IEA HPP Annex 40 N54. IEA HPP Annex 40. Swiss contribution. Durch Bild ersetzen, Farbe des Balkens frei wählbar (Grösse und Position beibehalten)

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1 IEA HPP Annex 40 N54 IEA HPP Annex 40 Swiss contribution Durch Bild ersetzen, Farbe des Balkens frei wählbar (Grösse und Position beibehalten)

2 Contents Update on state-of-the-art System configuration for office buildings and residential buildings Modelling of unglazed collector and office room SCL Collector measurements 2

3 Swiss MINERGIE-A Label Zero operation energy building Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Certification requirements Building envelope losses must not exceed 90% of legal requirement ( 50 kwh/(m 2 a)) Weighted delivered energy metric = 0 kwh/(m 2 a) Weighted delivered energy must be compensated with on-site renewable generation 15 kwh/(m 2 a) storable biomass can be substracted => also concepts with solar thermal systems and wood heating possible Q H,nd Q 3.6 V,rvd / η Q Embodied Energy < 50 kwh/(m 2 a) f MIN gen W,nd / η On the way to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) In highly efficient buildings embodied energy may be in the same size as operational energy Currently relatively high limit, all certified buildings are below the limit f MIN gen + E CV,in E 3.6 PV,out f MIN = 0 3 C. Wemhoener, Kick-off meeting Annex 40, July 2012, Rapperswil

4 MINERGIE -requirements Source: MINERGIE 4

5 MINERGIE -labels Typical values Source: MINERGIE 5

6 Evaluation MINERGIE-A Building envelope on MINERGIE-P level Most MINERGIE-A certified building reach passive building envelope New sample with 125 evaluated buildings confirm the good building envelopes Source: Hall 6

7 Evaluation MINERGIE-A Building envelope on MINERGIE-P level Most MINERGIE-A certified buildings reach passive building envelope on average 65% of the legal requirement (requirement MINERGIE-P 60%) Sample with 216 evaluated buildings confirm the good building envelopes Source: Hall 7

8 Evaluation MINERGIE-A PV-Dominating building technology Average demand to weighted-out is 29 kwh/(m 2 a) in MINERGIE-A buildings Average installed peak power solar PV is 5.5 kw ±3 kw Only few systems use biomass Source: Hall 8

9 Evaluation MINERGIE-A Building envelope on MINERGIE-P level Average surplus for net zero energy balance of realized MINERGIE-A 30% Range [0-230%] PV size about 10-20% of the heated floor area to fulfill the net zero energy balance Source: Hall 9

10 Evaluation MINERGIE-A System technology: PV and Heat pump In MINERGIE-A certified building heat pumps are the dominating system technology sample of 216 buildings 172 single family houses (SFH), 44 multi-family houses (MFH): 44 Fraction heat pump: SFH SH 89%, DHW: 85%, MFH SH: 91%, DHW: 80% Source: based on Hall (2013) 10

11 Developments MINERGIE-A Building label introduced in March 2011 Up to now certification only for residential buildings 318 applications, currently 240 MINERGIE-A buildings in certification Extension to office buildings planned for the end of 2013 Currently no electricity of appliances, but extension under discussion Additional criteria for load match in discussion, as well Source: MINERGIE 11

12 National project - AKTIVA Problem: Small to middle sized office buildings (2-5 storeys) in Switzerland Cooling demand, low heating and domestic hot water demand More restrictive cantonal directives: Covering the heating and DHW demand by solar energy gets mandatory Motivation: Integrated system configuration for space heating, DHW and space cooling 12

13 Heating with collector source 13 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

14 Direct heating with collector 14 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

15 Simultaneous heating and cooling 15 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

16 Cooling with heat pump 16 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

17 Passive cooling with collector 17 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

18 Collector Model Model according to EN :2006 Top-Down Approach With parameters from the static collector test (η 0, b 1, b 2, b u ) Considered condensation Variable Nodes for calculation thermal model EN Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

19 Collector Model 19 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

20 Collector Model Calculation of surface-temperature with iteration T surface, u emission and u convection are interdependent q emission q int u emission -1 T sky T Fluid u int -1 T surface u konvektion -1 T amb q convection Source: Stegmann, Bertram, Rockendorf, Janssen; Institut für Solarenergieforschung GmbH Calculated as described in the publication Modell eines unverglasten photovoltaisch-thermischen Kollektors of the ISFH 20 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

21 Collector Model 21 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

22 Collector Model Next Step Validation of the model with measured data of the «Institutam Bau» 22 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

23 Building Simulation Standard load profiles Comparisionof standards SIA 2024 and DIN V Individual office, open plan office, meeting room and server room 23 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

24 Building Simulation Standard load profiles Created Matlab/Simulink templates Can be assembled for an office block walls ceiling TABS Office block load profiles Source: Matlab/Simulink, Toolbox Carnot 24 Reto Kluser, Carsten Wemhöner, 3rd Annex 40 meeting, Oktober 2013

25 Measurements of unglazed collectors Collector testing Project partner: Energie Solaire SA, Valais, CH Manufacturer of unglazed collectors Only unglazed collectors with weather proof selective coating Tests of 3 unglazed absorbers with different coatings (ε 1 = 15%, ε 2 = 25-30%, ε 3 = 95%) Question: Which coating provides the maximal total energy (heating and cooling)? 25

26 Absorption / Emission Heating: Absorption (Visible Light) Cooling: Emission (Infrared) Problem: Heating Cooling Selective absorbers optimized for heating are not suitable for cooling 26

27 Test Rig Boundary conditions On the roof of the machinery hall of the FHNW Orientation: south Inclination: 0 to 90 Fluid circulating: 29% Ethylene glycol Volume flow: 40 l/(h.m 2 ) Aperture area of one collector: 1.72 m 2 Equipment Pt100, PMG Aquametro Pyranometer CMP3 Kipp&Zonen Pyrgeometer CGR3 Kipp&Zonen 27

28 Test Rig -System Control Lab (SCL) Building and Heat Emission System Emulator Energy Management Vertical Borehole Heat Exchanger Emulator Solar Collector Emulator 28

29 Test facility for solar collectors Measurement categories enthalpy balance coll in-out for heating or cooling Weather conditions: Air temperature, rel. humidity Wind speed and direction Rain intensity Atmospheric conditions: Global radiation Long wave radiation sky temperature 29

30 Heating- and Cooling power Clear sky T in Absorber = 25 C 30

31 Heating- and Cooling energy Clear sky T in Absorber = 25 C 31

32 Preliminary results Max. Total Energy delivers the black body emitter (ε = 95%) Selective Collector (ε = 15%): Max power heating, lowest power cooling Next steps Further measurement cycles in spring/summer on new SCL + facility on campus Muttenz 32

33 Further work Evaluation of different coatings Simulation work to check degree of coverage of collector Design of system components Measurement of ice-storage and emulated system interaction Questions? Institut Energie am Bau