SWAT Conference 2013 July 17-19, 2013 Toulouse, France. Development of the SWAT-Integrated Critical Zone Model

Transcription

1 SWAT Conference 2013 July 17-19, 2013 Toulouse, France Development of the SWAT-Integrated Critical Zone Model Nikolaidis N.P., Valstar J., Rowe E., Moirogiorgou K.

2 The Critical Zone: Treetop to Bedrock S O I L FUNCTIONS Food and fibre production Filtering water Transforming nutrients Carbon storage Biological habitat Gene pool EU Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, EC (2006) outlines soil functions and soil threats.

3 Modeling Soil Functions and Soil Threats Soil Functions 1. F o o d a n d b i o m a s s production 2. C a r b o n a n d n i t r o g e n s e q u e s t r a t i o n 3. H a b i t a t a n d g e n e p o o l ( b i o d i v e r s i t y ) 4. F i l t e r i n g a n d t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s Soil Threats 1. L o s s o f o r g a n i c m a t t e r 2. L o s s o f b i o d i v e r s i t y 3. E r o s i o n 4. C o m p a c t i o n

4 Integrated CZ Model - Soil Functions C/N Sequestration C/N Cycle and Structure Model CAST (TUC- BOKU-USHEF) H2O transformations Acid- Base Chemistry, Weathering - ForSAFE (DELTARES-LUND) Plant Production Model PROSUM (CEH) Hydrology and Solute Transport HYDRUS 1D (DELTARES) and SWAT (TUC) Integrated CZ Model Terrestrial Ecology Model TEM (WU) Biomass Production Biodiversity

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6 CAST Model Conceptual Structure

7 ROTH-C MODEL DPM/RPM ratio crops and improved grassland: 1.44 unimproved grassland and scrub: 0.67 Forest: 0.25 Initialize 7 with cropland: DPM+RPM=POC BIO+HUM+IOM=silt-clay related carbon BIO = 3% of SOC IOM = 0.049*SOC Determined by f(clay) Decay: Y e -abckt, t: 1/12 a: modifying factor for temperature b: modifying factor for moisture c: modifying factor for soil cover k: the decomposition rate constant, y -1 ROTHC-CALIBRATION ISSUES AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

8 CAST Model Conceptual Structure Plant Litter RPM DPMC RPMc BIO HUM IOM AC1: <53 BIO HUM IOM DPMf RPMf AC2: μm BIO HUM IOM DPMf RPMf BIO HUM IOM DPMf DPMc RPMf RPMc AC2: μm AC1: <53 μm AC3: >250 μm Fluxes of plant litter and fragmentation of plant material MACROAGGREGATION MICROAGGREGATION MACROAGGREGATE DESTRUCTION Production of Emmissions due to decomposition Fluxes of decomposition products (BIO and HUM) Stamati, F.E., Nikolaidis, NP, Banwart, S.W., Blum, A., Coupled Carbon, Aggregation, and Structure Turnover Model for topsoils, GEODERMA (In Press)

9 Carbon Amendments Soil Fertility and Structure

10 TOC (g/kg) TOC (g/kg) Carbon Sequestration ( ) TOC (0-15 cm) TOC (0-15 cm) Inorganic Fertilizer Compost Manure Compost 70% Manure 30% Inorganic Fertilizer Compost Manure Compost 70% Manure 30% 17 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12

11 Yield (kg/plant) Carbon Amendments Primary Productivity Yield (kg/plant) inorganic fertilizer compost manure 70% compost, 30% manure fruits leaves stems conventional fertilizers compost manure 70% compost, 30% manure fruits leaves stems roots conventional fertilizers compost manure % compost, 30% manure

12 Carbon Amendments Soil Fertility and Structure

13 Biomass Production 1D-ICZ Model Plant Module Results

14 1D-ICZ Model Solute Transport Module Results Water Filtration and Transformation

15 1D-ICZ Model C/N/P and Soil Structure Module Simulation of 2 year of Compost Addition Carbon sequestration Water Stable Aggregates soil fertility Porosity & Bulk Density soil structure

16 Irrigation REvap Hydrologic Representation of SWAT ET Precipitation/Snow Melt Surface runoff (overland) Soil Layer 1 Lateral Flow ET Water Content Percolation Soil Layer 2 Lateral Flow Water Content Percolation (GW Recharge) Shallow Aquifer Water Storage Base Flow To Channel Deep aquifer flow

17 Soil Function Status of Koiliaris CZO Biomass Production Biodiversity

18 Soil Function Status of Koiliaris CZO Carbon Sequestration Water Filtration and Transformation

19 ICZ Model Dynamic Linking to Soil Structure Pedotransfer Functions WSA SOC BD Θs α n 1D-ICZ SWAT- ICZ As a function of WSA, SOC and BD

20 Conclusions and Scientific Advancement Rigorous simulation and quantification of critical soil functions and ecosystem services: C, N and P storage in soils, a fundamental soil function which is simulated dynamically, including relationships between soil structure and organic matter protection; Biomass production including effects of mycorrhizae and exudates on nutrient acquisition; Quantification of C in microorganisms, fungi and consumers, as an index of soil biodiversity; and Water transformations and filtration and simulation of the weathering of base cations / nutrient elements.

21 Thank You