Measurement & Verification The Principles

Transcription

1 Measurement & Verification The Principles Des Murphy eevs / Kovara

2 Typical Energy Conservation Measure: 4 year simple payback Will benefit owner for 10 years = Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 20%

3 So why don t we see more energy conservation projects? Owners don t believe the seller. Owners are not confident that they can measure the saving. And if the saving does not materialise, will they seller refuse to repay?

4 Measurement & Verification of Savings An independent methodology that has the confidence of the seller and the buyer.

5 Measuring Savings Saving = What the consumption would have been - The actual consumption

6 Measuring Savings Saving = What the consumption would have been - The actual consumption This is the focus of M+V

7 Several methodologies have been developed over the past 20 years or so: IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol) ASHRAE

8 The M+V Process Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Install Equipment Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

9 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Decide what factors affect energy consumption, eg, Outside temperature Record Reporting Period Data Install Equipment Hours of operation / occupancy Number of people Comfort levels Production level/product Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

10 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Record the energy consumption Install and the affecting factors Equipment during the preinstallation Baseline period Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

11 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Install Equipment Derive formula to adjust for changes in the affecting factors Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

12 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Install Equipment The Plan specifies what has to be done and who does it Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

13 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Record Reporting Period Data Install Equipment Adjust the consumption Install the Energy Conservation Measure Calculate Saving for period

14 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Install Equipment Derive Formula Record energy consumption and the affecting factors during the post-installation Reporting Period Prepare M+V Plan Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

15 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Correct the Reporting Period consumption to take account of changes to Affecting Factors Install Equipment Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

16 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Saving for period = Baseline usage - (Adjusted Reporting usage) Install Equipment Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

17 Identify Factors Record Baseline data Derive Formula Prepare M+V Plan Install Equipment Record Reporting Period Data Adjust the consumption Calculate Saving for period

18 The Key Challenges Deciding on the affecting factors that are significant. Measuring/Recording the energy and affecting factors at reasonable cost. Setting up and proving the mathematical relationships.

19 The Key Challenges Deciding on the affecting factors that are significant. Measuring/Recording the energy and affecting factors at reasonable cost. Setting up and proving the mathematical relationships.

20 The Key Challenges Deciding on the affecting factors that are significant. Measuring/Recording the energy and affecting factors at reasonable cost. Setting up and proving the mathematical relationships.

21 Option A: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement 1. Pre-installation: Spot measure the electricity usage of the lights. 2. Post-installation: Spot measure the electricity usage of the new lights.. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Reduction in kw x annual operating hours

22 Option A: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement Owner may insist on holding a retention pending carrying out tests 2 & 3 again after Pre-installation: Spot measure the months. electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Spot measure the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Reduction in kw x annual operating hours

23 Option A: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement In order to minimise M+V costs, the owner may accept 1. Pre-installation: Spot measure responsibility the electricity for the usage operating of the lights hours. 2. Post-installation: Spot measure the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Reduction in kw x annual operating hours

24 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

25 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls Occupancy sensors Outside light sensors 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

26 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Spot Parameter readings / Continuous Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls Agree occupancy hours 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

27 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls Continuous recording is necessary because of sensors 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

28 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide a satisfactory lighting level. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

29 Option B: Retrofit Isolation Key Parameter Measurement Lighting Replacement + Controls 1. Pre-installation: Establish the electricity usage of the lights Eg, change in occupancy 2. Post-installation: Record the electricity usage hours of the new lights. 3. Satisfy the owner that the new lights provide at least the same light level as before Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

30 Option C: Whole Facility Measurement Energy saving is >10% of total energy used on site. A combination of several energy saving measures. Great care needed in establishing and recording the factors that affect energy. Reporting period generally have to be long to smooth out noise. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

31 Option C: Whole Facility Measurement Energy saving is >10% of total energy used on site. A combination of several energy saving measures. Great care needed in establishing and recording the factors that affect energy. Reporting period generally have to be long to smooth out noise. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

32 Option C: Whole Facility Measurement Energy saving is >10% of total energy used on site. A combination of several energy saving measures. Great care needed in establishing and recording the factors that affect energy. Reporting period generally have to be long to smooth out noise. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

33 Option C: Whole Facility Measurement Energy saving is >10% of total energy used on site. A combination of several energy saving measures. Great care needed in establishing and recording the factors that affect energy. Reporting period generally has to be long to smooth out noise. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

34 Option D: Calibrated Simulation Suited to situations where little or no historical energy usage data is available (eg, new facility/building) Involves building a computer model to represent the facilities energy consumption Requires experience and expertise. Saving = Baseline usage Adjusted Reporting period usage

35 In Conclusion. M+V opens the door for Energy Performance Contracting. Its here to stay. But its not an exact science trying to predict what energy would have been used had the energy conservation measure not been installed. Beware of the risks! The more experience and expertise the less risk.

36 Thank you Des Murphy eevs / Kovara