Real-time size distribution measurement of particulate matter in a mine

Transcription

1 Real-time size distribution measurement of particulate matter in a mine E. Lamminen 1, F. Reyes 2, Y. Vasquez 2, K. Teinilä 3, H. Timonen 3, M. Aurela 3, S. Saarikoski 3, R. O. Salonen 4, M. Linnainmaa 5, P. Oyola 2, M. J. Cubison 6, D. R. Worsnop 7 and R. Hillamo 3 1 Dekati Ltd., Kangasala, Finland 2 Mario Molina Center Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile 3 Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-56, Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland 5 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland 6 Tofwerk AG, 36 Thun, Switzerland 7 Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 1821, USA Contents Background Instrumentation Measurement results Discussion Conclusions S7P1-1

2 Background Chile-Finland mining sector collaboration in the project Particles and noise in sustainable mining environment (HIME) Collaboration encompasses e.g. researcher exchange, joint measurement campaigns in mines and their neighborhoods in Finland and workshop in Santiago de Chile Project belongs to the Green mining programme* funded by the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes) * HIME - Particles and noise in sustainable mining environment Needs Particulate matter (PM) and concomitant noise from mining operations, engines and ore processing may have adverse effects on the health and well-being of workers and of population living nearby. Approach The project investigates PM and noise in mining by using comprehensive experimental setups. The data collected mainly on real-time basis will enable source/process-specific exposure and health risk assessment. Benefits Novel data on potentially hazardous airborne exposures in mining Key information on management methods of PM and noise New monitoring and control technologies tested Users Mining companies: environmentally friendly and safe operation Companies providing modern monitoring and control technologies S7P1-2

3 Location Outokumpu Chrome, Kemi - Mining in the challenging Arctic climate Instrument container 2 Use of the data and results New information from the HIME project enables source/process-specific exposure and health risk assessment and cost-effective management of local particulate matter pollution Joint publications, material for PhD thesis Particle size distributions BC_Maap, µg/m High time-resolution chemical composition Black carbon MAAP Organic ToF-ACSM 4/9/14 4/1/14 4/11/14 4/12/14 4/13/14 4/14/14 4/15/14 4/16/14 4/17/14 4/18/14 Date ToF-ACSM Org (µg m-3) µg/m PM 1 chemical composition Sample OC BC metals ions S7P1-3

4 Instrumentation Instrument sampling inlets S7P1-4

5 ELPI+ : Electrical Low Pressure Impactor Number size distribution and concentration Real-time, 1 Hz 6 nm - 1 µm 14 size fractions Particles are collected Enables subsequent chemical analysis on the collected samples Wide dynamic range From outdoor air to power plant stack concentrations Jonna Kannosto ELPI+ Operating Principle Operation based on three main components: 1. Impactor Particle size fractionation 2. Charger Particle are charged before fractionating 3. Electrometers Current distribution - directly proportional to number distribution Fast, sensitive S7P1-5

6 ELPI+ Operating Principle Mass concentration (ultra)fine/coarse Fine particles (D a <.5 µm) originate from diesel exhaust Coarse particles are mainly mineral dust 2 Mass concentration, µg/m Mass concentration.5-1 µm Mass concentration <.5 µm Date S7P1-6

7 Mass correlation, different techniques 2 Kemi Mine Mass Concentration, µg/m Mass (SMPS, <.5 µm) Mass (ELPI+, <.63 µm) Date Mass correlation, daily activity Kemi Mine 12 Mass (SMPS, <.5 µm) Mass (ELPI+, <.63 µm) Mass Concentration, µg/m Date S7P1-7

8 Mass closure 1 8 Orgaaninen Ionit BC ELPI <.63 µm 1 8 Mass concentration, µg/m Date ELPI+ number concentration S7P1-8

9 ELPI+ number size distributions Conclusions Similar PM mass results from measurement instruments with different operating principles Mass & number concentration followed activity in the mine PM from particles <.5µm attributed to diesel exhaust while larger particles could be attributed to mineral dust Nucleation mode particle concentration lower and nucleation events less frequent than in typical ambient measurements Massive amount of data from measurements, much more analysis to be done S7P1-9

10 Thank you! Questions? S7P1-1