NATURAL DISASTER RISK FACTORS

Transcription

1 Lesson Graphic Organizer EXPOSURE NATURAL DISASTER RISK FACTORS LACK OF COPING CAPABILITIES SUSCEPTIBILITY LACK OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITIES VULNERABILITY Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 1 of 14

2 Big Idea Card Big Ideas of the Lesson 9, Unit 2 The effects of natural disasters vary from one country, or region, to another. This variance is due in part to risk factors that influence how serious the effects of natural disasters are in a certain place. These risk factors include susceptibility, lack of coping capabilities and lack of adaptive capacities. Developing countries are often very vulnerable to natural disasters because of these risk factors. Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 2 of 14

3 Word Cards Teacher Note: glossary of terms has been included for Lessons 7-9, and can be found in the Supplemental Materials for Lesson risk factors a condition that influences the likelihood of an event Example: Living on a fault line is a risk factor for being involved in an earthquake. (SS060209) 30 coping managing external and internal demands that tax or exceed the resources of the person Example: People and communities have designed coping strategies in case of emergencies. (SS060209) 32 susceptibility lack of ability to resist some outside force Examples: California s strict building codes are designed to reduce the susceptibility to potential damage by earthquakes. (SS060209) 29 exposure The condition of not being protected Example: Exposure of more people to natural hazards makes it more likely that there will be natural disaster. (SS060209) 31 adapt to change so as to fit a new situation Example: People adapt to extreme weather by the types of clothes they wear and houses they construct. 33 vulnerability the extent to which a country, area, community or structure risks being damaged by a disaster. (SS060209) Example: The vulnerability of a place to a natural disaster depends on its risk factors, adaptive capacities and coping (SS060209) Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 3 of 14

4 34 developing country a non-modernized and poor country that has created an industrial base Example: People in developing countries like Haiti and Afghanistan have a lower standard of living than people in the United States. (SS060209) Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 4 of 14

5 PowerPoint Notes Page 1 1. Summarize the quotation: 2. Risk Factor Question A function of How likely is it that an extreme natural hazard will occur? 3. What is one country at high risk for natural hazards? 4. What is one region at high risk for natural hazards? 5. Risk Factor Question A function of factors such as What is the likelihood that a natural disaster will result in harm and damages? 6. What is one country that ranks very high in susceptibility? 7. What is one region that ranks very high in susceptibility? Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 5 of 14

6 PowerPoint Notes, Page 2 8. Risk Factor Question A function of factors such as To what extent are societies able to cope with severe and immediate disasters? 9. What is one country that ranks very high in lack of coping capacities? 10. What is one region that ranks very high in lack of coping capacities? 11. Risk Factor Question A function of factors such as Does the society take precautionary measures against anticipated future natural hazards? 12. What is one country that ranks very high in lack of adaptive capacities? 13. What is one region that ranks very high in lack of adaptive capacities? 14. is the sum of susceptibility, lack of coping capacities and lack of adaptive capacities? 15. What are some countries and regions of the world that are most vulnerable to natural disasters? Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 6 of 14

7 Comparing Two Countries Country A Area 377,915 sq km 27,750 sq km Country B Area: comparative Climate slightly smaller than California varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north slightly smaller than Maryland tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds Terrain mostly rugged and mountainous mostly rough and mountainous GEOGRAPHY Natural negligible mineral resources, fish Resources Land Use arable (able to be farmed) land: 11.64% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 87.46% Natural Hazards many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower arable land: 28.11% permanent crops: 11.53% other: 60.36% (2005) lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts Environment: Current Issues air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water Population 127,368,000 9,801,664 (July 2012 est.) Age Structure 0-14 years: 13.1% years: 64% 65 years and over: 22.9% 0-14 years: 35.9% (male 1,748,677/female 1,742,199) years: 60.1% (male Birth Rate 8.39 births/1,000 population births/1,000 population Death Rate 9.15 deaths/1,000 population 8.1 deaths/1,000 population PEOPLE Maternal 5 deaths/100,000 live births 350 deaths/100,000 live births Mortality Rate Infant Mortality 2.21 deaths/1,000 live births deaths/1,000 live births Rate Life Expectancy 84 years 62.years Physician physicians/1,000 population 0.25 physicians/1,000 population Density Hospital Density beds/1,000 population 1.3 beds/1,000 population Literacy 99% 52.9% (age 15 and over can read and write) Urbanization 67% 52% Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 7 of 14

8 Per Capita Income Unemployment Rate Population below poverty line Country A $35,200 $1,300 (2011 est.) 4.6% 40.6% (2010 est.) 16% 80% (2003 est.) Country B Budget Agriculture Products revenues: $1.971 trillion expenditures: $2.495 trillion (2011 est.) rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; revenues: $1.485 billion expenditures: $1.658 billion (2011 est.) coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood ECONOMY COMMUNICATION TRANSPORTATION Industries among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods Electricity billion kwh 650 million kwh Production Electricity billion kwh 309 million kwh Consumption Value of Exports $788 billion $721.3 million Exports motor vehicles, semiconductors, iron and steel products, auto parts, plastic materials, power generating machinery Value of Imports $808.4 billion $3.352 billion Imports Petroleum, liquid natural gas, clothing, semiconductors, coal, audio and visual apparatus Reserves of $1.259 trillion $1.341 billion Foreign Exchange and gold Debt $2.719 trillion $665.1 million Telephones: Land lines Telephones: Mobile million 50,000 (2009) 121 million 4 million (2009) Network Hosts million 541 (2010) Network Users million 1 million (2009) Airports (2012) Railways 27,182 km --- Roads 1,210,251 km paved: 973,234 km (includes 7,803 km of expressways) unpaved: 237,017 km (2008) textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly based on imported parts apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 8 of 14

9 Rating Activity Very Low Low Medium High Very High COUNTRY A Exposure RATING Why? Susceptibility Lack of Coping Capabilities Lack of Adaptive Capacities Vulnerability COUNTRY B Exposure RATING Why? Susceptibility Lack of Coping Capabilities Lack of Adaptive Capacities Vulnerability Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 9 of 14

10 Research Notes Country Date Magnitude Epicenter Aftershocks Tsunami # killed #injured # left homeless Damage Early Response Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 10 of 14

11 Rescue and Relief Efforts Recovery Status of the Recovery Disaster Risk Reduction after the earthquake Other important information Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 11 of 14

12 Comparison Data Date Magnitude Japan Haiti Aftershocks Tsunami # killed #injured # left homeless Damage Early Response Rescue and Relief Efforts Recovery Status of the Recovery Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 12 of 14

13 Argument Writing Criteria and Guide 1. Introduce claim(s) about a topic or issue, acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically. My claim is: 2. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant, accurate data and evidence that demonstrate an understanding of the topic or text, using credible sources. The best evidence that supports my claim includes: 3. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. The reasons why each piece of evidence supports my claim: 4. Establish and maintain a formal style. 5. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 13 of 14

14 Claim: A position that a person advances and offers to maintain by argument. A statement taking a position on an issue with reasons. Argument Map Subclaim 1: An argument or claim, which supports the overall claim (e.g., coping capabilities). Subclaim 2: An argument or claim, which supports the overall thesis (e.g., susceptibility). Subclaim 3: An argument or claim, which supports the overall thesis (e.g., adaptive capacities. Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Evidence 3 1a: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. 2a: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. 3a: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. 1b: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. 2b: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. 3b: Fact or reference used as evidence to support subclaim. Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 14 of 14 Copyright by Oakland Schools August 15, 2013