Methanisierung von Biomasse CNG/LNG über thermochemische Verfahren

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1 Methanisierung von Biomasse CNG/LNG über thermochemische Verfahren Dr. Reinhard Rauch Vienna, University of Technology Bioenergy

2 CNG/LNG as transportation fuel 2

3 Problem: fuelling stations 179 public fuelling stations with CNG in Austria 85 Biodiesel (pure) 32 Ethanol (E85) 35 LPG 1433 Gasoline Super 1720 Diesel CNG App, almost from every car manufacterer 1786 Electric fuelling stations!!! Data from ÖAMTC 3

4 Problem: Cars Gasoline: 28 different types Diesel: 30 different types CNG: 3 different types Plug In Hybrid: only 1 Source: arkenseite%20modellstart&pk_kwd=golf 4

5 Basics of SNG gasification Gas cleaning (tars, sulphur) Gas treatment (H 2 :CO ratio, pressure) methanation Gas upgrading (CO 2, steam, H 2 removal) CH x O y -> H 2 + CO + CH 4 + CO 2 3H 2 + CO -> CH 4 + H 2 O C, Nickel catalyst fluidised bed, fixed bed or slurry reactor High Efficiency Usability of product Robust synthesis Know how available

6 Gasifiers for BioSNG Biomass Gasification Autothermal Allothermal Air O 2 /H 2 O H 2 O CO 2 Hu: low N 2 : high H 2 : low Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : high Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : high Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : medium

7 Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain Biomass 100 % Gasifier Gas % Catalyst CH % Heat Heat Folie 7

8 Future: Wind-Gas 8

9 R&D on BioSNG GoBiGas Dakota Gas Sweden USA Demonstration in 20 MW SNG production Commercial plant (uses lignite, not biomass) BioSNG Güssing Austria Demonstration Milena Gasification ECN, Netherlands R&D Heat Pipe Reformer Agnion, Germany R&D Fluidised bed methanation PSI, Switzerland R&D Coal to SNG China Demonstration / Commercial 9

10 ECN, The Netherlands Milena Gasifiers + OLGA gas cleaning 25kW and 800kW gasifiers for R&D Future: Large SNG-plants (100 MW+) 3 bcm/y in 2030 and 30 bcm/y in 2050 CNG break-through? LNG for trucks, boats (and aircrafts?) Combination with (petro)chemical industry with ethylene, benzene, syngas co-products pyrolysis combustion biomass air raw gas flue gas steamorco 2 or

11 Heat Pipe Reformer Developed at TU Munich Pressurised gasifier at 5 bar Demonstration plant in Germany

12 BIOMASS-TO TO-SYNTHETIC-NATURAL-GAS CO + 3 H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O Folie 12

13 Gasification Concept of Dual Fluid Producer Gas Flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion Biomass Circulation Additional Fuel Steam Air 13

14 Commercial FICFB Gasifiers Location Usage / Product Fuel / Product MW, MW Start up Supplier Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC / H fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Villach, AT Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Senden/Ulm DE Gas engine / ORC Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2 fuel / 0.5 el 2012 Göteborg, Sweden AE&E / Repotec Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Operational Operational On hold 14 fuel / 5 el 2011 Repotec Operational BioSNG 32 fuel /20 BioSNG 2013 Repotec / RevoGas Repotec / Valmet Operational Operational California R&D 1 MW fuel 2013 Greg Operational

15 Biomass CHP Güssing Technikum: FT synthesis Mixed Alcohols Hydrogen Gasifier BioSNG PDU Fuelling Station Folie 15

16 Results December 2008: First conversion of product gas into rawsng June 2009: BioSNG at H-Gas quality produced June 24 th : inauguration CNG cars were fuelled using BioSNG from wood June 2009 CNG-car was successfully used for 1000km with BioSNG Mothballed by end of 2009 Recommissioning during

17 Quality BioSNG Germany Austria unit DVGW regulation G260 ÖVGW regulation G31 BioSNG Wobbe Index [kwh/m³] 12,8-15,7 13,3-15,7 14,15 Relative density [-] 0,55-0,75 0,55-0,65 0,56 Higher heating value [kwh/m³] 8,4-13,1 10,7-12,8 10,7

18 Dual fluidised bed Gasifier (Güssing type) Fixed bed methanation from Haldor Topsoe Folie 18

19 Technology IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe 19

20 Results Gasification IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe 20

21 Folie 21

22 Nice cars 22

23 2 Biomass to Hydrogen

24 Combustion zone Gasification zone New design of gasifier: G-Volution no more limit in scaling-up, as there is no stationary fluidized bed anymore excellent gas-solids contact between catalytic bed material and product gas, so lower tar content increases of residence times for fuel particles as well as gases with regard to gas-solids interaction solids residence time distribution resembles a cascade of stirred vessels (dispersed downward movement of solids) 100 kw pilot plant at Vienna, University of Technology is in commissioning phase

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27 Conversion of wind and photovoltaic to transportation fuels H2 H2O electrolysis Gas cooling and cleaning Product gas CO2 removal Flue gas GASIFIER COMBUSTOR Biomass Steam + CO2 Air + additional fuel synthesis Upgrading CO2 diesel Kerosene SNG

28 Summary R&D on BioSNG is going on worldwide, but especially in Europe BioSNG has a very high efficiency (60-70% from biomass to SNG) One possibility for the transport sector (CNG cars) Method to use biomass also in large cities More info at Figure from Agnion