The storage of wind energy: Technological and economic realisation

Transcription

1 1 st International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES I) Gelsenkirchen, Oct. 30 th /31 st, 2006 Session IIIb Electrical Storage Systems The storage of wind energy: Technological and economic realisation Jörg Linnemann Dr. Robert Steinberger-Wilckens - Planungsgruppe Energie und Technik Oldenburg, Germany 1

2 Motivation for Renewable Energy Storage Temporal shift of power: - storage for periods of low renewable production - storage for peak demand periods Reduction of fluctuations Integration of surplus/stranded production time-of-sale can be deliberately determined and be de-coupled from stochastic meteorological fluctuations green power can be traded at power exchanges (e.g. EEX) 2/ 19

3 Interim Storage large small excess loss of load 3/ 19

4 Reduction of fluctuations insolation hours insolation hours solar radiation from 5 sites 4/ 19

5 Hydrogen Advantages as Storage de-coupling of storage capacity from input / output power fast response and switch-over low long-term losses scalable to any size low cost of storage capacity alternative uses of hydrogen disadvantages: high cost of total system low overall efficiency 5/ 19

6 Wind-Hydrogen Conversion System Wind Energy Electricity Grid Electrolysis Hydrogen Storage Fuel Cell gas distribution grid Filling Station Fuel Cells Vehicles Industry Residential Energy Supply 6/ 19

7 Component Availability Electrolysis & hydrogen handling proven technology narrow supplier base improvements needed, but little market pull Fuel cells suppliers & early adopters evolving durability issues photographs courtesy, Bauer, NedStack, Casale 7/ 19

8 Project Example Utsira project realised by Norsk Hydro and Enercon wind-hydrogen power supply to 10 households photographs courtesy Hydro 8/ 19

9 Choice of Base Application in Cost Analysis Requirements: well-defined base case cost for hydrogen & fuel cell equipment available energy consumption available Choice: diesel vs. hydrogen FC vehicle (DC F-Cell) market and external costs available realistic consumption data available 9/ 19

10 photographs courtesy, CEP, EU 10 / 19

11 Cost Breakdown Investment (wind-) hydrogen plant 300 MW electrolysis (60,000 Nm³/h) 520 mio. FS disp 4% FS comp 14% ancillary 13% electrolysis 37% storage 31% compression 1% 11 / 19

12 Cost Analysis Results Bulk plant Nm³/h Investment Elektrolysis 520 Mio. 0,156 /kwh Compression 150 bar Pipeline 100 km Compression 500 bar Filling station 0,036 /kwh 0,005 /kwh 0,066 /kwh (0,107 /kwh) 0,027 /kwh Grand total 0,290 /kwh 12 / 19

13 Cost Sensitivity - Bulk Production Plant /kwhh2 Sensitivity A Electrolysis 0,20 0,19 0,18 0,17 0,16 0,15 0,14 0,13 0,12-30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% Change in [%] electricity costs [s] efficiency [%] real interest [i] full load hours [v] investment (total)[i] operating costs [BK] 13 / 19

14 Vehicles: Internalising External Costs Diesel Hydrogen Internal costs per 100 km External costs per 100 km Total costs 4,66 to 5,89 3,55 8,21 to 9,44 17,49-17,49 14 / 19

15 Full Cost Comparison internal costs (market price) H 2 17,5 H 2 2:1 3:1 ext. ext. costs costs ext. costs 3.52 Diesel Diesel 5,12 cost per 100 km 15 / 19

16 HyWindBalance - Wind-Hydrogen Balancing Power Plant 16 / 19

17 HyWindBalance Concept relieve the electricity grids from the need to balance wind power fluctuations deliver wind electricity as a power source that can be - scheduled -predicted deliver balancing power to the grid at zero CO 2 deliver peak power to the grid at zero CO 2 17 / 19

18 Conclusions hydrogen technology is available today, though fuel cells are not yet fully developed wind derived hydrogen is still expensive nevertheless, large scale wind-hydrogen production could be near to market, even at today s equipment costs internalising external costs will remove the inherent subsidies for mineral oil products... rising oil prices will do the rest of the job hydrogen can be used as an intermittent storage medium in intelligent concepts of coupling renewable energy to the grid renewable energies can then be scheduled and planned ahead 18 / 19

19 Acknowledgments Thanks go to you, as an interested audience and to the European Commission for co-financing the EUHYFIS project, the Ministry of the Environment of the Federal State of Lower Saxony and the EWE for support of the HyWindBalance project, and HyWindBalance partners Oldenburg University, Overspeed, Ökovest, and energy&meteo systems / 19