Biogas in the Australian Pork Industry

Transcription

1 Biogas in the Australian Pork Industry Stephan Tait (Pork CRC Research Fellow) Advanced Water Management Centre The University of Queensland Bioenergy Australia Biogas Workshops Gold Coast 2 August 2016

2 Why? Energy costs Warm little piglets to increase survival and improve welfare, fans and pumps, grain feed-mills Odour reduction Minimize impacts, expedite approvals, present and future neighbour relationships Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) Pork industry aiming for less than 1 kg CO 2 -e/kg pork produced Biogas capture, treatment and use can reduce GHG emissions across pork supply chain by as much as 64% (Wiedemann et al., 2016). 1. Wiedemann, S.G., McGahan, E.J. and Murphy, C.M. (2016). Animal Production Science.

3 How?

4 How? 60-70% methane (natural gas) 30-40% carbon dioxide % hydrogen sulphide Anaerobic No oxygen 1. Skerman, A. (2013). RIRDC Project No PRJ , RIRDC, Barton, ACT.

5 How?

6 How? 1. Skerman, A. and Collman, G. (2012). RIRDC Project No PRJ , RIRDC, Barton, ACT.

7 How?

8 Pork CRC Biogas demonstration site NSW 2,200 sow places, two sites one each unmixed covered lagoons $980k capital investment 270kW of installed power generation 27,230 tonnes CO2-e emissions abatement since 2012 $20 per tonne CO2-e) Large Scale Generation Credits pays largely for operating cost Recently had minor rectification works on covers/acceptable level of general maintenance $240k/annum of worth due to energy cost savings and electricity sales Trialling low-cost one-pass biological hydrogen sulphide cleaning system using direct micro-aeration in an external packed column Paid off 2.5 yrs ~July-September 2014 (now it s pure wins!!)

9 Pork CRC Biogas demonstration site VIC 2,000 sow places, three sites, one each unmixed covered lagoons $1.5M capital investment 9,590 carbon credits to date for flaring only (~$200k) 160kW of installed power generation with DC invertors engines commissioned and running, but only for heat at present trialling low-cost same as NSW farm, and lowcost refurbished 2 nd hand generator set-ups estimate will displace 633,366 kwh/year of electricity and 44,744 L/year of LPG worth $390k/annum

10 Issues/Opportunities Usually decentralised, remote, no sewer discharge, low water use, not connected to potable water supply Significant need for low-quality thermal energy Doubling in uptake of biogas in pork industry in past 4 years compared to the 20 years before! (now >13% of total National Herd) 19 systems in total, including 12 static covered lagoons, 4 RCM-style hybrid lagoons, 2 above-ground mixed tank digesters) Question Because of Australia s unique demographics and features is Australia really lagging behind the rest of the world with biogas, or are we actually in-front of what will become a future for biogas? Two Carbon Farming Initiative/ Emissions Reduction Fund methodologies 12 registered projects 1. Yap M, Tait S, Price J, Wilson R, Ponder S, Jeffrey G, Heubeck S and Davidson A. (2015). APL Project 2011/ Available at content/uploads/2013/10/2011_ cop- Final-April15.pdf estimate over $3.3M income to date carbon abatement credit sales, substantial auctioned commitment for additional carbon abatement over the next 7 years Very tight cost (feasibility) margins Must think LOW COST Being proactive about safety - Australian Pork Limited Code of Practice for Safe Use of Biogas On-farm

11 Safety Skerman (2015) Skerman (2015)

12 Safety Skerman (2016) Skerman (2016) Skerman (2016) Skerman (2016) Skerman (2016)

13 Issues/Opportunities Spent piggery litter Mixture of straw, manure, urine, minor water 50% moisture use of bedding becoming more popular in southern states of Australia Nm 3 methane per tonne volatile solids fed Solid material, stackable, good C to N ratio Anaerobic Treatment for Emissions Reduction from Solid Manure Residues - recent pilot research project at UQ under the National Agricultural Manure Management Program Opportunity for garage-style leachbed digesters in Australia? 1. Yap SD, Astals S, Jensen PD, Batstone DJ, Tait S (2016). Pilot-scale testing of a leachbed for anaerobic digestion of livestock residues on-farm. Waste Management, 50:

14 Contributors Bears lagoon piggery Don KRC Edwina and Michael Beveridge (Blantyre Farms) Feedlot Services Australia Mark Hogan/Ian Longfield (Rivalea Australia) Stephan Heubeck (NIWA, NZ) Dr. Sasha Jenkins (UWA) Steve Lepper (NZ) Janine Price (Australian Pork Limited) Hugh Payne (DAFWA, Medina) Quantum Power Ltd. Tom Smith (Kia-ora) Torben Soerensen (GD Pork) Alan Skerman (DAF, QLD) Grant Skilton (Aurere Farms) Dr. Rob Wilson (Rob Wilson Consulting Pork CRC) Dugald Walker