned, serviced industrial land of suitable size and location. Related South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Treble the value of South Australia s export income to $25 billion by (T1.12) Better the Australian average employment growth rate within 10 years. (T1.1) Protecting Prime Agricultural Land and Land of High Biodiversity Value Urban containment is concerned with the prevention of the further intrusion of development into primary production areas and areas of high biodiversity value. This Strategy seeks to protect the integrity and capacity of natural resources, both internal as well as external to the urban boundary. Planning Strategy Indicators Extent and condition of remnant native vegetation (SOE indicator). Area of land held under protected status (SOE indicator). Related South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Treble the value of South Australia s export income to $25 billion by 2013, including $7.5 billion by 2013 by the food industry meeting the Food Plan target and over $3 billion nationally by the wine industry by (T1.12) Have five well-established corridors linking public and private lands across the state by (T3.4) Lose no species. (T3.8) Investment in Infrastructure and Services Urban containment seeks to reduce the investment required for infrastructure by making better use of existing services and infrastructure within existing areas and reducing the need to provide new services to greenfield development on the fringe. The Strategy incorporates the results of the Residential Metropolitan Development Program which enables coordination of land release and infrastructure provision to accommodate projected population growth. 114

123 Chapter 4 Implementation, Monitoring and Review Planning Strategy Indicators (South Australia's Strategic Plan Indicator) State and Local Government spending on infrastructure as a percentage of GSP (compared with Australia/GDP) Related South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Increase investment in strategic areas of infrastructure, such as transport, ports and energy to support and achieve the targets in the South Australia's Strategic Plan. (T.16) Greater integration between water planning and land use planning This Strategy takes a whole of water-cycle approach to water use. This includes water conservation, water use efficiency and augmenting existing potable supplies (traditionally provided by SA Water) with local supplies, such as rainwater, stormwater and treated wastewater and grey water. The Strategy particularly seeks to promote water sensitive urban design principles into the planning and design stages of development to reduce water use and maximise opportunities for re-use. The effectiveness of these strategies in reducing water consumption will be measured. Planning Strategy Indicators The percentage of total water consumption from alternative water supplies such as rainwater, stormwater and treated wastewater and grey water (collected by SA Water, and described in Water Proofing Adelaide Strategy (DWLBC)). Percentage reduction in potable water consumption per capita (SA Water). South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Increase environmental flows by 500 GL in the Murray-Darling and major tributaries by 2008 as a first step towards improving sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, with a longer-term target to reach 1500 GL by (T3.1) Greater integration between transport planning, energy provision and land use The Strategy encourages the design and layout of development to minimise energy use and facilitate the use of renewable energy sources. The integration of transport and land use provides one way of reducing energy use, but also has a range of other positive outcomes for communities, including: improved air quality reduced greenhouse gas emissions greater accessibility for communities better use of existing infrastructure cost savings for business and industry through improvements to transport logistics improved health due to greater participation in walking and cycling. Indicators have been developed that address some of these key outcomes. In particular, the Environment Protection Authority already measures a range of environmental parameters (including air quality measures) that has been included below. Transport models used by the government have been included to demonstrate a change in trends relating to peak hour commuter travel time and the mode of journey to work. 115

124 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide A reduction of energy used by homes and businesses is also a government priority. There are a number of measures selected below that seek to identify changes in behaviour relating to energy use. Reduction of energy consumption in housing can be achieved by a range of measures including orientation, window shading, eaves and verandahs and insulation. Other plans and strategies of government also monitor the use of energy and its impacts. Planning Strategy Indicators Kg of nitrogen dioxide per household per year (DETI) Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide per household per year (DTEI) Mode of journey to work (DTEI) Net number of new dwellings developed within 500 metres of designated public transport stops South Australia's Strategic Plan Target Double the use of public transport to 10% of weekday travel by (T3.9) Achieve the Kyoto target during the first commitment period ( ). (T3.3) Reduce energy consumption in Government buildings by 25% within 10 years and lead Australia in wind and solar power generation within 10 years. (T3.2) Reduce our ecological footprint to reduce the impact of human settlements and activities within 10 years. (T3.10) Exceed the Australian average for participation in sport and physical activity within 10 years. (T2.7) Integrated Waste Management The State Government is committed to sustainable waste management systems based upon the Waste Management Hierarchy. The Strategy includes mechanisms encouraging waste reduction, opportunities for resource recovery and the clustering of facilities to increase efficiencies. Planning Strategy Indicators (South Australia's Strategic Plan Indicator) Reduce waste to landfill by 25% within 10 years. (T3.11) 116

125 Glossary Glossary Definition Acid sulphate soils Activity centres Adaptable Housing Affordable housing Aquifer Aquifer storage recovery (ASR) Areas of biological significance Alternative energy supplies B-double Biodiversity Biodiversity corridors Bioregion Acid sulphate soils are the common name given to soils containing iron sulphides. When the iron sulphides are exposed to the air by excavation works they produce sulphuric acid which acidifies soil water, groundwater and surface waters. This acidification can damage the environment severely by reducing or eliminating plant growth and fish and aquatic life. It also corrodes concrete, iron, steel and certain aluminium alloys. Activity centres are clusters of various kinds of activities like retail, civic, administrative, educational, entertainment and residential functions. They range in size and intensity of use from local neighbourhood strip centres to major regional centres with internalised malls. Four types of activity centres are identified: Central City Activity Centre, regional activity centre, neighbourhood activity centre and local activity centre. The defining characteristics of these centres are provided in the relevant topic Utilising good design to enable a house to be adapted as required for use by everybody irrespective of their age, level of mobility or condition of health. Affordable housing is housing which is appropriate to the needs of households with low and moderate incomes and which consumes a proportion of household income that leaves households with sufficient money to meet other basic costs such as food, clothing, healthcare and education. An underground layer of rock or sediment which holds water and allows water to percolate through. This is the process of injecting water into a suitable underground aquifer for storage and later re-use. Contain significant biological features. Significant biological features include biodiversity of particular significance, such as endemic, threatened and isolated populations of species, their habitats, and the communities and ecosystems that they form. Alternative energy supplies include those options that are more sustainable than conventional energy supplies as they: have high efficiencies, such as co-generation (allows production of electricity and heat in a single process) use renewable fuels including the sun, wind and biomass use alternative fuels such as waste or landfill gas. These types of energy supply solutions offer greater energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, have the potential to lower energy costs for industry, improve local supply reliability and reduce need for network upgrades. 'B-Double' means a truck combination consisting of a prime mover towing two semi-trailers. The variety of life in all its forms and at all levels of organisation, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes through which genes, species and ecosystems interact with one another and with their environment. The more variety a region or site contains, the more diverse it is. Corridors to link areas of biodiversity significance such as the Adelaide Hills to the Coast. They facilitate the movement of species, individuals and genes. Ideally, the linkages incorporate areas of existing habitat. Areas within the marine and land environments with distinctive patterns of biodiversity. Broadacre/Broadhectare Brownfield development Buffers Bulky goods retail outlets Catchment area Development on sites that have previously been used for urban land uses. These are the areas surrounding environmentally sensitive areas, and are managed for a combination of biodiversity conservation objectives as well as other resource management activities. They may also be areas between potentially incompatible land uses such as rural and residential, and are managed to minimise impact on both resource productivity and amenity. Larger premises used primarily for the sale of goods and items which are predominantly of a size, shape or weight as to require an extensive area for handling, storage or display. The land area contributing surface water to the flow in a watercourse at a specific location. 117

126 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Business clusters Central Activities Centre Community facilities Comparison goods Convenience goods Core areas Development Plan reviews ( Section 30 reviews) Development Plan Ecological community Ecological processes Ecologically sustainable development (ESD) Ecosystem Ecosystem services Eco-tourism Edge effects Environmental water requirement Employment lands Estuary Factory outlet Business clusters are geographically proximate groups of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities. They form over time and draw on shared infrastructure and on an available pool of skilled workers. Adelaide s largest commercial centre with the greatest variety of uses and functions and the most intense concentration of development. Facilities provided either by government or non-government agencies for the benefit of, and use of, the community (such as schools, hospitals local halls, etc). Other goods not classified as convenience goods. Broadly defined as goods required on a regular basis e.g. food, drinks, bread, milk etc. These are areas of native habitat that should be managed for conservation. Such areas should be large enough to maintain viable populations of species and ecological communities. Development Plan reviews provide an important opportunity for Councils to ensure the entire Development Plan is relevant and appropriate, both in terms of the State s Metropolitan Planning Strategy and local strategic directions. While an individual Plan Amendment Report often deals with particular issues (although they can also amend an entire Development Plan), Development Plan reviews help to ensure that a holistic approach is taken to resolving planning issues and problems. Development Plans should seek to promote the provisions of the Planning Strategy and may set out to include planning or development objectives or principles. It is the principal document in South Australia used to assess development. A characteristic suite of interacting species that are adapted to particular environmental features. Processes which play an essential part in maintaining ecosystem integrity. Four fundamental processes are: the cycling of water, the cycling of nutrients, the flow of energy and biological interactions. Defined by the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development (1992) as: Using, conserving and enhancing the community s resources so that ecological processes on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life now and in the future can be increased. ESD encompasses those activities that meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal and micro-organism communities and the associated nonliving environment interacting as a system. Ecological processes that provide services essential to sustaining people and their societies. An important feature of these services is that they are free and irreplaceable. Tourism that has as its focus, nature-related, non-consuming activities or experiences that help people appreciate and understand ecosystems and their conservation. The edge effect is a term used to describe the various consequences (such as weed infestations and human impacts) on vegetation and wildlife, which occur as a result of one type of use sharing a border with another. These edges may be natural, such as the edge of a forest grading into woodland, or an edge can be a human-made one, such as pasture next to forest or a road through a forest. An environmental water requirement or environmental flow is any managed change in a river flow pattern intended to maintain or improve river health. Environmental flows can be achieved through: making the best use of the water currently available to the environment saving water lost in channels and other distribution systems and redirecting it to the environment reducing the amount of water removed from the river for human use. Concentrated areas where people are employed on a full- or part-time basis in a wide range of employment industry categories including: agriculture, mining, electricity, construction and wholesaling; communication, finance, property, government, cultural and personal services, education, health and community services, manufacturing; and retailing, accommodation, cafes and restaurants. A partially enclosed coastal body of water that is permanently, periodically, intermittently or occasionally open to the sea within which there is a measurable variation in salinity due to the mixture of seawater with water derived from or under the land. (refer to the NRM Act 2004) Retail businesses specialising in the sale of manufacturers products direct to the public. 118

127 Glossary Floodplains Freight corridors Greenfield development Greenhouse gas / greenhouse effect Groundwater Habitat Health impact assessment (HIA) Indigenous vegetation or plant species Industrial ecology Intermodal Linkage areas Local heritage places Locally indigenous species Low income households Marine protected area Marine plans Mini major Level land along the course of a river formed by the deposition of sediment during periodic floods. Floodplains contain such features as levees, backswamps, delta plains, and oxbow lakes and may be extensive. Floodplains are generally very fertile, thus making them attractive agricultural lands Road or rail corridors for the movement of freight. Development on land that has not previously been developed for urban land uses. A gas that has strong capabilities to absorb long-wave energy in the atmosphere and reradiate it, thereby contributing to the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide) are a natural part of the atmosphere. They trap the sun's warmth, and maintain the Earth's surface temperature at a level necessary to support life. Human actions are increasing the concentrations of these gases that trap more heat and change the climate. This is the enhanced greenhouse effect. It is predicted that the enhanced greenhouse effect will cause climate change including an average temperature increases in the north of South Australia of between 2 and 6 o C (slightly less along the coast) by 2070, less rainfall across most of the State and increased frequency of droughts. This will have substantial impacts on agricultural and environmental systems. To minimise the impact of the enhanced greenhouse effect we need to significantly reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. Groundwater is water occurring naturally below ground level in an aquifer or water pumped, diverted or released into an aquifer for storage underground. The physical and biological components of the environment used by an individual, a population, a species, or a group of species. This concept encompasses biological features such as vegetation communities, as well as physical features such as wetlands and creeks. The process of estimating the potential impact of chemical, biological, physical or social agents on a specified human population system under a specific set of conditions for a certain timeframe. Any plant species that would have been found growing at the site prior to settlement and has been propagated from a local seed source. One of the key objectives of industrial ecology is to limit the production of waste. Instead of waste, residual matter is repeatedly consumed with an emphasis on considering the total life-cycle of products and services, including the path through resource extraction, processing, manufacturing, marketing and distribution, top recovery and disposal. It involves rethinking conventional methods to achieve smarter production, processes and products to achieve sustainable production. The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, which uses successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods themselves in changing modes. By extension, the term intermodality has been used to describe a system of transport whereby two or more modes of transport are used to transport the same loading unit or truck in an integrated manner, without loading or unloading, in a door-to-door transport chain. Linkage areas are necessary for landscape connectivity, facilitation the movement of species, individuals and genes. Ideally, linkages are areas of existing habitat that can be managed and restored. Examples may include road reserves, watercourses and developed land. A local heritage place includes buildings, structures, ruins, sites, trees, landscapes, subdivisions and parks individually or in groups, in single or multiple ownerships that are identified as items of local heritage significance within a development plan. The Development Act 1993 sets out criteria for the listing of heritage places within Development Plans. Species grown from seed collected from naturally occurring areas of native vegetation on the property of similar soil type, slope and aspect to the revegetation land. Should there be no such areas on the property species should be grown from seed collected from sites of similar soil type, slope and aspect within 10 kilometres to the revegetation land. Those households in the lowest 40 percent of income distribution are deemed to be low-income. Any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain, together with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. In February 2001, the State Government approved the preparation of a pilot Marine Plan for Spencer Gulf. This forms part of a broader strategy to develop a Marine Planning Framework for the State's waters. This strategy calls for an ecosystem-based management approach for the ecologically sustainable use of the marine environment. Small outlet of a major retailing chain. 119

128 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Mixed uses MOSS Native vegetation Neighbourhoods Neighbourhood character Office On-site disposal of stormwater Organic waste Passive solar design Photovoltaic Physical Infrastructure Plan Amendment Report Regulated trees Remnant native vegetation Renewable energy Riparian areas Sea level rise Mixed uses include a combination of major land use types, such as residential, retail, office, commercial, civic and light industrial. The mix of uses can be both vertical and horizontal, but not necessarily in the same building or site. Centres, transit nodes, the areas surrounding major employment nodes and parts of the city centre and urban regeneration areas are considered to be ideal locations for mixed use development. The Metropolitan Open Space System (MOSS) is a State Government program to provide a regional system of interconnected open space (e.g. coastal areas, watercourses linking the coast and hills environments) to be set aside for existing and future generations. Native vegetation includes naturally occurring local native plants. It covers the full range of native species, from tall trees to small ground covers, native grasses, wetland plants, such as reeds and rushes, and marine plants and all vegetation covered under the Native Vegetation Act. The plants may comprise natural bushland or they may be isolated plants in a modified setting, such as single trees amid pasture. Neighbourhoods are the physical and social expression of community and its sustaining infrastructure. The character of a particular area resulting from the land uses which are carried out in the area, the appearance of buildings, streetscapes and public and private open spaces, the intensity of development and the scale of operation of such development. Building or space used for administrative, clerical, technical, professional or other like business activity. Wastewater and washdown water from many small and diffuse sources currently drain into the stormwater system and that combination carries a large pollution load directly into our waterways and oceans. While litter and rubbish are usually the most visible pollutants, contaminants such as oil and grease, sediments and residual chemicals can also have a significant pollution impact. Reducing, and where possible, eliminating sources of pollution before they enter our waterways, is more effective than attempting to treat the downstream effects. Organic waste is any surplus unwanted material, which is comprised solely of animal or vegetable matter. In waste management terms this definition is restricted to: biodegradable, compostable wastes of plant or animal origin but excluding plastic, rubber, oil and other hydrocarbons. Passive solar design makes the best use of the sun's energy. Building design needs to be suited to the climate so would be different in the cooler hills environment from on the plains. A general rule is northfacing windows that let the low winter sun into day living areas so warmth is captured and re-radiated, but with eaves and window coverings that stop the high summer sun from entering the house and access for natural breezes. This will help to make the house cooler during summer and warmer during winter. A well-designed passive solar house is a comfortable temperature year round, makes good use of natural light and requires significantly less energy than a conventional house. Therefore it will create fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Design features that need to be considered include: house siting and orientation, access for natural breezes, fans, type and location of windows, shading, insulation, thermal mass and colour of building and roof materials. Photovoltaics (PV) are solar cells that absorb sunlight and convert it directly into electricity. PV cells are very thin rectangular wafers, typically made of silicon. Roads, energy, stormwater, wastewater (including sewer), telecommunications and water supply infrastructure. Plan Amendment Reports (PARs) are the statutory documents used for creating or amending planning policy within the Development Plan. Regulated trees include all exotic and native trees with a trunk circumference of 2 metres or greater, or in the case of trees with multiple trunks, those with trunks with a total circumference of greater than 2 metres or more and an average circumference of 625 millimetres or more. All measurements are taken at 1 metre above natural ground level. Small areas of native plant communities that are found in otherwise cleared landscapes. Sources of energy that are replaceable or non-depletable within a reasonable time frame, such as solar, wind, biomass and hydro-energy are usually classified as renewable. The environmental zone between land and water that is influenced by the interaction between the two. Sea level rise is predicted to be one of the impacts of climate change. As the Earth's surface warms, the oceans slowly absorb heat and expand causing the sea level to rise. This thermal expansion of the ocean will be a major contributor to sea level rise over the very long term (centuries). Melting of nonpolar glaciers is also expected to contribute to rising sea levels over the next century. 120

129 Glossary Separation distances Social inclusion Social housing Social infrastructure State Heritage Register Storm surges Stormwater detention Stormwater retention Strategic management plans Structure plan Transit-oriented development Transit node Transport interchange Urban boundary Urban infill Urban regeneration Value adding Walkable distance Wastewater Desired separation distance between land uses and industry are provided in the Environment Protection Authority s Separation Distance Criteria. The separation distances are intended to address potential conflicts between residential and other sensitive land uses and industry due to industrial emissions such as particulates, odours and noise. Drawing on our community s shared values and aspirations to achieve a sustainable future through the elimination of all forms of unlawful discrimination and the promotion of equality of opportunity and the means to participate for all citizens. Publicly funded housing stock which is provided to assist those individuals and households considered to be in housing need. Social infrastructure includes those facilities and services may include primary and secondary schools, hospitals, libraries, public transport, police and emergency services. The State Heritage Register is a list of places of heritage value to the State. Places are entered in the register by the State Heritage Authority, an eight-member body established under the provisions of the Heritage Act 1993, acting on advice from the Heritage Branch. The increase in coastal water level caused by the effects of storms. Storm surge consists of two components: the increase in water level caused by the reduction in barometric pressure (barometric setup) and the increase in water level caused by the action of wind blowing over the sea surface (wind setup). Stormwater detention is the practice of temporarily storing stormwater run-off generated within a site, so as to restrict the discharge leaving the site to a pre-determined rate. Stormwater retention is the practice of inhibiting the release of stormwater run-off into existing infrastructure through the implementation of on-site soakage devices which retain the stormwater runoff on-site. The run-off is absorbed into, and percolates through, the underlying soil strata. The Local Government Act 1999 requires Councils to apply a strategic approach in all actions it undertakes through the preparation of strategic management plans. These plans articulate Council goals and objectives and the vision for the community and are intended to complement the Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide. A planning tool that sets out in broad terms an integrated vision for the future development of an area. Any development undertaken within walking distance of public transport to improve accessibility to it or its attractiveness. In general higher density development, often with a mix of residential, retail, commercial and civic development, may be appropriate around public transport. Any bus or tram stop or railway station. A place where people change between modes of transport, for example, from train to bus or bus to bus.. The urban boundary refers to the defined outward limit of urban development in metropolitan Adelaide. It has a statutory definition in the Development Plan. (Refer to the Urban Boundary for Metropolitan Adelaide PAR by the Minister for Urban Development and planning 20 March 2003) Urban infill is the development of vacant or underutilised sites or the redevelopment of existing urban forms within the urban boundary, The revitalisation of specific areas or regions to relieve social and economic areas of disadvantage and/or improve physically degraded housing environments. Rather than the spot clearance and uncoordinated and piecemeal replacement of individual buildings, urban regeneration requires a more comprehensive approach to the redevelopment of suburbs or localities. The partial or complete processing of raw primary produce into a form that is more valuable than the un-processed form. Value-adding processes include transformations such as: milk to butter, cream and cheese; wine grapes to juice and wine; grains to flour; fruit and vegetables to juices and dried products; meat to smallgoods etc. A walkable distance is up to 400 or 800 metres depending on the destination and purpose of the trip, mobility of the person and walkability of the environment. Wastewater is water which has been used for some purpose and would normally be treated or discarded as it often contains significant quantities of pollutants. There is a growing momentum favouring re-use of this water source where appropriate. 121

130 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Water-sensitive urban design Watercourse Wetlands Whole of water cycle approach The aim of WSUD is to ensure development is designed, constructed and maintained to minimise negative impacts of urban development on natural hydrological regimes and water quality while minimising water consumption and maximising opportunities for water re-use. This may include using roof runoff for toilet flushing, reducing hard surfaces and increasing permeable surfaces to reduce stormwater runoff and using treated stormwater for irrigation purposes. Watercourses are rivers, creeks or other natural watercourse (whether modified or not) in which water is contained or flows whether permanently or from time to time and includes dams, reservoirs and lakes (refer to the NRM Act 2004) Swamps, billabongs, lakes, salt marshes, mudflats, mangrove forests and virtually any land which is regularly or intermittently inundated with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salty, including areas of marine water. The integrated management of all components of the water cycle within urban areas (surface water, groundwater, water supply and recycled wastewater) and the landscape to secure a range of social, economic and environmental benefits. 122

131 Bibliography Bibliography Capital City Committee (2002) Adelaide Green City, Adelaide. CSIRO Atmospheric Research (in press) Report on Climate Change in South Australia: Assessment of Climate Change, Impacts and Possible Adaptation Strategies Relevant to South Australia. (Authors: KL McInnes, R Suppiah, PH Whetton, KJ Hennessy & RN Jones), Canberra. Commonwealth of Australia (1992) National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development, Canberra. Department for Environment and Heritage (2003) Future Directions for the South Australian Greenhouse Plan Taking the Heat out of Greenhouse, unpublished draft, Adelaide. Department for Environment and Heritage (2003) NatureLinks, Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Department for Environment and Heritage & Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (2003) Wetland Strategy for South Australia, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide. Department for Environment and Heritage (2003) Heritage Directions: A Future for Built Heritage In South Australia, Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Department for Water Resources (2000) State Water Plan, volume 1: Policies for a Sustainable Future, Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Department for Water Resources (2000) State Water Plan, volume 2: South Australia s Water Resources, Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Economic Development Board (2003) A Framework for Economic Development in South Australia, EDB, Adelaide. Ecologically Sustainable Development Steering Committee (1992) National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development in South Australia. Environment Australia (2003) Biodiversity: The Toolbox, (view date: 27 April 2004) Environment Protection Authority SA (1999) Stormwater Pollution Prevention Code of Practice for the Building and Construction Industry, March, Adelaide. Environment Protection Authority SA (1997) Stormwater Pollution Prevention Code of Practice for the Community, September, Adelaide. Environment Protection Authority SA (1997) Stormwater Pollution Prevention Code of Practice for Local, State and Federal Government, November, Adelaide. Environment Protection Authority (2003) The State of Our Environment: State of the Environment Report for South Australia, Adelaide. Florida R. (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class And How It s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, Basic Books, New York. 123

132 Planning Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide Government of South Australia (1999) State Water Plan. South Australia: Policies for a Sustainable Future, volume 1, draft for comment, October, Adelaide. Government of South Australia (2001) South Australia: Reducing the Greenhouse Effect, Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide. Government of South Australia (2003) Draft South Australia s Transport Plan: Towards a Sustainable Future, Adelaide. Government of South Australia (2004) South Australia's Strategic Plan, Creating Opportunity. Government of South Australia (2005) The Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia. Girardet, Herbert (2003) Creating a Sustainable Adelaide, Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Marine and Estuarine Steering Committee (1998) Our Seas & Coast: A Marine & Estuarine Strategy for South Australia, Gillingham Print, Adelaide. Market Equity (2003) Adelaide s Comparative Advantage, A report for Planning SA, Adelaide. Minister for Transport and Urban Planning (1999) A Better Place to Live: Revitalising Urban Adelaide: A Green Paper on Urban Regeneration, Adelaide. Mount Lofty Ranges Interim INRM Group (2003) Integrated Resource Management Plan for the Mount Lofty Ranges and Greater Adelaide Region, Adelaide. Mount Lofty Ranges INRM Group (2002) INRM Plan for the Mount Lofty Ranges and Greater Adelaide Region, draft for consultation, Adelaide. Patawalonga Catchment Water Management Board (2002) Patawalonga Catchment Water Management Plan, Adelaide. Primary Industry and Resources SA (2001) State Dryland Salinity Strategy and Directions for Managing Salinity in South Australia, Adelaide. SA Housing Trust (2002) Strategic Plan , Adelaide. SA Housing Trust (2002) Strategic Asset Management Plan , Adelaide. South Australian Coast Protection Board (2003) Coastline: A Strategy for Implementing CPB Policies on Coastal Acid Sulphate Soils in South Australia, Adelaide. South Australian Tourism Commission (2002) South Australian Tourism Plan : Inspiring Partnerships for Sustainable Tourism, Adelaide. Turner, M.S. (2001) Conserving Adelaide s Biodiversity: Resources, Urban Forest Biodiversity Program, Adelaide. Yencken, D. & Wilkinson, D. (2000) Resetting the Compass. Australia s Journey Towards Sustainability, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. 124

133 Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1 State Legislative Natural Resource Management/Development Framework 125