Exploring the benefits of waste management

Transcription

1 Exploring the benefits of waste management Semida Silveira Professor Energy Systems Planning Head of Energy and Climate Studies Director International Affairs, Brazil 28 September Follow us on Innovation Week, FIESP, São Paulo, 28 Sept 2017

2 Towards the smart sustainable city

3 This is KTH!

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5 The circular/green economy must be built in the context of demand for infrastructure and services, improving social welfare

6 Towards zero landfilling in Sweden

7 Solid waste in Sweden Each Swede generates almost half a ton of waste per year Most waste is recovered or reused Two million tonnes household waste for energy per year Waste incineration long established Emissions from incineration regulated since the 1980s Landfilling forbidden since ,000 tonnes of waste imported from other countries

8 Kg per person and year Household waste in Sweden Recycling, 27 % (materials) Recycling, 8 % (bio degradable products) Incineration, 62 % Disposal, 2 % Hazardous waste, 2 % Source: Sörab

9 Recycling of household waste in Sweden deposition energy recovery biological recovery material recovery Source: Avfall Sverige

10 Scheme of a wastewater treatment plant with AD Ex: Käppala Source: IEA, Task 37

11 Special collections Municipality of Lidingö,

12 Drive-in and mobile Recycling Centres Waste is what is left after there is no more fantasy Stockby, Lidingö

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14 Prepared by Antoine Dizier, Kaustubh Karnataki, Ulysse Boudier

15 What is burnable waste actually? Prepared by Antoine Dizier, Kaustubh Karnataki, Ulysse Boudier

16 Biogas supported by two EU directives Renewable Energy Directive 2009 European organic waste management 1999 In Sweden, the goal is to have a fossil free fleet in 2030

17 Biogas production and use in Sweden 2015 upgraded heat electricity industrial uses other uses flaring no data Source: Swedish Energy Agency

18 Holistic view of the resource base and energy uses

19 Integrated holistic system

20 Defines priority order for waste legislation and policy Polluter pay principle and extended producer responsibility By 2020: EU waste framework directive (2008/98/EC) 50% preparation for re-use and recycling of certain waste materials from households 70% re-use and recycling from construction and demolition EU aims at 65% recycling target in 2030 Landfilling forbidden since 2005; Circular Economy Strategy launched 2015

21 Waste to energy cycle

22 Number of biogas plants in Europe Source: European Biogas Association Total: 17,376 units; 60.6 TWh electricity

23 Number of biomethane plants in Europe Total: 459 units Source: European Biogas Association

24 Biogas plants in Europe, by country 2015 Total: 17,376 units Source: European Biogas Association

25 Strategies to promote waste-to-biogas in La Paz, Bolivia 25

26 Strategy to implement biogas Defining strategies in the local context Energy context (matrix, demand, prices, subsidies) Organisation in SWM in La Paz Organic waste characterization study (quantity, content) Policy framework and funding options GHG emissions mitigation potential Techno-economic analysis

27 Waste characterization in La Paz Composition of waste in La Paz (SIREMU, 2008) Average waste composition in La Paz (weighted mean value) Source: Waste characterization study carried out by WABB project 27

28 Waste to Biogas thinking implementation steps 28

29 Conditions for realizing the biogas potential in La Paz Investments in biogas recovery and a biogas plant cannot be justified within present energy and climate policy frameworks Biogas from urban solid waste can be made viable within a broader strategy for improved urban waste management, material flows, and climate mitigation action serve to improve cost-recovery of waste management biogas strategy extends life-time of the landfill (+5 years) Waste management strategies can be connected to social development programs 29

30 The poly-generation approach applied in Bangladesh context

31 Reflections on general conditions for biogas development Waste collection and deposition generate GHG emissions that can be avoided using landfill gas recovery and a biogas plant with energy and nutrient (bio-fertilizer) recovery Biogas can be used to substitute fossil based electricity, heat and transport fuels resulting in GHG emissions reduction Institutional arrangements and conducive policy framework can provide the conditions for biogas recovery in all cities Commitment of the municipality and other local stakeholders is needed to make it happen A comprehensive waste management strategy requires public participation 31

32 Urban areas central to the transition towards low-waste and low-carbon circular economy Synchronization needed (sectors, institutions and agents) to explore full potential of sustainable solutions System shift and integration required for circular economy Technology needed but not enough Energy can help catalyze innovation, resource efficiency and development by providing the economic incentive Multiple stakeholders have to be engaged municipalities shall take the lead

33 Thank you for your attention Follow us in