Passive House: Overview

Transcription

1 Passive House: Overview Wexford Local Development Maurice Falvey MosArt Passive House Academy 3,000 BC

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3 Increasing energy standards... Conventional energy standard (65kWh/m 2 /year for space heating) Low energy (40kWh/m 2 /year for space heating) Passive House (15kWh/m 2 /year for space heating) 2013 / 16 Carbon Neutral (on-site production of sufficient renewable electricity to cover all energy needs)

4 What is the Passive House standard? Passive House is the world s leading energy efficiency standard... The building mostly heats and cools itself, hence passive A Passive House is one in which a healthy and comfortable interior climate can be maintained with only a back-up heating system It s more than a 20 year old concept.

5 Don t be fooled by the name... Passivhaus Passive House Passive House House Passive House School Passive House Apartments Passive House Factory Passive House Offices Passive House Church

6 Out of the Blue! MosArt s / Ireland s 1 st Certified Passive House

7 Externally insulated concrete shell, U-value of 0.10 W/m 2 K

8 Ground Floor First Floor

9 Incredible comfort in all weather - even with floor to ceiling glazing

10 365m 2 (4,000 ft 2 ) costing just 200 Euro per year for heating

11 how does a passive house work? This image shows the principal behind that of the Passiv Haus. It is essentially that all of the losses can be minimised to remove the need for the red heating part of the chart. With these heat losses minimised, the internal heat sources and the solar gain could in essence cover the heating requirements (Feist, 2009).

12 Advantages of the Passive House Standard Significant saving on heating costs Whole house high thermal comfort Healthy indoor environment Extended building life Excellent sound proofing Reduced clutter (no need for radiators) Easily upgradable to net-zero energy

13 Sustainable Energy Ireland: Passive House Guidelines - drafted by MosArt Residential New Build 2008 Residential Retrofit 2009 Non-Domestic 2010

14 Passive House criteria Ventilation with 75 % heat recovery Electricity demand max Wh/m³ Heat protection: U 0.15 W/(m²K) U w 0.8 W/(m²K) thermal bridge-free Outdoor air Exhaust air Triple-glazing U g 0.8 W/(m²K) g-value % Airtightness: n /h Extract air Supply air Heating energy demand 15 kwh/(m²a) or Building heating load 10 W/m² Useful cooling demand 15 kwh/(m²a) Primary energy demand 120 kwh/(m²a) Building airtightness 0.6 /h Excess temperature frequency 10 % Background illustration: Grenz /Rasch&Partner Author: PHD

15 PHPP Software Passive House Planning Package The essential Passive House Design Tool 20,000 + Projects (residential and commercial) Comfort, health, simplicity, cost effective

16 Passive House Schematic Composition Maximise Solar gains fresh air thermal insulation extract air filter exhaust air supply air ventilation with heat recovery avoid thermal bridge effects air tight construction

17 Mechanical heat recovery ventilation system

18 Where does the heat come from? 40% 60% passive solar gains 10% 40% Back-up heating system 20% 30% Internal heat gains

19 Solar panels: 7.5m 2 flat plate with 500 litre storage tank cover 78% of average annual DHW demand

20 Space heating requirement: Wood pellet boiler with 10kW output connected to buffer tank and water to air heat exchanger 11.1 kwh(m 2 /a) compared to standard of 100 kwh(m 2 /a) Cost of heating, hot water and mechanical ventilation combined per year per square foot is 0.09 / ft 2 / year

21 mechanical heat recovery ventilation 83% efficient delivering 0.4 ach and consuming 70W consumes 600 kwh/year but recovers 3,000 kwh/year

22 MVHR Filter

23 Measured Air Quality In bedrooms CO 2 concentration Carbon dioxide levels in conventional house Se Se Carbon dioxide levels in Wicklow Passive House Peaks in graph represent night time

24 Peter s house here MosArt Passive House, Ashford, Co Wicklow

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26 fitting a boiler to Out of the Blue a south-facing PH window will take in more energy per year than it lets out

27 Windows Triple glazed with overall U-value < 0.8W/m 2 K Typically double low-e coating, argon filled Special low conductivity spacers Double-gasket for airtightness Frames thermally broken

28 Extremely poor (normal) Extrem ungünstiger Einbau installation Einbau installation U w, eff W/(mK) = 0,15 = 1,19 W/(mK) W/(m²K)

29 Empfohlener Einbau Recommended installation Einbau U installation w, eff = 0,005 W/(mK) = 0,78 W/(mK) W/(m²K)

30 Passivhaus Dienstleistung GmbH Example of window on wood support Frame to be completely covered by insulation Fixed externally to blocks with brackets Tape for air-tightness Timber support below for weight Source: [PHD]

31 Good fitting details save money for the customer - 500kg of pellets per year (half a tonne)! - Saving of at least 125 per year - Saving 3,750 over life of windows (assuming no increase in energy costs)

32 Energon Offices, Ulm, Germany oehler + arch kom architekten ingenieure Two exemplary 21 st Century Commercial Projects Energon Offices - Architect Stefan Oehler

33 The Building that Heats Itself External Temperature: If > + 5 o C = No heating required + 5 o C to - 5 o C = Heated by waste heat from kitchen and server room If < - 5 o C = District heating

34 Cost of heating and cooling: Conventional offices = / m 2 / year Energon offices = 2.50 / m 2 / year Saving of 80% ( 90,000 / year) Built at no additional cost Payback from Day 1

35 P.H. Montessori School in Aufkirchen Architect: Gernot Vallentin Breaking all the Passive House rules : -Built at no additional costs -Relaxed and curving form -Traditional radiators in the classrooms -Openable windows for cooling

36 P.H. Primary School in Riedberg Architect: 4A, Stuttgart

37 Tesco Supermarket Tramore, Waterford Joseph Doyle Architects Worlds 1 st PH Supermarket

38 Current Passive House Activity in Ireland 2 Department of Education Schools UCD Student Residences Irish Rail Commercial Building Several Homes

39 Traditional Style Bungalow Southern Aspect 39

40 Ducting System Ventilation delivered at floor level 40

41 Compact_P Heat Pump 41

42 Data Log Nov

43 Data Log Dec

44 MosArt Passive House Retrofit, Foxrock, Co. Dublin

45 Upgrading an existing home Triple glazed roof lights All windows replaced with triple glazing (upgraded from 2.90 to 0.81 W/(m 2 K)

46 Technologies and heating system Under floor heating Air to water heat pump Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation

47 PHPP CALCULATIONS HOUSE 9

48 PHPP CALCULATIONS HOUSE 9

49 Going from Passive House to Carbon Neutral Requires on-site generation of electricity: Photovoltaic panels Micro wind turbine Micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Average house uses c. 5,000 kwh/year

50 Carbon Neutral likely to require two elements: 1. Passive House Building Standard 2. Renewable Energy Supply

51 Where can I learn more?

52 Certified Passive House Designer / Consultant Global Accreditation Comprehensive course material (1,000 + pages) Practical case studies Exam preparation guides Exams set by the Passivhaus Institut x 4 per year

53 WORKSHOP Building envelope airtightness demo + testing

54 WORKSHOP Building services (compact unit) Pro-Demo

55 WORKSHOP Building services demo + testing

56 WORKSHOP Building services working models

57 WORKSHOP - demonstration models Presentation + discussion

58 Practice Models Working Models Wood frame Hands-on building envelope training

59 Passive House Craftsman s Course

60 The Passive House Approach Way Ahead to a sustainable future Why do we need to make changes to the way we build? Because current practices are very unsustainable Because it is the right thing to do! Hop on!

61 Build & Teach to the Passive House Standard Maurice Falvey MosArt - Passsive House Academy Broomhall Business Park, Wicklow, Ireland art@mosart.ie