Sponge City Construction in China a strong vision for the future

Transcription

1 Sponge City Construction in China a strong vision for the future Klimatilpasningsdagene 2018 September 12-13, 2018 Stavanger, Norge Dr. Linmei Nie Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation (CSDI) Stiftelse CSDI WaterTech

2 Outline Sponge City - a response to global and national challenges in China. The Sponge City Construction: Concept, methods, management approach, finance and pilot projects. Examples Success and Barriers, challenges during the pilot period. Assessment indicators and standard. International impacts and collaboration. Possibilities for cooperation between Norway and China. Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

3 Problems and challenges Urbanization: growth of population in cities, increasing water demand and sewage discharge, more buildings and impervious areas, more cars, Climate change: more frequent intense precipitation, increasing temperature, sea level rise, resulting in more extreme events; Aging drainage networks and insufficient drainage capacity Energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

4 Special problems and challenges in China Population Urbanization & Industrialization Climate change: Flooding& Drought, Severe water pollution Deterioration of ecosystem Human induced problems!!

5 Urbanization (around ) Everywhere is buildings and people!

6 Urban transportation How to cross the roads?

7 Urban flooding ( , Beijing) Torrential rain started 10:00 21st July lasted 02:00 22nd July Downpour rain 164 mm in average in Beijing (212 mm in city area in average), accounted return period of 1 in 61 years (Average annual precipitation: mm)

8 Severe water and air pollution Website pictures

9 Can we survive in such environment? NO!!

10 Political initiative In 2014, President Xi Jinping officially indorsed the concept of Sponge City and launched Sponge City Construction all over China- Build a green and sustainable society and construction of ecological civilization. Key changes of the SC concept: Change from demanding-oriented approach to resources-oriented approach. Change from development dominated approach to take into account the impact to the environment and sustainability. Change from downstream remediation to a systematic and comprehensive approach of source control-process management-downstream remediation. Change from drainage-driven approach to a holistic approach: infiltration, detention, storage, purification and reuse.

11 What is Sponge City? A city where its surface and underground systems act like a sponge to absorb, infiltrate, store, and purify the rainwater for different types of reuse, before it is discharge Similar as SUDS, BMPs, LID, WSUDs and more in many other countries in the world. BUT it was developed in a unique way targeting to solve or mitigate the severe water related problems.

12 Objective of the Sponge City Control the total volume of annual runoff Reduce the peak value of runoff Pollution control Increase the reuse of stormwater resources.

13 Technical guideline for SCC Develop LID urban stormwater system. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction (MHURC) of China TOC (trial version) Chapters Contents 1 General provision: objectives, scope of application, basic principles 2 Definition of Sponge city construction and LID construction 3 Master plan 4 Design of different solutions 5 Engineering construction 6 Maintenance and management Integration of Green and Grey Infrastructure (GGI), the General Office of the State Council, Appendices Appendix 1. Main terminology Appendix 2. The relationship of the total annual runoff & design rainfall Appendix 3. Estimated cost of single solution LID Appendix 4. Selected case studiespilot projects Appendix 5. Related standards and specifications.

14 Implementation Management framework

15 Pilot projects

16 Financial plan Sponge City construction is a public endeavour, therefore would require public financing. Since 2015, each city has received 400 to 600 million RMB ( million Norwegian Krone) annually for the three years. The total investment estimated to be about 42.3 billion RMB, or 53 billion NOK (1 RMB ~ 1.25 NOK). Promote PPP Model co-funding by Private and Public Partnership

17 II. Examples of pilot cities

18 1

19 Case 1. Rehabilitation of the South 4 lakes in Shandong Province, from heavy pollutant to clear water Area of 1,266 square kilometres. One of the largest freshwater lakes in China, rich in natural resources, fish, shrimp, alfalfa, lotus and other aquatic animals and plants. Lotus pond Problem The lake was seriously polluted, was regarded the most difficultly harnessed in the world. Lake scence Main measure: Combination of harness, use and protection. Results: The main water quality indicators were upgraded from class V to class III, and the basin ecosystem was well restored. 19

20 2

21 Case 2. 5-Water control measures in Zhejing Province Measures Wastewater treatment, flood prevention, drainage of ponding floodwater, safeguard water supply, and water saving and conservation. Puyangjiang Jiyang Street Section Harness result * the province has eliminated 6,500 kilometers of garbage rivers and 5,100 kilometers of black and odorous rivers. *Among the 221 provincial control monitoring sections, water quality of Class III and above accounted for 77.4%. Jinhua Ecological Wetland Park Learning combined measures of preservation and treatment" is a successful exploration of comprehensive water environment management. (Hou, 2017)

22 3

23 Nanning sponge city construction ( ) Pilot area: 54.6km²,planned 203 projects,invest 8.77 Bill. CNY. In fact 322 ptoject,318 commencement,completed 258 prohecs, Accoding to Nanning Spong City Construction Office.

24 Nanning Nakao River Problem The upper reaches of the Kao River is seriously polluted by the discharge of wastewater from aquaculture enterprises. Nakao River scence corridor Measures * Implement the technical route of control source, endogenous treatment, live water circulation, clear water supply, water quality control, ecological restoration, and full river basin management. *all-line multi-section assessment and pay-by-effect were adopted, and 103 assessment indicators of water quality, water quantity and flood prevention were formed. Nakao wetland park Harness results: To meet the flood standard in 50 years, the water is clear and beautiful. 24

25 General approach 总体思路 南宁市海绵城市试点建设总体思路, 是按照 现状调研 问题识别 目标确定 流域实施 工程建设 组织保障 模型评估 的逻辑顺序展开, 系统 全面 科学的实施南宁市海绵城市试点建设 通过对 渗滞蓄净用排 措施的科学利用, 使城市建设中的水资源循环 回归 自然状态 ; 从源头减排 过程控制 系统治理的总体思路梳理工程项目列表, 优化组织架构 制定相关政策保障项目建设有序推进 南宁市海绵城市建设 yqq

26 Objectives and indicators 总体目标与建设指标 恢复自然水循环, 构建良好生态格局, 增加优质生态产品供给 消除水体黑臭, 防治水体污染, 恢复良好的城市水环境 消除内涝积水点, 降低城市内涝风险, 完善防洪排涝体系 统筹布局流域水资源, 提升雨水再生水利用效率 南宁市海绵城市建设 yqq

27 Preliminary achievement 各项指标建设成效 经过三年海绵城市试点建设, 南宁市基本完成各项试点建设制定的目标 坚持海绵城市建设的初心, 以总体思路为指导 解决水安全为底线 消除水体黑臭为重要工作内容, 利用海绵城市建设理念推进各类项目建设, 提高城市防涝标准, 减少雨水径流污染, 在水安全 水环境 水生态 水资源几方面均取得了显著的建设成效 试点区海绵建设完成面积比例 95% 那考河建设前后生态岸线对比 良庆河建设前后生态岸线对比 试点区内 5 段黑臭水体全部消除 试点区内 18 个内涝积水点全部消除, 城区防涝能力超过 30 年一遇, 外江 ( 邕江 ) 防洪能力达到 200 年一遇 邕江建设前后生态岸线对比 南宁市海绵城市建设 yqq

28 Harness black and odorus rivers 黑臭水体基本消除 试点区内原有的 5 段黑臭水体已基本消除 竹排江 f 段整治前后对比 竹排江 g 段整治前后对比 南宁市海绵城市建设 yqq

29 Parks and wetlands 恢复生态格局 南宁市在试点区内建设以那考河湿地公园 南湖公园 石门森林公园 青秀山风景区以及五象湖公园等为代表的高品质的城市公园 街头绿地, 改善小区休憩娱乐空间 4.2 公顷 新增公园绿地 公顷 打造 山 水 林 田 湖 生态格局 南宁市海绵城市建设 yqq

30 III. Assessment and evaluation Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

31 Assessment standard (MHURD, 2018) NO. of Sections Title of the Section 1. General Provisions Summary key information of contents in each sections. It defines the objectives, suitability and objects to be assessed, the general principle, technical approach and methods of the sponge city construction. 2. Terminologies It defines 5 key hydrological terms: Volume capture ratio of annual rainfall, watershed, catchment, project tributary area and urban water body. 3. Basic Requirements It defines the assessment principle and effectiveness of the SCC, selection of the assessment project and monitoring sections, in regard to the different land use types and control objectives, taking into account of the variability and uncertainty of the assessment data and methods. 4 Assessment Indices It defines the assessment contents expressed in 7 indices, and requirements in detail. Assessment methods are defined and described in Section 5. 5 Assessment Methods It defines the 7 assessment indices and methods. The 7 indices are (1) control of volume capture ratio of annual rainfall and the runoff volume; (2) Stormwater source control (and project implementation effectiveness). (3) Control of road surface water ponding and local flood inundation; (4) Urban water quality; (5) Natural ecological pattern management and water ecological front. (6) Variation trend of groundwater levels and (7) Mitigation of urban heat island effect. Appendix Relation and application of volume capture ratio of annual rainfall and design rainfall depth It defines and distinguishes the variation in precipitation in different geographical regions in China, and the relation between precipitation with peak value of runoff and runoff pollutants in related to different land use types. Explanation of Wording in This Code Lists of Quoted Standard codes It uses the words, such as must (do) & prohibit (no to do), should & should not, can & cannot to distinguish the degree in compliance of the code regulation. List of quoted Chinese standard and codes.

32 7 assessment indicators, method and requirements (1) Control of volume capture ratio of annual rainfall and the runoff volume (2)Stormwater source control (3) Control of road surface water ponding and local flood inundation (4)Urban water quality (5) Natural ecological pattern management and water ecological front (6)Variation trend of groundwater levels (7) Mitigation of urban heat island effect P Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

33 Barriers and challenges Lack of site-specific technical guidance and certification of products Insufficient training Lack of results of effectiveness of individual and combined measures for urban planning. Costs for construction and maintenance, limmiting the installation of NBS in urban areas. It is so far a supplying offer, rather than buying market. Reluctent to implement of the BG solutions, because of high economic and cultural value in central cities. Reasonable assessment indicators and stamethods Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

34 Recommendations Alignment the implementation of UDSs with decision makers at national and municipal policy and strategy levels; Financial support Short-Middle-Long term planning ( years) More clear technical guidelines for e.g. design different solutions, formula, parameters and materials, type of plants Learning from global experience and Take site-specific and optimistic solutions Combination of the central- and decentralised solutions Control from the sources to recipients Testing, monitoring and feedbacks from different actors A smart cluster of urban stormwater management including Technology-Business-Society-Environment sectors and Education.

35 International impacts IWA Yes/NO?

36 International collaboration Horizon Work Programme : Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials. SC : Strengthening international cooperation on sustainable urbanisation: nature-based solutions for restoration and rehabilitation of urban ecosystems: a) Strengthening EU-China collaboration (2018): RAINBOW.

37 SINO-Norwegian collaboration Research for bilateral collaboration: MiljøForsk Network support Joint EU Project: H2020, Urban Europe, JPI Water etc. Road map for bilateral research collaboration

38 Bilateral call Norway-China: Integrated multi-stressor impacts on ecosystems and Sustainable agriculture 40 MNOK available for Norwegian partners (researcher projects): Integrated multi-stressor impacts on ecosystems (20 MNOK) Sustainable agriculture (20 MNOK) NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) contributes with funding to CN partners Project size: 3-5 MNOK (max. 2 MCNY) / 2-3 Years One Norwegian and one Chinese PI Deadline 25 April 2018 Signed «Collaborative Research Agreement» at the time of proposal submission Expected response: November 2018 Project start: 1 January 2019

39 International sponge city conferences Sponge city international conferences 2016, Over 1000 participants from the world Over 2500 participants from the world Are we going to China? What to present?

40 Joint publications Please contact if anyone is interested in submit a paper manuscript to the Special issue.

41 Conclusion remark The Sponge City Construction (SCC) announced a new paradigm that calls for the use of natural systems, such as soil and vegetation will be applied as part of the urban runoff control strategy. It represents an significant effort than any government in the world All countries shoud/must contribute to achieve urban sustainability and minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization and coping to climate change. We must do our own part, and collaborate with others nationally and internationally. Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

42 CSDI CSDI is a R&D Foundation based in Oslo, Norway. Focal areas : Stormwater management Environmental-friendly solutions (water quality and pollution control) Renewable and clean energy (mainly Hydropower) Development and application of new Material (concrete material and nanomaterials. Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

43 CSDI ORGANIZATION CSDI BOARD EXECUTIVE GROUP COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS WATER Stormwater management Renewable energy Environment technology New Materials Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

44 Key competence Technologie 技术 LIDs ( 低影响开发 ) Ability and Benefits ( 功能以及效益 ) Guidelines and software tools for planning and design of different solutions Flooding forcasting and risk assessment ( 洪水预警报 ) Ecological and environmental technologes ( 环境与生态技术 ) Polyurea and Nano material ( 聚脲和纳米材料 ) Ground and Radar data, 1D/2D Flood modelling, GPU, machine learning, risk mapping and management Eco-region and ecosystem services and env. restoration Concrete structural failure repairing using SK-Polyurea new materials

45 GOAL Bridging Norway-EU collaboration with China in water related areas. Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

46 Networking and partners: Many others,... Specialised companies of IT and water environmental tecnologies in Norway NEEC, Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

47 How to collaborate? Water, Environment and Renewable energy Joint projects Exchange and knowledge transformation Progress plan, funding and schedule,... Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology

48 Thank you very much for your attention! Tusen takk for oppmerksomheten! Dr. Linmei Nie Director for CSDI WaterTech Phone: linmei.nie Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology