Establishing a Seaweed industry in Norway: strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives. Matthias Koesling, NIBIO

Transcription

1 Establishing a Seaweed industry in Norway: strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives Matthias Koesling, NIBIO

2 Introduction to life-cycle thinking Every day example - From Material Flow Analysis to Life-cycle assessment 14/11/2018 2

3 Travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Ca 100 km Using a modern car 7 litre gasoline/100 km Energy density 33.1 MJ/l Energy needed: 7 l/100 km * 33 MJ/l = 198 MJ/100 km 3

4 Life cycle questions How much energy was necessary to produce the gasoline and the car? What is the environmental impact of producing the gasoline and combusting it? 14/11/2018 4

5 How much energy is necessary to get 1 l gasoline to filling station? Energy density of gasoline: 33 MJ/l Energy needed for entire way: 7 MJ/l gasoline 5

6 LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) 281,6 Use of ADP fossil energy [MJ] 256,0 Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 230,4 204,8 179,2 153,6 128,0 102,4 76,8 51,2 25,6 0,0 GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> Car-production Gasoline at filling station EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts 6

7 LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Use of gasoline 7 l/100 km Car: production and use 7

8 LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.] 17,6 16,0 14,4 12,8 11,2 9,6 8,0 6,4 4,8 3,2 1,6 0,0 Global warming GWP 100 years potential [CO 2 -equivalents] GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> GLO: Car petrol, Euro 5, engine size 1,4-2l ts <u-so> EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts Car-production Gasoline at filling station Gasoline combustion 14/11/2018 8

9 LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

10 Life-cycle assessment (LCA) Assess environmental impacts from all the stages of a product's life: Raw material extraction Materials processing Manufacture Distribution Use Repair and maintenance Disposal or recycling 10

11 - Protein production Soy protein Seaweed protein 14/11/

12 Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein Material Flow Analysis 24,000 MJ Soy about 12 times 278,000 MJ Seaweed 14/11/

13 Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein Material Flow Analysis about 12 times 24,000 MJ Soy about 12 times LCA 38,000 MJ (non renewable) 122,000 MJ (renewable) 278,000 MJ Seaweed 443,000 MJ 14/11/

14 1 - Gametophyte culture 2 - Sporophyte culture 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 Transport 6 - Drying 7 - Extraction 8 - Transportation Seaweed LCA-results in detail 14/11/

15 Total 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest Seaweed LCA-results, todays production , ,4 Use of fossil energy in MJ ADP fossil (Abiotic depletion, fossil) Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] , , , , , , , , Total NO: GP4 - Harvest... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest 14/11/

16 Total, soy Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.] Total 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest Seaweed LCA-results, todays production , , , , , , , , ,8 Global warming potential (GWP) GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents 0, Total NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP6 - Extraction... Rest 14/11/

17 Seaweed LCA-results, todays production 14/11/

18 Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free Total 3 Deploy. & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest Use of fossil energy in MJ ADP fossil (Abiotic depletion, fossil) , ,4 Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] , , , , , , , , Total NO: GP4 - Harvest... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest 14/11/

19 Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free Total 3 Deploy. & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest Global warming potential (GWP) GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.] , , , , , , , , ,8 0, Total NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP6 - Extraction... Rest 14/11/

20 GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents Total 3 Deploy. & growth at sea Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.] 5 Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration Global warming potential (GWP) , , , , , , , , , , , , Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free Scen 3a incin energ Scen 3b incin en + el Including GWP from incineration Total NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest 14/11/

21 Three scenarios for different sizes Reference todays volumes and technologies IMTA integration every fish farm in Norway integrates seaweed cultivation Large scale

22 Production sizes and transportation Solund example IMTA at every fish farm Number of locations Area per location ha Yield t WW/ha Production per location t WW Sum annual Production t WW Placed in counties SES-size Most fish farms Large scale /11/

23 Production sizes and transportation Production per location t WW Sum annual Production t WW Placed in counties Use of fossil ADP fossil energy in MJ (diesel for transportation 1 Today 2 IMTA 3 SES-size 4 IMTA 6mio 5 Storskala from farm to refinery) Solund example IMTA at every fish farm EU-28: Diesel mix at filling station ts SES-size Most fish farms Large scale MJ Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 14/11/

24 Utilising additional components to protein

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26 Utilising additional components to protein When the entire economic and environmental costs for growing, harvesting, transporting and drying of algae is given, utilising more ingredients is reducing the costs per output unit. 14/11/

27 Saccharina latissima Harvested wet weight Other valuable components Dry weight Protein ~10 % 14/11/

28 Seaweed farming in Norway has just started. Improvements for yield, ingredients, harvesting, storing and processing can be expected. 14/11/

29 Contributions from Nina Pereira Kvadsheim (Møreforsking Molde) Jan Emblemsvåg (Møreforsking Molde) Jon Halfdanarson (Møreforsking Molde) Matthias Koesling (NIBIO) Project number: Funding received from: BIONÆR Bionæringsprogram HAVBRUK