Organic Waste. Problem and Opportunuties. Burkart Schulte CReED ev. GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

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1 Organic Waste Problem and Opportunuties Burkart Schulte CReED ev GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

2 Common Situation of Waste dumping on Land in many areas worldwide GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

3 Dumping of untreated waste is not only a destruction of resources, it is also a big burden for the environmen.t Resultent problems from dumping of untreated waste Significant methan emissions are a contribtory factor for the greenhouse effect Burning plastic leads to furan and dioxyn emissions Leachate emissions contaminate the groundwater GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

4 Consequences of the methan emissions from open dumping of untreated waste 4

5 Waste Compositions Prof. Dr. Fricke TU-Braunschweig Waste with a calorific value lower kj/kg needs additional fuel for combustion GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

6 How can we use the main components of the waste? Organic parts: With aerobic composting we can produce fertilizer anaerobic fermentation in closed digester leads to electricity from Methan and compost as fertilizer Plastic parts and textile: new plastic or energy (cement factory, electricity, process steam, diesel oil,) Paper: new paper Metall : international scrup marked Glass: new glass Mineral parts: road construction or landfill 6

7 Hier Bilder Kompostierung rein GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

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12 Vermi Composting in India Price: 1 t between 40 and 100, depending the country and qoulity GIZ Programme Resource Recovery 2015 Picture: ALLBIZ 12

13 Vermi Composting GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

14 ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY (60 TO 100 M³ OF METHANE/TON) L ESS ENERGIE NEEDED FOR AERATION OF THE COMPOST PILE 200 TIMES LESS ODOURS THAN AEROBIC COMPOSTING (BASIS: GRAMS OF VOC PER TON TREATED) LESS SURFACE AREA NEEDED AS FOR AEROBIC COMPOSTING HIGH PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE 14

15 Degradation of organic material: C 6 H 12 O O 2 AEROB => 6 CO H 2 O Traubenzucker + Sauerstoff => Kohlendioxid + Wasser Free Energie G o = kj/mol = (Head) ANAEROB: C 6 H 12 O 6 => 3 CO CH 4 Traubenzucker => Kohlendioxid + Methan Free Energie G o = kj/mol = (Methane) Result: Aerobe composting needs 20 times more energy then anaerobe digesting. The remaining energy is in the Methane. ifat

16 Basic Type of Digestor Technology : Liquid Digestor Plug Stream Digestor Batch Digestor 16

17 Loading Block heat unitand power plant MBT Biological treatment Type DRANCO Digester Composting 17

18 THE DRANCO DIGESTER Plug Flow - Process 18

19 19 Prinzip of a Butch digester The Process

20 Kusel, near Kaiserslautern Renewables 7,500 t/p.a. Electrical Power 330 kw In Operation as of 01/07 Local Heat / Drying 20

21 Biogas aus Trockenvergärung 21

22 BEKON Plant in Vechta 22

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24 Small digester for a throughput up to 10 t per day from Eggersmann Smartferm Plant from Eggersmann 24

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26 < 25 mm Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste - March 2013 Mexico City 26

27 Data for the Combined heat and power plant (CHP): Electrical power 100 kw Electrical efficiency 38 % Thermal power 123 kw Thermal efficiency 46.6 % Overall efficiency 84.6 % 27

28 Examples of convenient sorting processes The following examples are from asia but could worldwide similar proceed The majority of the workman have been waste picker bevore, the chiefes of the plants have been trained at CReED in Germany. All projekts are instigated from the German GIZ with small support from CReED 28

29 1st example: Easy sorting nearly without any maschinery and no electricity needed. The organic parts go to a composting process while the plastic parts go to an open intermediate storage. BMWi Umweltschutztechnologien in Costa Rica und Guatemala 29

30 2nd example: more maschinery like conveyors, screener and a press for the plastic parts. Main aim is to get the plastic out and sell it to a cement factory. 30

31 Example Cement Factory 31

32 Example Diesel from Plastik waste BMWi Umweltschutztechnologien in Costa Rica und Guatemala 32

33 Plastic Recycling in Abidjan, Ivory coast GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

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36 Product Presentation GIZ Programme Resource Recovery

37 Production of pellets from organic material for different purposes such as energie, fertiliser, animal food etc. 37

38 Economie of waste recycling Profit: RDF production (we save around t of oil per year) Kompost-produktion (in some countries 1 t costs more then 100 ) Methan-production ( we produce around 2 MW from digestion) Metall recycling Avoiding of a landfill ( an engeered Landfill can cost 10 per m3 and more) Costs: Investment Finanziell cost Operation cost 38

39 Financial aspects I costs costs for recycling in: industrialized countries emerging markets value of recycled material today time in years Burkart Schulte

40 Financial aspects II In order to promote recycling of Waste, the EU and many european countries have raised the producer resonsibility for many kinds of waste. This means that the manfacturer or dealer of the product is responsible for ensuring that this product will be recycled. In some cases different companies then teamed up to organice the take back and recycling together. In a different model, the State authoriezed a company to assume the responsibility of the producers for a needed fee. Such a model with a PPP basis should be feasible in all countries. If the producer responsibility is good for Europa, it will be good also for others. Do not hestitate to implement such a system even in your country. If your companies export to Germany they have to pay for the recycling of the packaging waste, why not vice versa? 40

41 Future developmend: In the future the recycled material will be of increesing value. The costs of the recycling will decrease do to technical development. The value of the recycled material will increase due to international demand. The environmentel impact of the landfilling of untreated waste becomes unacceptable. 41

42 CREeD e.v. (Mr. Schulte) CREed Mediacenter: