1 P a g e L S H u b. Skill 01 Data/Statistical Interpretation

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1 1 P a g e L S H u b

2 Content Page P.2 Content Page P.3 Introduction and Past DSE Records P.4 Steps for Reading a Statistical Data P.5 Different Question Types of Statistics P.6 Paper 1 Requirement and General Skills P.7-8 Organization and thinking process of trend description P.9 Steps to write trend description essay P Methods for Trend Description P.12 Elements, Template and Common Mistakes P.13 Vocabularies for Trend Description P.14 Different Statistical Diagrams P.15 Hints and Technique P.16 Student Common Questions P.17 Special Words for Trend Description P Sample Demonstration 1-5 P Exercise for Practice P.38 Consolidation and Summary P Blank Note Page P LS Hub Information 2 P a g e L S H u b

3 Skill 01 Data Interpretation In Liberal Studies DSE Exam Paper 1, questions related to Data/Statistical Interpretation always appear. These questions usually consist of 4-5 marks and they are the easiest marks to get in the exam paper. Question Appearance in past Liberal Studies DSE Exam: Year Q. No. Statistical Info Paper 1 Q1(a) 2014 Paper 1 Q3(a) 2015 Paper 1 Q1(a) 2015 Paper 1 Q3(a) 2016 Paper 1 Q1(a) 2016 Paper 1 Q3(a) 2017 Paper 1 Q1(a) 2017 Paper 1 Q3(a) HK Population Statistic Binge Drinking among HK adults Sannong Statistics of China (Chart) International Tourist Arrival and Receipts (Chart) Hong Kong Agriculture HIV Infection Acceptance of Ethnic Minorities Happiness Index of Quality of Life Question Describe the trends of the population statistics Describe the pattern of binge drinking among With the reference of source A, B and C, describe the changes in Describe the trend in international tourism shown in source A. Describe the trend in Hong Kong agriculture as. Describe the pattern of HIV infection as shown Describe the pattern of acceptance of different Based on the source, compare and compare patterns of Mark What is Data/Statistical Interpretation? 1. Describing the Data from the given statistics 2. Observing the trend from the given statistics 3. Phenomenon expressed from the given statistics ***To conclude the information shown from the given statistic 3 P a g e L S H u b

4 Steps for Reading a Statistical Data LS Hub 1. Look at the title to know what the statistic is talking about ( 睇標題去了解圖表介紹內容 ) 2. Observe the different items in the chart ( 深入觀看圖表內容 ) [Tips: Look at the literal part, to see what is comparing with one another 淨係睇文字, 去知道內容 數據 / 數字寫個陣時才直接引用 慳時間 ] 3. Mark down the significant items ( 圈出重要, 具象徵的資訊 ) Significant Items: Maximum / Minimum ( 最大與最小 ) Fluctuation and Changes ( 轉變 ) 4. Start writing your essay. As the question about interpreting statistical data are slightly different, you cannot always use the same method. (Details check P.9) 4 P a g e L S H u b

5 Different Question Types Student Common Question: 有時又問你 trend, 有時就問 features, 有時問 pattern, 咁多種問法, 點算好? Actually, 百變不離其宗, 全部都係到問緊一樣 common thing: Key of the Data (The Key Trend) 數據所顯示的突出 重點 There is only a slight/minor difference between different question types, but also be aware of those too: Trend ( 趨勢 ) The Direction of the phenomenon o E.g. Hong Kong s agricultural development is turning down. Pattern ( 格局 ) Common Pattern Similar Trend o E.g. Hong Kong s agricultural development pattern is similar to Singapore, also turning down gradually Features ( 特徵 ) Key Characteristics, Overall Characteristics/Overall Key point/focus o E.g. Generally, more male suicide than female Performance ( 表現 ) The performance of an activity. Usually quite subjective by using your own view o E.g. Hong Kong performance on quality of life is quite good. Mode ( 模式 ) Need conceptualization to generalize different categories [More details on video] 5 P a g e L S H u b

6 In Paper 1, You must quote/use the information from the statistic provided. Use calculation and combination from the sources + Use conceptualization to conclude the development trend General Steps: 1. Quotation Words (E.g. Firstly, secondly ) 2. Topic Sentence (The general trend) 3. Use the source (According to the source ) 4. Further Explanation (Explain the relationship between the source and the trend) 5. Short Conclusion (Repeating the trend) Common Types of Statistics Chart Line Graph Bar Chart Pie Chart 6 P a g e L S H u b

7 Organization and Thinking Process for Trend Description After you have briefly read the statistic, you need to plan how will you write the essay. The below show some tips and organization methods for you to know how to think about what to write: 1. Relationship between the title and the question asked 2. LS Module Involved and Module Topic 3. 5W1H (Where does it refer to? When it happens? Who are the stakeholders? What is the event? Why is there such statistic? How can we show the key points?) 4. ***The general trend of the statistic 5. Significant Items (E.g. Max. Min. Transitioning Point) Title Significant LS Module General Trend 5W1H 7 P a g e L S H u b

8 For Example: The Unemployment Rate of Hong Kong Unemployment Rate of Hong Kong 2003 (7.9%) M2T1 (QoL) 2008 (3.6%) M2 M 1)Unemployment of HK is lower than 10% 2)Decreased gradually from Who: HK ppl. When: Where: HK What: Unemployment Issues and QoL Why: Performance of the Economic How: Time Trend Description 8 P a g e L S H u b

9 Steps to Write Trend Description Essay (Whole Process) LS Hub 1. Find the relationship between the statistic and the question a. Title Relation with the question b. Related Category to the question 2. Find the relationship between the X-axis and Y-axis to find the corresponding data of description 3. Horizontal Analysis (Same Category, Different Items): Compare the items in the same category but different items, use descriptive trend wordings) a. E.g. Same Item in Different Years 4. Vertical Analysis (Different Category, Different/Same Items): Compare the items in different categories but same items a. E.g. Same Year different items (Get the max. and min.) 5. Overall Analysis The Whole Trend and the Significant Values 6. Concluding Trend - Implication 9 P a g e L S H u b

10 Methods for Trend Description Method 1: General Description Paragraph 1: Overall Trend How many people? Percentage involved? Overall Increase / Decrease? Increase / Decrease how much? More or less than what? The problem and issue appear (E.g. It shows that..) Paragraph 2: X-axis Analysis Most significant figure of X-axis (Maximum and Minimum) - Trend of X-axis Calculate percentage change (how much) Compare different items in X-axis (XXX has the most and YYY has the least, it show that XXX deals with than YYY.) Paragraph 3: Y-axis Analysis Most significant figure of Y-axis (Maximum and Minimum) - Trend of Y-axis Calculate percentage change (how much) Compare different items in Y-axis (XXX has the most and YYY has the least, it show that XXX deals with than YYY.) Paragraph 4: Overall Analysis (Implication) Link the relationship between X and Y axis What overall phenomenon has appear? The problem shown through the implication. 10 P a g e L S H u b

11 Method 2: Specific Trend Description Usually, in order to get 4-5 marks, you need to include 3 specific trends. Template: Paragraph 1 Trend 1 1. The Trend you will be talking about 2. What has been shown in the statistic to prove your trend, describe the corresponding statistic 3. Proving your trend 4. Implication (Short Conclusion) Repeat the trend Paragraph 2 Trend 2 1. The Trend you will be talking about 2. What has been shown in the statistic to prove your trend, describe the corresponding statistic 3. Proving your trend 4. Implication (Short Conclusion) Repeat the trend Paragraph 3 Trend 3 1. The Trend you will be talking about 2. What has been shown in the statistic to prove your trend, describe the corresponding statistic 3. Proving your trend 4. Implication (Short Conclusion) Repeat the trend 11 P a g e L S H u b

12 Elements for Taking full marks in Trend Description 1. Describe at least 3 objectives/trends 2. Provide at least 2 implications 3. Clearly and logically explain the source 4. Structure is precise, strong and expression is clear. General Template of Trend Description According to the source, (Overall Trend). From the source, it mentioned that (The relevant statistic from the source). This means that (vertical/horizontal situation). Therefore, it implies that (Short Conclusion Overall Trend). Common Mistake 1. Did not connect the relationship between the statistic and the phenomenon -> Need to explain the phenomenon appear 2. Only describe the basic content, lack of specific elaboration -> Need to use specific terms (E.g. Increased gradually, fluctuation.) 3. Quote the wrong numbers 4. Mis-using Percentage Change Formula (Percentage Change occurs when there is a time difference/time change) 12 P a g e L S H u b

13 Vocabularies for Trend Description 13 P a g e L S H u b

14 How to deal with different statistical diagrams? Chart Line Graph Bar Chart Pie Chart Vertical and Horizontal Comparison Find max. and min. Pay attention on time change First and Last Time Comparison Significant Transitioning Points X and Y-axis Slope Calculation to see change Comparison of different items (Max and Min) If more than 1 bar combine, compare the bars. Check out the genre if such case The largest proportion and the least proportion Arrange the order and the ratio In DSE, basic chart will commonly appear because to test more on your organization ability. Really testing your understanding about statistical reading. 14 P a g e L S H u b

15 Hint and Techniques 1. Use percentage change formula whenever talking about time change (E.g. Difference between 2002 and 2003) New Old Percentage Change = 100% Old 2. Do comparison a. Horizontal Comparison (Different item, same category) b. Vertical Comparison (Same item, different category) c. Overall Comparison (The overall trend) d. Significant Data (E.g. Max. and Min. distance, drastic change ) 3. Overall Trend (5-20 words) a. Concluding and explaining the phenomenon of the society 4. Categorize into groups a. For simpler organization and show critical understanding (E.g. U.S.A. -> Developed Country, Conceptualization!!!) b. Set different indicators by your own (E.g. Over half/less than half, Easy/Hard ) 5. Use descriptive terms/adjectives to describe the statistic (E.g. Drastically decrease, stable ) 15 P a g e L S H u b

16 Student Common Questions Question: If the source figure is not even or cannot see clear implications, what can I do? Solution 1: Don t do it, find another objective/implication Solution 2: Fluctuation - From the source, you can see that the number is not even between each form, therefore, the is very fluctuated, affecting. Solution 3: There are no direct relationship between the 2 objectives Fluctuation: Unstable *** This 4 marks is the easiest 4 marks to get in LS exam or even in DSE, you must try to get 4 out of 4 in this question in order to replace mark deduction in other questions.*** If you really don t know, then we suggest you guys to search for sub-totals and total amounts 16 P a g e L S H u b

17 Special Words of Trend Descriptions (Terms) Term Meaning Suggest to use in Gradually Increased/decreased Slowly Trend Increase/Decrease Steadily Increased/decreased in a stable Trend Increase/Decrease rate Fluctuated Not stable, ups and downs Trend Sharply Increased/decreased Trend Increase/Decrease significantly, a lot Drastically Decrease Decreased a lot Trend Continuously Increased/Decreased in a similar Trend Increase/Decrease rate Stable/In a constant Stable, not fluctuated, normal, Trend rate same Improving The situation becomes better Trend Deteriorating The situation becomes worser Trend Generally / Mainly The overall situation Pattern Positively/Negatively Correlated with Positive/Negative Relationship ( 正比 / 反比關係 ) Pattern Usually Increase/Decrease Usually Increase/Decrease ( 整體上升 / 下降 ) Pattern Higher/Lower 比較低 / 比較多 Features Changed 改變 Features Performs well/badly 表現良好 / 惡劣 Performance In Shrinkage 逐漸式微 General Description In lead 帶頭領導 ( 上升 ) General Description Leaping forward 躍升 General Description Falling Back 退後 General Description The result is improved/worsen 成績進步 / 倒退 Performance 17 P a g e L S H u b

18 Sample Demonstration 1 Source A Statistics of Agriculture in Hong Kong (Source: LS_DSE_2016 Paper 1_Q1 Adapted Source A) (a) Describe the trends in agriculture in Hong Kong as shown in source A. (4 marks) 18 P a g e L S H u b

19 Sample Essay (4/4 marks) Firstly, according to the source, the area of land for agriculture in Hong Kong keeps decreasing. The area decreases sharply from 1995 s 2070 tones to 830 tones in 2005 which has decreased for around 60%, more than half. It then gradually decreases from 2005 s 830 tons to 2013 s 730 tons which is just only around 12%. Comparatively, modern agricultural area of land decreases less than before. However, the land area for agriculture is constantly decreasing. Therefore, Hong Kong agricultural development is dropping down. Secondly, according to the source, the local vegetable production amount in 1995 is tons. It then sharply decreased to only tons in 2005 which is around 71.5%. After that, it gradually decreased to tons in 2013 which is only 36%. Therefore, the local vegetable production amount keeps decreasing. The development of Hong Kong agriculture is dropping down. 19 P a g e L S H u b

20 Thirdly, by considering the proportion of local vegetable production amount to the total vegetable eating amount. In 1995, the proportion of local vegetable production is around 17% of the total amount. The proportion then turn distant to only 1.9% of the total amount in 2013, that s a 15.1% distance. From this, you can know that the local vegetable production contains a very less amount of total vegetable amount in Hong Kong. Therefore, the agricultural development of Hong Kong is gradually declining and has not been an important part in Hong Kong economic development. Clearly describes the 3 trends of Hong Kong agricultural situation Describe the 3 trends in details and with appropriate calculation and conclusions Appropriately and wisely use the sources provided correctly Clear structure and coherent More Examples from HKEAA: ormation/category_a_subjects/lib_st/sp/2016.html 20 P a g e L S H u b

21 Sample Demonstration 2 (Source: LS_DSE_2017 Paper 1_Q1 Adapted Source A) (a) Describe the pattern of acceptance of different ethnic minority groups by Hong Kong ethnic Chinese as shown in source A. (4 marks) Demonstration Example from HKEAA: rmation/category_a_subjects/lib_st/sp/2017.html 21 P a g e L S H u b

22 Sample Essay (4/4 marks) From the source, the least minority who Hong Kong people can accept them are the Africans and the highest acceptance minority are the Japanese. Firstly, the acceptance of Africans is only ranging from 18.6% to 70.3% but the acceptance of Japanese is ranging from a minimum of 71.6% to the highest 92.9%. The minimum acceptance of Japanese is even higher than the maximum of the Africans. In general, Hong Kong people have higher acceptance with people in developed countries as shown in the statistics such as Americans, Europeans and Japanese. However, they have lower acceptance with people in developing countries such as Africans, South Asians like India, Nepal, Pakistani. Therefore, Hong Kong people have different level of acceptance with different ethnic minorities. Secondly, Hong Kong people can accept being friends with ethnic minorities is the highest. Ranging from the least, 70.0% by the South Asians and the highest 92.9% by the Japanese. Hong Kong people have a high degree of acceptance being friends with ethnic minorities. The least acceptance is marrying with them, it only ranges from the 22 P a g e L S H u b

23 least 18.6% by the Africans and the highest only 71.6% by the Japanese. Therefore, in these close relationship events, Hong Kong people cannot have a high degree of acceptance with them. Shows 2 detailed and clear trends of the mode of acceptance of the ethnic minorities Clearly and describe the modes in a detailed way Appropriately and wisely use the sources correctly Clear structure and coherent Hint and Strategies*** You may not necessarily write 3 trends, you may also write 2 trends as long as they are detailed and clear. For mode questions, you require more generalization: o You need to generalize more on the statistics o Suggestion: Group them into different groups E.g. Africans, South Asians -> Developing Countries, Americans, Japanese -> Developed Countries E.g. Being friends, studying in same classroom -> Low intimacy, marriage -> High intimacy 23 P a g e L S H u b

24 Sample Demonstration 3 (Source: LS_DSE_2015 Paper 1_Q3 Adapted Sources A, B) (a) Based on the source, compare the level of happiness in Singapore and Hong Kong, and compare the patterns of satisfaction with quality of life in these two places. (5 marks) 24 P a g e L S H u b

25 Sample Demonstration from HKEAA: (Level 5) 25 P a g e L S H u b

26 Sample Demonstration from HKEAA: (Level 3) (Source from HKEAA: ormation/category_a_subjects/lib_st/sp/2017.html ) 26 P a g e L S H u b

27 Sample Demonstration 4 (Source: CT_Magazine/issues/issue51_May16/Happy.pdf) (Modified from LS_DSE_2017_Paper 1_Q3(a)) (a) Based on the source, compare the level of happiness in Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and compare the patterns of satisfaction with quality of life in these 3 places. (5 marks) 27 P a g e L S H u b

28 Sample Essay (5/5 marks) Firstly, Hong Kong s overall happiness index is the lowest comparing to Japan and South Korea. The full mark is 10 and according to the source, Hong Kong s overall happiness index mean score is just 6.83 but comparing to Japan and South Korea which are 7.41 and 7.01 respectively where Japan is higher than Hong Kong 0.58 marks and South Korea is higher than Hong Kong for 0.18 marks. Hong Kong is the lowest where it cannot even reach the 7-mark level. Therefore, comparing to the 2 developed Asian Cities, Hong Kong has the lowest happiness index. Secondly, the worst measure item towards quality of life in Hong Kong is housing. The mean score is just 4.05 which it didn t even get a pass. Among all measuring items in Hong Kong, housing has the worse result. Comparing to Japan s 6.45 marks and South Korea 6.19 marks, there is a more than 2 marks difference. Therefore, Hong Kong has a very poor result in housing. Hong Kong s housing situation is not satisfactory. 28 P a g e L S H u b

29 Thirdly, Hong Kong s quality of life is generally worse than the 2 other Asian countries in all aspects. 3 out of 6 measuring items in Hong Kong didn t get a passing score (5) where Japan has get all pass and South Korea had just 1 failed. Furthermore, by comparing all items, Hong Kong always has the least score among the 2 other Asian countries. Such as the highest score in Hong Kong 6.62 on leisure and entertainment, Japan and Singapore had an even higher score which is 7.78 and 7.92 respectively, higher than Hong Kong for more than 1 mark and for all other items, Hong Kong always has the least mark. Therefore, Hong Kong s quality of life is worse than the 2 other compared Asian countries. 3 Trend Objectives Comparing between Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea but remain Hong Kong as main objective Calculation and Clear Comparison Comparing between the same category and different category Clear Structure 29 P a g e L S H u b

30 Sample Essay (3/5 marks) Overall, Hong Kong has the lowest overall level of happiness. It is just 6.83 marks which is lower than Japan and South Korea. Also, the best performance of Hong Kong is leisure and entertainment, Hong Kong scored 6.62 which has the highest score among all Hong Kong sub-items. The worse performance of Hong Kong is Housing, Hong Kong only scored 4.05 which has the lowest score among all Hong Kong sub-items. The best performance of Japan is leisure and entertainment which they scored The worse performance of Japan is environment which they only scored The best performance of South Korea is leisure and entertainment which they scored The worse performance of South Korea is Politics and Society which they only scored P a g e L S H u b

31 Showed the overall situation and Hong Kong Situation Structure is quite clear and organised Described the Basic Trend for Hong Kong Happiness Index Did not compare between Hong Kong and Japan + South Korea (Did not compare with different categories) No calculation of comparison No meaning of significance of the marks Hint for Comparing Trend Questions: Must compare between different categories o Compare the largest/least amount of the own category to the same item of the other category Should include the overall situation, describe the trend of the overall situation Set your own indicator to define scores (E.g. Passing Score is 50% -> Most common) 31 P a g e L S H u b

32 Sample Demonstration 5 Source A - The % contribution of different types of industries to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China Year Primary 27.1% 20.0% 15.1% 12.1% 10.1% 10.0% Industry Secondary 41.4% 47.1% 45.9% 47.4% 46.7% 43.9% Industry Tertiary Industry 31.5% 32.9% 39.0% 40.5% 43.2% 46.1% *Primary industry includes farming, forestry etc. Secondary industry includes manufacturing industry, construction industry etc. Tertiary Industry includes retailing, financial services, etc. Source B - The percentage of rural population in the total population of China Year Percentage of Rural Population Source C A cartoon about the incomes in urban and rural areas in China (Source: LS_DSE_2015 Paper 1_Q1 Adapted Sources A, B and C) 32 P a g e L S H u b

33 (a) With the reference to the source, describe the changes in the condition of sannong (agriculture, rural area and farmer) in China. (5 marks) (Modified from LS_DSE_2015_Paper 1_Q1(a)) ~Notes~ More demonstration from HKEAA: _information/category_a_subjects/lib_st/sp/2015.html 33 P a g e L S H u b

34 Sample Essay (5/5 marks) Firstly, according to source A, the performance in agriculture in China is in shrinkage. From the source, the contribution of GDP in Primary Industry which mainly includes agriculture has decreased a lot from 27.1% in 1990 to 10.0% in 2013 which is more than 1 times. Oppositely, the contribution of GDP in Secondary Industry and Tertiary Industry has an increasing trend like in terms of Secondary Industry, it has increased from 41.4% in 1990 to 43.9% in 2013 which has increased for 2.5%. In terms of tertiary industry, it has increased from 31.5% in 1990 to 46.1% in 2013 which has increased for 14.6%. Therefore, Primary industries and agriculture had been shrivelling in China. Secondly, the percentage of rural population in the total population of China has stably decreasing. From source B, the percentage of rural population in 1990 is 73.6%, it then decreased to only 46.3% in 2013 which is less than half of the total population, it decreased for around 30%. Therefore, you can see people move to urban areas due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The proportion of rural population is getting more less. 34 P a g e L S H u b

35 Thirdly, according to source C, the income of farmers cannot catch up with urban residents. From the cartoon, it shows that a farmer carrying a piece of Renminbi, hitting the horse hardly to make the horse move faster. However, in another side, there is a high-speed train carrying the income of urban residents carrying a bunch of Renminbi. The train is a lot faster and further away than the farmers. This implies that the income of farmers cannot catch up with income of urban residents and this shows the disparity between the rich and the poor ~ The rich urban residents and the poor farmers. Therefore, more and more people leave rural areas to urban areas. In conclusion, the condition of sannong is getting more shrivel. There is a huge change in sannong in China and less and less people deal in with agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Can describe the change of sannong in time Uses simple calculation to describe the change Uses the sources widely and correctly 3 Clear Changes descriptions Clear Structure and coherent 35 P a g e L S H u b

36 Exercise for Practice I ***For Exercises, you may complete it by your own and contact with LS Hub members, you can complete it and submit it to LS Hub for free marking or we will send you the marking scheme via to your own. Any queries, please contact LS Hub. *** (Source: LS_DSE_2012_Practice Paper_Q2) (a) Using source A, identify the trends as shown in the statistics on Hong Kong Young People aged (Retrieved from LS_DSE_2012_PP_Q2(a)) (4 marks) (b) ***What might have been the challenges for young people aged in 2006 as reflected in source A? Explain your answer. (6 marks) (Retrieved from LS_DSE_2012_PP_Q2(b)) 36 P a g e L S H u b

37 Exercise for Practice II (Source: LS_DSE_2013_Practice Paper_Q1) (a) Compare the carbon monoxide level data on the two days shown in source A. (4 marks) (Retrieved from LS_DSE_2013_PP_Q1(a)) (b) The idling engine ban is an effective policy to control the carbon monoxide level Do you agree? Explain your answer with the reference to Source A and your own knowledge. (6 marks) 37 P a g e L S H u b

38 Consolidation and Summary 1. Find the following things: a. Largest Significant Data b. Smallest Significant Data c. The Most Significant Data/Change d. 3 Objectives that can be described i. Age ii. Gender iii. Amount iv. Year v. Observe the X-axis vi. Observe the Y-axis 2. Calculate the changes between different data 3. Vertical Analysis - Different year performance 4. Horizontal Analysis - Different items performance (Largest and smallest) within one year 5. Connect the relationship between your data and the phenomenon in the society E.g. From the chart, you can see that more males suicide than female, it shows that there may be gender stereotypes giving more pressure on male than female. 38 P a g e L S H u b

39 ~Notes~ 39 P a g e L S H u b

40 ~Notes~ 40 P a g e L S H u b

41 ~Notes~ 41 P a g e L S H u b

42 LS Hub LS Hub tends to provide wide DSE Liberal Studies notes and Life & Society Notes for students to understand more on LS. We have provided different variety of LS notes in no matter teaching knowledges, skills or applications. The Human Hub is also a sub-hub providing Humanities Notes. As Humanities learning objectives are very similar to Liberal Studies curriculum. We will combine Human Hub back to LS Hub after the end of the summer holiday when reaching Form 4. For better learning of this piece of note, LS Hub had established a learning video channel to teach LS. Please search the corresponding video for this note in our channel: *** All notes are written copyrighted by LS Hub ( LS Hub). Do not copy, steal or re-distributing this piece of note without LS Hub member s permission. *** 42 P a g e L S H u b

43 Website: LS Hub QR Code: Official Send s to us if you have any questions or enquiries, private WhatsApp s to any of our Hub Members are also fine. Today s Source Info: HKEAA Examples and Essay Markings t_information/category_a_subjects/hkdse_subj.html?a 1&1&3_25 *** All notes are written copyrighted by LS Hub ( LS Hub). Do not copy, steal or re-distributing this piece of note without LS Hub member s permission. *** 43 P a g e L S H u b