Air Quality monitoring and management in Finland Current developments and international co-operation

Transcription

1 Air Quality monitoring and management in Finland Current developments and international co-operation Director Harri Pietarila Head of Expert Services Finnish Meteorological Institute

2 Air Quality in Finland

3 PM 10 annual average concentrations in Europe

4 Number of Measurements Air Quality Measurements in Finland

5 FMI Air Quality - responsibilities Responsible for background AQ measurements and for urban and industrial measurements on contract bases National Reference Laboratory on Air Quality National Air Quality Portal, assessments and reporting Support other authorities in Air Quality Management Research Expert Services

6 New developments in air quality measurements Research infrastructures, synergies with other research institutes and universities - supersites On-line measurement techniques instead of sampling and laboratory analysis Integration of high-level measurements with suplementary, remote sensing and modelling MARGA (aerosols and gases) SO 2, HNO 3, HCl, NH 3 and basic ions in two size fractions PM 2.5 and PM 10 Mobile Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol Chemical Speciation Skyvan

7 Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS RI) ICOS provides harmonized and high precision scientific data on carbon cycle and greenhouse gas budget and perturbations ICOS data is openly available at the ICOS Carbon Portal Legal entity ICOS ERIC established in November 2015 with the statutory seat in Finland ICOS Head Office located in Kumpula campus More than 100 measurement stations and VOS lines, expected to have 150 in 5 years Operational costs approx. 10 M /year, National networks ~45 M ICOS is an European contribution to many international observing systems and initiatives

8 Demonstration of equivalence of PM2,5 and PM10 methods in Finland Reference method & candidate methods INSTRUMENTS REPRESENTATIVE / MANUFACTURER Method PM10/PM2.5 inlet Sample tube Field campaign Kuopio REFERENCE SAMPLER Leckel SEQ 47/50 Sequential sampler Leckel Ambient T/S ENVIRONNEMENT SA Shield tube, Environnement MP-101+CPM (France) β-attenuation + optical Environment EN ambient temp T/S GRIMM-180 SHARP 5030 FMI, Estonian Environmental Research Centre (Estonia) Optical (light scattering) Grimm Shield tube, T/S FMI / THERMO Electron Co, (USA) Light scattering +βattenuation Digitel /EN Heated 35 ºC T/S FH-62-IR FMI / THERMO Electron Co, (USA) β-attenuation Digitel /EN Heated 35 ºC T/S BAM 1020 Estonian Environmental Research Centre (Estonia) β-attenuation US-EPA Heated 40 ºC T/S TEOM-1405 JPP-kalibrointi ky, FMI Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance US-EPA Heated 50 ºC T/S OSIRIS Hnu-Nordion (Finland) / Turnkey Instruments Optical (nephelometer) Osiris Heated 35 ºC T/S DUST TRAK DRX 8533 TSI Inc (USA) Optical (light scattering) TSI Ambient S Obs: Dust Trak joined the comparison after the 1st site 8

9 PM10 & PM2.5 Calibration correction by CM

10 Many Scales of Dispersion Modelling

11 Applications of Dispersion Modelling Air quality assessment and planning City planning, land usage planning, traffic planning Environmental Impact Assessments for energy production and other industries Planning of emission reduction operations Examination of unexpected accidents Input data for exposure modeling Forecasting

12 Integrated use of models and data Monitoring Models Satellite Goal: operational system taking into account all sources of information

13 Satellite - Air Quality Sodankylä A-Train NASA MODIS- and MISR-Derived PM2.5 ( ) NO2 ( )

14 Global AQ forecast ( SO2, NO, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, PM2.5) see also :

15 LES (Large Edge Simulation) modelling to support city planning 2/27/

16 FMI-ENFUSER Information fusion using open access and globally available datasets Hourly average NO2, PM2.5, PM10 and O3 Adapts to recent measured AQ data Can be calibrated and used without local emission inventories Meteorological Data Regional AQ Forecasts AQ measurements Emission Inventories (if available) GIS- Datasets, Land use, traffic etc

17 Demonstration in Asia A demonstration in Langfang, China, utilizing 5 installed PM2.5 sensors. Continues with more sensors (3x) and regional AQ model data being included. Also, EnFuser will be demonstrated (2016 ) in Delhi, India as a part of CLIMOB project. Figure: A closer look at the hourly PM2.5 concentration in Langfang, given by FMI-ENFUSER visualization toolbox. Predicted vs. observed An example of estimated PM2.5 concentration time series based on the sensor data in Langfang. The selected example location is just outside of Silver City Hotel, Langfang 17

18 FMI-ENFUSER model integration with Suplementary Air Quality Measurements Supplementary air quality networks Conventional network Supplementary dense network Weather + air quality Air quality measurements are typically made with fixed ground-based monitoring stations, which cost several 100 k These stations can only represent a very local area The AQT410/420 concept enables dense but cost efficient measurement networks Improving air quality monitoring improves also air quality modelling and forecasting It can also be used to alert people about potential health risks Weather effects the air quality and air quality affects the weather. AQT transmitters can be connected with WXT to get a more complete picture This improves air quality forecasting Page 18 Vaisala

19 New Finnish Air Quality measurement Technology Vaisala new air quality transmitters for supplementary air quality networks AQT410 AQT420 Measures NO 2, SO 2, CO and O 3 Measures NO 2, SO 2, CO and O 3 and also PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate Matter 19 Page Vaisala 3/3/2017

20 International co-operation & expert services Over 100 countries, Air Quality Projects implemented in over 30 countries S-E Europe Central Asia Caribbean SIDS Andean region Pacific SIDS Project Ongoing Project in Preparation Scientific Collaboration Completed cooperation or consulting project in the country

21 EU Twinning project Further strengthening the capacities for effective implementation of the acquis in the field of air quality Macedonia 5/2015-1/2017 COMPONENT 1 Strengthened capacities for the central environmental laboratory in the field of air quality measurements, emission measurements and chemical analyses related to air pollution COMPONENT 2 Strengthening of capacities for performing emission inventories and dispersion modelling including exposure modelling COMPONENT 3 Air quality data management and reporting of air quality related information and use of air quality information to support environmental policy and planning and implementation of Clean Air Action Plans further improved COMPONENT 4 Strengthened capacities for health impact assessment of air pollution to human health

22 EU Twinning Project Upgrading the National Environmental Monitoring System (NEMS) of Azerbaijan on the base of EU practises Component 1 Institutional framework Component 2 Component 3 Development of technical systems in environmental monitoring Capacity building and training Component 4 Practical implementation of the modernized systems by real case studies

23 Enhancing Air Quality Monitoring System in St. Petersburg Total FMI Budget 950Keur + several millions Euros Russian budget for investments and work, Financing: Finnish Ministry of the Environment and City of St. Petersburg Main Achievements: Development and improvement of the air quality monitoring system in St. Petersburg New methodologies and legal documents were created Online data exchange between air quality stations in Finland and Russia Development of new methodology for ship emission inventory and impact assessment

24 Thank you! Ilmatieteen laitos Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki PL 503, Helsinki, puh Meteorologiska institutet Erik Palméns plats 1, Helsingfors PB 503, Helsingfors tel Finnish Meteorological Institute Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI Helsinki P.O.Box 503, FI Helsinki tel Facebook: FMIBeta Workshop "Cooperation on hydrometeorolog 10/05/2012 between Vietnam and Finland" 24