Passive sampling. - A policy perspective - Gerrit Niebeek

Transcription

1 Passive sampling - A policy perspective - Gerrit Niebeek 9 november 2011

2 Content Background information Legal obligations Monitoring in NL Problems/Challenges Developments 2 9 november 2011

3 Water quality Functions EQS Sources of pollution Point Diffuse 3 9 november 2011

4 Legal Background Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) EQS-Directive (2008/105/EC) Commission Directive on QA/QC (2009/90/EC) Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) Guidance on monitoring Guidance on biota and sediment monitoring Guidance on the derivation of EQS 4 9 november 2011

5 Purpose of the Water Framework Directive Protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems Promote sustainable use of water and protection of water resources A good status of all waters in 2015 (2027) Contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts 5 9 november 2011

6 Environmental objectives WFD Implement necessary measures to prevent deterioration Protect, enhance and restore water bodies aimed at achieving good status in 2015 Annex V Implement necessary measures with the aim of progressively reducing pollution from Priority Substances ceasing or phasing out emissions, discharges and losses from Priority Hazardous Substances. 6 9 november 2011

7 Good surface water status Def. 24 Def. 22 Good chemical status (GCS) Good ecological status (GES) EQS for pollutants 76/464/EEGdaughters (17) Pollutants from other relevant Community legislation Biological quality elements Substances being discharged in significant quantities Priority Substances (33) Hydro-morfological quality elements General physical-chemical parameters 7 9 november 2011

8 EQS Directive (2008/105/EC) EQS water are set for inland and other surface waters as Annual Average (AA) and Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) total concentrations in the whole water sample for metals: dissolved concentration EQS biota Mercury and compounds, HCB, HCBD EQS sediment these EQS being for prey tissue (wet weight), choosing the most appropriate indicator from among fish, molluscs, crustaceans and other biota; 8 9 november 2011

9 Monitoring Article 8 (WFD) Member States shall establish programmes for the monitoring of water status in order to establish a coherent and comprehensive overview of water status within each river basin district Article 3 (EQS-Directive) Member States shall arrange for the long-term trend analysis of concentrations of those priority substances listed in Part A of Annex I that tend to accumulate in sediment and/or biota Member States shall determine the frequency of monitoring in sediment and/or biota so as to provide sufficient data for a reliable long-term trend analysis. As a guideline, every three years. 9 9 november 2011

10 Monitoring surveillance operational investigative. To check the impact assessment procedure of the wfd,. To design of future monitoring programmes,. To assess long-term changes in natural conditions, and those due to widespread anthropogenic activity.. To establish the status of a waterbody identified as being at risk. To assess any changes in the status of a waterbodyresulting from measures.. Where the reason for any exceedances is unknown,. Where the objectives for a body of water are not likely to be achieved in order to ascertain the cause. To ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution check compliance determing trends Guidance on monitoring and Guidance on monitoring sediment and biota 10 9 november 2011

11 Commission Directive on QA/QC (2009/90/EC) All methods of analysis, including laboratory, field and on-line methods, used for the purposes of chemical monitoring programmes carried out under the WFD are validated and documented in accordance with EN ISO/IEC standard or other equivalent standards accepted at international level. The minimum performance criteria for all methods of analysis applied are based on an uncertainty of measurement of 50 % or below (k = 2) estimated at the level of relevant EQS and a limit of quantification equal or below a value of 30 % of the relevant EQS november 2011

12 Purpose of the MSFD protect and preserve the marine environment, prevent its deterioration or restore marine ecosystems prevent and reduce inputs in the marine environment, with a view to phasing out pollution 12 9 november 2011

13 Marine strategy MSFD by 15 July 2012 an initial assessment, of the current environmental status of the waters concerned and the environmental impact of human activities thereon a determination of good environmental status for the waters concerned establishment of a series of environmental targets and associated indicators by 15 July 2014 establishment and implementation of a monitoring programme for ongoing assessment and regular updating of targets by 2015 at the latest, development of a programme of measures designed to achieve or maintain good environmental status 13 9 november 2011

14 Monitoring programme (MSFD)-I provide information for an assessment of the environmental status. provide information on chemical contaminants in species for human consumption. ensure comparability of assessment approaches and methods within and between marine regions and/or subregions. develop technical specifications and standardised methods for monitoring at Community level november 2011

15 Monitoring programme (MSFD)-II an assessment of major changes in the environmental conditions as well as new and emerging issues. compatibility with existing programmes address the relevant elements including their natural variability and to evaluate the trends towards the achievement of the environmental targets 15 9 november 2011

16 To summarise European legislation and guidances Priority Substances are selected for WFD EQS have been derived for Priority Substances Monitoringprogrammes are or will be established Quality criteria for methods are set for WFD For MSFD work under construction 16 9 november 2011

17 Organisation State level: Regional level: 26 waterboards 17 9 november 2011

18 Chemical monitoring network Marine water: 37 loc s, 280 par s spm: 4 loc s, 140 par s sediment: 107 loc s, 130 par s biota: 39 loc s, par s Fresh water: 52 loc s, 340 par s spm: 21 loc s, 160 par s sediment: 1 loc, 95 par s biota: 18 loc s, 45 par s 18 9 november 2011

19 X Problems/Challenges For current PS, analytical methods for water available but not all fulfilling QA/QC EQS for total water Biota monitoring most appropriate organism analytical methods 19 9 november 2011

20 Developments CIS guidance on derivation of EQS Review of the list of PS CMEP Watch-list Passive sampling 20 9 november 2011

21 State of play Passive sampling: not mandatory nor forbidden Monitoring Compliance EQS water EQS biota EQS sediment Trend (water-total; AA, MAC) (prey tissue, wet weight) X (biota, sediment) Screening

22 Policy questions for which problem is passive sampling a solution compliance check (AA and MAC) trendanalysis for biota or sediment or for screening solution or do we encounter new problems is it an extra matrix or an alternative for water, biota, sed. costs (cheaper or more efficient) is it ready for implementation or focus on RBMP 3 does it fulfill QA/QC (extraction or compartment?) 22 9 november 2011

23 Policy questions do we need to change derivation of EQS what do we need to implement passive sampling in EU water monitoring (WFD or MSFD) or do we need more research and validation 23 9 november 2011

24 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION november 2011

25 Discussion Passive sampling has to replace at least a part of traditional sampling, otherwise it will not be accepted. How do we use passive sampling for compliance checking (water phase/ biota sampling)? Passive sampling is only applicabel for compliance with AA-EQS, not for MAC-EQS. How do we communicate Passive sampling to policy? Passive sampling is ready for implementation (or not?), and what do we need We don't need a unified method, as long as we have determined a set acceptance criteria for passive sampling As long as passive sampling is more expensive then classical monitoring, it will not be a succes november 2011

26 Priority Substances Alachlor Atrazine Benzene Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos-ethyl) 1,2-dichloroethane Dichloromethane Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Diuron Fluoranthene Isoproturon Lead and its compounds Naphthalene Nickel and its compounds Octylphenol (4-(1,1,3,3 -tetramethylbutyl)-phenol) Pentachlorophenol Simazine Trichlorobenzenes Trichloromethane (chloroform) Trifluralin Priority Hazardous Substances Anthracene Brominated diphenylether Pentabromodiphenylether (congener numbers 28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) Cadmium and its compounds Chloroalkanes, C10-13 Endosulfan Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclohexane Mercury and its compounds Nonylphenol (4-nonylphenol) Pentachlorobenzene Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Benzo(a)pyrene) (Benzo(b)fluoranthene) (Benzo(g,h,i)perylene) (Benzo(k)fluoranthene) (Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) Tributyltin compounds (Tributyltin-cation) 26 9 november 2011

27 Substances proposed for EQS derivation Aclonifen Methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)- 2-nitrobenzoate (Bifenox) Cybutryne (Irgarol ) Cypermethrin Cyanides Dichlorvos Dicofol 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)/ 1,3,5,7,9,11-Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) Ibuprofen Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Quinoxyfen Terbutryn Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its salts (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride Diclofenac Dioxin (2,3,7,8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin,tcdd) Heptachlor/Heptachlorepoxide Zinc 17 beta-estradiol 17alpha-ethinylestradiol 27 9 november 2011