RCAT-HTL Reliance Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Sustainable and Clean Technology for Waste to Energy

Transcription

1 RCAT-HTL Reliance Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Sustainable and Clean Technology for Waste to Energy 4 th Edition Waste-to-Energy Conference on Challenges and Opportunities to Generate Energy from Agro and MSW Nov 29-30, 2018, New Delhi Presentation by: Ramesh Bhujade, Spandana Ramisetty RIL R&D

2 What a Waste! 2 In 2016, world generated 2 billion tons of MSW, including 242 million tons of plastic waste. Waste has inbuilt Energy, Water and Nutrients. All are lost, when waste is not treated well. Worldwide, waste generated per person ranges widely, from 0.11 (low income countries) to 4.54 kg (high income countries) Wet waste Rapidly increasing in developing countries. Major bottleneck for waste to energy projects. Increasingly expensive for developing countries Ref:World Bank, What a Waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to Urban Development,2018, Lisa Yao, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Frank Van Woerden. 2 billion tons of MSW has energy content worth meeting 40% India s energy demand

3 What a Waste! More Wet Waste in poor countries India and South Asian countries (lower middle income countries) produce more wet waste, making incineration uneconomical. Waste plastics in MSW also makes Anaerobic Digestion challenging, it being biological process. 3 High Income countries Lower middle Income countries Inorganics 22% RCAT-HTL is feed flexible cost-effective solution worldwide for 80% of MSW

4 4 RCAT-HTL, for energy-dense liquid biofuel Waste collection and Processing RCAT-HTL Existing Refinery Infrastructure Green Drop-in Crude Jet Diesel MFO Handles any organic waste - dry or wet (Agro waste, MSW organics, food waste, food processing waste, manure, bio-solids, ETP sludge, industrial waste, mixed non-recyclable plastics, automobile waste tyres) Energy efficient: Uses water in waste as a reactant and recovers fertilizer-rich water. No need of drying wet waste Drop-in renewable crude as product: Energy-dense liquid crude, compatible with petroleum crude. Can be processed in existing refining infrastructure. No change in engine technology Replaces fossil crude and produces climate friendly transportation fuels Green solution to World s growing energy demand using waste as a resource

5 RCAT-HTL overcomes limitations of existing Waste to Energy technologies Copyright 2018 Reliance. All rights reserved. RCAT-HTL, sustainable green technology 5 Nature takes millions of years to produce fossil crude. HTL expedites crude oil formation, using subcritical water as a reactant. Patented RCAT-HTL technology produces high quality renewable drop-in crude and recovers fertilizer-rich water from any organic waste Hydrothermal Liquefaction Li, Y et al., Quantitative multiphase model for hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, 2017

6 RCAT HTL uses water as green solvent 6 Water, near subcritical conditions, behaves as a solvent. Di-electric constant is comparable to organic solvents. This thermochemical transformation behavior of water is employed in HTL to breakdown the biomass. Tuning of water chemistry helps produce desired products Inherent Water in the Wet waste itself is a Green & Sustainable Solvent

7 RCAT-HTL: Catalyst Development at RIL 7 RCAT- HTL, spin-off technology from algal research. It provides sustainable solution for wet waste valorization. Over 125+ Homo- & Heterogeneous catalysts evaluated Bio oil yield Bio oil yield No Catalyst 1 st Gen Catalyst 2 nd Gen Catalyst 3 rd Gen Catalyst w/o Catalyst Heterogeneous Catalyst Homogeneous Catalyst Homogeneous Catalyst X Low yield Increase in oil yield X Low cat. Recovery X Complex Reactor design Catalyst recovery Higher stability Catalyst recyclablility Current 3 rd Gen Catalyst increased bio-oil yield by 20-25%

8 8 Feedstock Algae Food waste Feed Tank Process water Tank High Pressure pump RCAT-HTL Plant at Gagva Feeding Section Heating Section Reaction Section Multi-stage Heaters bar C C Catalytic Reactors Product Separation Section Pressure Letdown Solid filtration Air Cooler Off-gas ETP Agri Sludge residue Feed conditioning Final Heat Ex. Blow-down pot Spent Wash Cattle Manure Heating Fluid Bio-char Biocrude Tank Fertilizer-rich Water Tank Largest pilot plant in the world

9 RCAT-HTL Development Journey at RIL 9 Knowledge Development Technology Development Business Development TRL 1 TRL 2 TRL 3 TRL 4 TRL 5 TRL 6 TRL 7 TRL 8 TRL 9 First expt. at RIL Cumulative Patents RIL s Proprietary catalyst 4ml 1X RIL s Upgradation catalyst 300 ml 75X 2L 500X Kinetics & Molecular Model to predict yield Cont. bench-scale Reaction pathways Cont. Operation Bench Scale Pilot unit at Gagva# 6500X # NAABB Project (RIL Genifuel- PNNL ) Integrated Pilot Plant in Industrial Set-up Algae & other Organic waste RCAT-HTL demo facility Y 2018 Semi-commercial plant for derisking 200Y Revenue $5-6 Million a year Pilot (Y) Semi-commercial (200 Y) RCAT-HTL offers sustainable solution for biomass to biofuel conversion

10 Biomass to Energy- Technology comparison 10 Power Generation Power Dry Biomass to Electricity 1 KG = 1.7 kwh = 1465 KCAL Thermal eff = 27% Food Waste ETP Sludge Agri residue Dairy waste Any organic waste agri-residues, bagasse, lignin, food, dairy waste, etc. Fermentation Catalytic Pyrolysis Anaerobic Digestion Ethanol Gasoline/Diesel/Kerosene Biogas Biogas Power Dry Biomass to Ethanol 1 KG = 252 GRAM = 1780 KCAL Thermal eff = 34% Dry Biomass to HC Fuel 1 KG = 280 GRAM = 2960 KCAL Thermal eff = 56% Biogas = 2890 KCAL, Overall Thermal eff = 48% Biogas to Electricity = 1.25 kwh Overall Thermal eff = 18% *Wet Biomass to Biocrude 1 KG = 500 GRAM = 3475 KCAL Thermal eff = 66% RCAT- HTL RCAT-HTL Biocrude *In case of wet feed (>80% water) except HTL and AD, all other processes become energy negative Converting biomass to energy-dense liquid hydrocarbons is more efficient

11 HTL Dry Pathway Fossil Fuel Hydropyrolysis HTL HTL Copyright 2018 Reliance. All rights reserved. RCAT-HTL, lowest GHG Emissions % (with Algae) GHG Emissions Savings -92% -34% (with Algae) -86% (with Algae) Industrial Sludge Food Waste -88% Boundary Condition WTW RCAT-HTL technology - Climate change friendly

12 RCAT-HTL vs Competing technologies 12 Waste feed Technology RCAT-HTL AD + Composting % w/w biomass Hydro Pyrolysis Incineration Fermentation Products Crude biofuel bpd Diesel + Gasoline bpd - - Biogas - 56 tpd 7 tpd - 4 tpd Ethanol KL Fertilizer 29 tpd 23 tpd 11 tpd - - Off gas 13 tpd 47 tpd 10 tpd 140 tpd 10 tpd Water recovered 658 m3 627 m3 305 m3 No recovery - Power MWe MWe Relative Economics (Capex/EBITDA) Technical X > X > 3X > 5X >2X Environmentally sustainable Odor, pathogens Requires drying Pollutants, inefficient Lignin disposal RCAT-HTL : Techno-Socio-Economic Pathway for treating waste

13 Competing technologies - A fair comparison 13 RCAT-HTL Scores higher among all Technologies

14 14 Food waste treatment hierarchy AD - Many projects fail due to a lack of understanding of the process. Incineration is suboptimal. Source: --United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the FAO RCAT-HTL overcomes limitations of existing technologies Feed flexible and fast process Energy dense Liquid fuel as product Drop-in fuel, compatible with petroleum crude and can be process in existing refineries Recovers fertilizer-rich water RCAT HTL, sustainable technology for food waste

15 RCAT-HTL Copyright 2018 Reliance. All rights reserved. RCAT-HTL, ready for Commercialization 15 Successfully tested Algae, Food waste, ETP sludge. RCAT-HTL is more feed-flexible can handle both dry as well as wet waste by co-processing or independently 30+ patents, concept to commissioning experience and scale-up expertise. End-to-end solution to entrepreneurs AI-based kinetic models being developed in-house. Helps economic screening of business cases for different wastes Variety of feeds being tested: Lignin residue, Industrial sludge, Distillery spent, ETP sludge, agro waste, Used Cooking Oil Due diligence and Head-to-head assessment done with competing technologies Drop-in green crude: Co-processing in existing refinery, avoids extra capex for refining, transport and distribution Winner of prestigious Golden Peacock Award for Eco-Innovation Recognized by many global institutes/companies

16 Sustainable Solution 16 Fossil Raw material Flexibility Renewable Collective Mandate: Science for Solution, Technology for Transformation, & Innovation for Impact Labor Talent Indianization OPEX Efficiency Inclusive Innovations to meet needs of Aspiring Resource Poor Citizens Unique RIL Capital Project Execution CAPEX Efficiency I Would Prize Every Invention of Science Made for the Benefit of All Mahatma Gandhi

17 RCAT-HTL for Waste to Wealth 17 Acknowledgment Ajit Sapre Algae to Oil (A2O) Downstream, O&M, CO 2 Management

18 18 DISCLAIMER Any statement, opinion, prediction, comment, or observation made in this presentation/publication are those of the presenter/author only and in no condition should be construed necessarily representing the policy and intent of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL). The information presented herein are of the presenter/author s own and in no way RIL attracts any liability for any inconsistency or irregularity in terms of the accuracy completeness, veracity, or truth of the content of the presentation/publication. In addition, RIL shall not be liable for any copyright infringement and misrepresentation for the presented content as the content is presumed in good faith to be a creation of presenter s/author s own mind. The scope of this presentation/publication is strictly for knowledge sharing purposes and not necessarily to provide any advice or recommendation to the audience/readers. Any endorsement, recommendation, suggestion, or advice made by the presenter/author shall be in his personal capacity and not in professional capacity as an employee of RIL. Any person acting on such endorsement, recommendation, suggestion, or advice will himself/herself be responsible for any injury/damage.