JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbh

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1 JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbh Facts & Figures of Producing Biofuels in Biorefineries Current Status and Future Perspectives Gerfried Jungmeier 8 th A3PS Conference Eco-Mobility 2013, October 3-4; 2013, Tech Gate Vienna

2 This is Biomass for Transportation Biofuels

3 There is Competition for Different Biomass Uses Bioenergy (heat, electricity, transportation fuels) Food (e.g. vegetables, meat) Biomass Feed Biomaterials (e.g. paper, construction material, cotton, rubber, fertilizer)

4 Maize What For? Two Green Arguments This plastic bag is made from maize, a renewable resource, and decomposes naturally This biofuel is made from maize, a renewable resource to reduce GHG emissions???????

5 Outline Outlook Biorefinery Fact Sheet: Example Biorefineries for Transportation biofuels Introduction Biorefinery

6 This is a Biorefinery Biomass Resources - oil - starch - sugar - lignocellulose -. Biorefinery Based on different conversion processes - Bio-chemical - Thermo-chemical - Physical-chemical - Others Bioenergy Bioproducts liquid/gaseous transport biofuels electricity heat solid fuels bulk chemicals fine chemicals animal feed food materials fertilizer gases

7 Definition of IEA Task 42 What is a Biorefinery? Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, processes, clusters of industries Sustainable: maximising economics & social aspects, minimising environmental impacts, fossil fuel replacement, closed cycles Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing Biomass: wood & agricultural crops, residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass Spectrum: multiple energic and non-energic products Marketable: Present and forecasted (volume and prices) Products: both intermediates and final products (i.e. food, feed, materials, chemicals, fuels, power, heat)

8 The Classification System of Biorefineries The 4 Features to Characterise A Biorefinery Systems Generic system Naming: Principle: Number platforms (Name of platforms)/feedstock/products/processes example: 2-platform (electricity&heat, syngas) biorefinery/wood chips/ft-biofuels, electricity, heat, waxes/steam gasification

9 Classification System is Now in Use.

10 Outline Outlook Biorefinery Fact Sheet: Example Biorefineries for Transportation biofuels Introduction Biorefinery

11 Biofuels are Already Part of the Austrian Transportation Sector 2010 Transportation biofuels: gasoline, 22.0% transportation biofuels, 7.0% 425,000 t/a biodiesel to diesel (B7) 103,000 t/a bioethanol to gasoline (E5) 85,000 t/a pure biodiesel (B100) 18,000 t/a pure vegetable oil 3.1%-reduction GHG intensity of road transportation fuels Source: Biokraftstoffe im Verkehrssektor 2011, UBA; own calculations diesel, 71.0%

12 GHG Emission of Austrian Transportation Sector GHG reduction by biofuels: 1.6 Mio t CO 2 -eq/a 23 Mio. t/a from transport of total 85 Mio t/a 27% of total Austrian GHG emissions 60% increase between

13 Biofuel Plants in Austria (Biodiesel) (Biodiesel) (Bioethanol) Pischelsdorf 2010: about 500,000 t biodiesel produced Source: ARGE Biokraft

14 Greenhouse Gas Saving of Transportation Biofuels Made in Austria Own calculations of Austrian plants ( ) according to RED-methodology Source feedstock mix 2011: ARGE Biokraft 2012

15 Report on Biofuel Driven Biorefineries..Based on this first selection of most promising biorefinery concepts to produce large volumes of road transportation biofuels by 2025 the Task 42 is assessing the sustainability of these biorefinery concepts by analyzing economic, environmental and social aspects in comparison to conventional processes and products. In a next step a biorefinery fact sheet for each of these selected energy driven biorefineries is developed, key characteristics for a specific production capacity of road transportation biofuel.

16 14 Biofuel-driven Biorefineries for Biobased Economy in 2025

17 Implementation Perspectives of Energy Driven Biorefinery Concepts 1. Commercial energy driven biorefineries state of the art worldwide in commercial operation under current economic condition 2. Demonstrated energy driven biorefineries main processes are demonstrated on a technical scale at one/more locations worldwide further technical optimization needed No commercial operation under current conditions Expectation: commercial operation Conceptual energy driven biorefineries until 2025 not demonstrated on technical scale so far further necessary R&D developments and successful demonstrated expectation: can be commercially operated 2025.

18 Bioethanol from Sugar and Starch Crops 1-platform (C6 sugars) biorefinery using sugar&starch crops for bioethanol and feed

19 Bioethanol and FT-Biofuels from Straw and Starch Crops 4-platform (C6 sugars, C5&C6 sugars, lignin, syngas, electricity&heat) biorefinery using starch crops and straw for bioethanol, FT-biofuels, feed, electricity and heat

20 Outline Outlook Biorefinery Fact Sheet: Example Biorefineries for Transportation biofuels Introduction Biorefinery

21 Purpose of the Biorefinery Fact Sheet What are the facts & figures of different biorefineries? Look here, you find facts & figures in our Biorefinery Fact Sheet

22 Overview Biorefinery Fact Sheet Part A: Biorefinery Plant Part B: Value Chain Assessment Annex: Methodology of sustainability assessment and data with references

23 Part A: Biorefinery Plant Mass and Energy Balance Biorefinery plant Biorefinery Complexity Index (Products/Platform/Feedstock/Processes) 14.5 (4.5/3/2/5) State of technology: conceptual Products Auxiliaries (external) FT-diesel 105 [kt/a] electricity 0 [PJ/a] FT-gasoline 70 [kt/a] heat 0 [PJ/a] heat 0.3 [PJ/a] waxes 10 [kt/a] materials 29 [kt/a] Feedstock Costs wood chips 1,459 [kt/a] investment 500 [Mio ] water content 45% [%] feedstock 100 [ /t] Efficiencies mass energy input to products 12.4% 54% input to transportation biofuel 11.8% 49% 2-platform (electricity&heat, syngas) biorefinery using wood chips for FT-biofuels, electricity, heat and waxes with steam gasification Own calculations based on Austrian feasibility study (Hofbauer et al. 2008)

24 Part A: Biorefinery Plant Share of Costs and Revenues 2-platform (electricity&heat, syngas) biorefinery using wood chips for FT-biofuels, electricity, heat and waxes with steam gasification Costs Revenues Own calculations based on Austrian feasibility study (Hofbauer et al. 2008)

25 Part B: Value Chain Assessment System Boundaries&Reference System

26 Part B: Value Chain Assessment Overview 2-platform (electricity&heat, syngas) biorefinery using wood chips for FT-biofuels, electricity, heat and waxes with steam gasification Whole value chain range Greenhouse gas emissions biorefinery 70 (66 to 81) [kt CO 2 -eq/a] reference system 690 (640 to 790) [kt CO 2 -eq/a] saving -90 (-87 to -92) [%] Cumulated energy demand fossil biorefinery 0.6 (0.56 to 0.69) [PJ/a] reference system 9.2 (8.5 to 11) [PJ/a] saving -93 (-92 to -95) [%] total biorefinery 14.9 (14 to 17) [PJ/a] reference system 9.8 (9.1 to 11) [PJ/a] change 52 (27 to 87) [%] Agricultural area demand feedstock - (0 to 0) [ha/a] Costs annual costs 220 (200 to 250) [Mio /a] specific costs 1,200 (1100 to 1400) [ /t] Revenues annual revenues 224 (210 to 260) [Mio /a] specific revenues 1,200 (1100 to 1400) [ /t] Own calculations based on Austrian feasibility study (Hofbauer et al. 2008) Communication in typical ranges & orders of magnitude!

27 Part B: Value Chain Assessment Primary Energy&GHG Emissions 2-platform (electricity&heat, syngas) biorefinery using wood chips for FTbiofuels, electricity, heat and waxes with steam gasification (14 17) ( ) (9.1 11) (66-81) Own calculations based on Austrian feasibility study (Hofbauer et al. 2008)

28 Outline Outlook Biorefinery Fact Sheet: Example Biorefineries for Transportation biofuels Introduction Biorefinery

29 Workshop Announcement The Role of Biorefining in a Future BioEconomy Austrian Stakeholder Workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefining Graz/Austria October 24, 2013 The Austrian participation in Tasks 42 of IEA Bioenergy is financed by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology / Department for Energy and Environmental Technologies

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31 Conclusions Stepwise publication of Biorefinery fact sheets to stimulate discussion by Task 42 Data collection for various international biorefinery systems is ongoing (incl. Syngas-Biorefineries Biorefinery fact sheet gives facts&figures on biorefinery plant and value chain sustainability assessment We need common format for facts&figures of biorefineries for developing technologies and systems for a future BioEconomy Biorefineries with Syngas from wood and straw for FT-biofuels and biomethane have key role for Biobased Economy Selection of interesting Biofuel-driven Biorefineries for Biobased Economy 2025 by IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefinery Classification of biorefineries via 4 features: platforms, products, feedstocks, processes

32 Your Contact JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbh Gerfried Jungmeier Elisabethastrasse 18, 8010 Graz