Vol. 31 No. 5 May x HCN / HCN /NH Hayhurst. Gardon. Fe 2 O 3 Fe. NO x NO x. Fe 2 O 3. 1 mg Fe 2 O 3 NO NO

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1 JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR THERMAL ENERGY AND POWER Vol. 31 No. 5 May NO NO x Fe NO NO Fe Fe 2 O 3 NO x HCN / 100 mg NO NH 3 NO Fe 2 O 3 NO Guan Fe N NO 800 HCN /NH 3 11 NO 1 mg Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 HCN NO 12 ~ % % % Fe 2 O 3 NO N 14 2 Fe 2 O ~ 2 mg Fe 2 O 3 NO % ~ % % Fe 2 O 3 NO 16 ~ NO NO 20 Hayhurst Fe NO Fe 2 O 3 NO HCN N 2 16 ~ NO Fe NO N 2 Fe NO 17 N 2 NO NO NO TK16 A DOI /j. cnki. rndlgc Gardon 18 ~ 19 Zhao Fe NO 20 NO x Fe NO CO 2 1 ~ 2 NO NO x 3 ~ 6 NO x Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO NO Fe 2 O 3 NO 7 ~ NO x 10 Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO ZR D

2 mm NO 10 h 1 Fe 2 O nm Fe % 100 nm mm mm Fig. 1 Diagram of a test system 1 1 Tab. 1 Industrial and elementary analysis of a biomass sample /% /% M ad A ad V ad FC ad C ad H ad O ad N ad S ad L /min 2. 1 NO 2 Fe 2 O 3 NO NO 2 a ~ 2 c 1. 14% 100 mg Fe 2 O mg 2 L /min Fe 2 O 3 / 2 Tab. 2 Test conditions /mg Fe 2 O 3 /mg Fe /mg / / / / / 1 NO 2 a Fe 2 O NO 7. 1% 7. 5% 900 NO % 2 b Fe 2 O NO % % 700

3 5 NO c Fe 2 O 3 N NO N 21 ~ 22 HCN /NH % % % HCN /NH 3 HCN /NH 3 NO NO Fe 2 O 3 HCN 12 ~ HCN 13 2Fe 2 O 3 + 3HCN 4Fe + 3CO + 3NO N 2 1 Hayhurst Lissianski Gardon 12 Fe NO ~ Fe + 3NO Fe 2 O N 2 2 HCN 1 Fe 2 O 3 N 2 HCN NO 2 Fe N HCN N 2 NO NO Fe 2 O 3 NO Fe 2 O Fe 2 O 3 NO 900 Fe 2 O 3 HCN Fe 2 O NO Fe 2 O 3 NO 2 Fe 2 O 3 NO Fig. 2 Curves of the NO real-time emissions of three kinds of biomass before and after the nano-fe 2 O 3 is added 3 a ~ 3 c Fe 2 O mg 100 mg 2 L /min 3 a mg Fe 2 O 3 NO 5. 87% % % 3 b Fe 2 O 3 NO 7. 95% %

4 % 3 c Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 O % % Fe 2 O % Fe 2 O 3 NO HCN 1 2 HCN NO Fe 2 O 3 1 HCN NO NO 900 Fe 2 O 3 NO 900 Fe 2 O 3 HCN Fe 2 O Fe 2 O 3 Fe Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO 4 a ~ 4 c 100 mg Fe 2 O 3 Fe 1 mg 2 L /min 4 a Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO % 4. 81% 4 b Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO % % 4 c Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO % % Fe NO NO Fe 2 O 3 NO Fe 2 O 3 NO HCN NO 1 2 Fe NO N Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO NO Fe NO Fig. 3 Curves of the NO real-time emissions of NO three kinds of biomass when the nano-fe 2 O 3 Fe in various doses is added

5 5 NO 133 O 3 NO NO 800 NO Fe 2 O 3 NO Fe 2 O 3 NO 3 Fe NO Fe 2 O 3 4 Fe 2 O 3 NO HCN N 2 NO Fe NO N 2 NO ~ Werther J Saenger M Hartge E U et al. Combustion of agricultural residues J. Progress in energy and combustion science J Fe 2 O 3 Fe NO Fig. 4 Curves of the NO real-time emissions of three kinds of biomass when the nano-fe 2 O 3 and nano - Fe are added respectively YANG Zheng-hu YUAN Yi-chao LIU Yu-zheng et al. Development and research of biomass energy systems J. Journal of Shanghai University of Science and Technology J CHEN Han-ping LI Bin YANG Hai-ping et al. Status quo and prospect of the biomass combustion technology J. Industrial Boiler J Fe WU Chuang-zhi LIU Hua-cai YIN Xiu-li. Analysis of the development of the biomass gasification technologyj. Journal of Fuel Chemistry

6 NO J LIU Chun-yuan LUO Yong-hao ZHANG Rui-zhi et al. Experimental study of the NO reduction during the reburning of tar-contained biomass gasfication syngas J. Journal of Shanghai University of Science and Technology Lissianski V V Maly P M Zamansky V M. Utilization of iron ad- 5. ditives for advanced control of NO x emissions from stationary combustion sourcesj. Industry and Engineering Chemistry Research J HAO Hong-tao YU Wei LU Ping et al. Factors influencing the 6. advanced reburning and denitrification of biomass and element release J characteristicsj. Journal of Fuel Chemistry WANG Shuang JIANG Xiu-min WANG Qian et al. Experimental study of the quick pyrolysis of enteromorpha clathrata to prepare bio-oil under various conditionsj. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power Houshfar E Skreiberg Todorovi c ' D et al. NO x emission reduction by staged combustion in grate combustion of biomass fuels and fuel mixtures J. Fuel Houshfar E Skreiberg L v s T et al. Effect of excess air ratio and temperature on NO x emission from grate combustion of biomass in the staged air combustion scenarioj. Energy & Fuels Roger S. Fuel staging for NO x reduction in biomass combustion experiments and modelingj. Energy & Fuels Thomas N. Combustion and co-combustion of biomass fundamentals technologies and primary measures for emission reduction J. Energy & Fuels GUAN Ren-gui LI Wen CHEN Hao-kan et al. The release of nitrogen species during pyrolysis of model chars loaded with different additives J. Fuel Processing Technology Hayhurst A N Ninomiya Y. Kinetics of the conversion of NO to N 2 during the oxidation of iron particles by NO in a hot fluidized bedj. Chemical Engineering Science Hayhurst A N Lawrence A D. The reduction of the nitrogen oxides NO and N 2 O to molecular nitrogen in the presence of iron its oxides and carbonmonoxide in a hot fluidized bedj. Combustion and Flame Gradon B Lasek J. Investigation of reduction of NO to N 2 by reaction with Fe J. Fuel NO J S SU Ya-xin SU A-long CHENG Hao. Experimental study of metal iron to directly catalyze and reduce NOJ. Journal of Coal S ZHAO Zong-bin Li Wen LI Bao-qing. Catalytic reduction of NO by coal chars loaded with Ca and Fe in various atmospheres J. Fuel Glarborg P A Jensen J E Johns S. Fuel nitrogen conversion in solid fuel fired systemsj. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science BENSON B G CHEN Wei-yin. Fe 2 O 3 22ZHOU H Jensen A D Glarborg P et al. Formation and reduction HCN J SU Ya-xin Benson B G CHEN Wei-yin. Experimental study of the intermediate product HCN controlled by re-burning and denitrification of Fe 2 O 3 J. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae of nitric oxide in fixed-bed combustion of strawj. Fuel J LIU HaoHUANG Lin. Several problems relating to the design and operation of a rice husk-fired fluidized bedj. Industrial 13TAN Hou-zhangWANG Xue-bin NIU Yang-qing et al. Studies of interaction mechanism between iron and HCN J. Asian Journal of Chemistry Boiler

7 5 159 NO = Characteristics of the NO Emissions Controlled by Nano Ironbased Additives During Biomass Combustion and Its MechanismWU Ming-yang ZHAO Bing-tao College of Energy Source and Power Engineering Shanghai University of Science and Technology Shanghai China Post Code SU Ya-xin College of Environment Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai ChinaPost Code / /Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power ~ 134 To control the NO emissions during the biomass combustion a method to add nano iron-based additives to biomass was used to study the inhibition of NO production during the combustion process. In an one-dimensional tubular furnace the NO emission characteristics of three typical kinds of biomass corn stalk rice husk and sawdust 100 mg containing the nano Fe 2 O 3 additive were experimentally studied at a temperature of and 900 respectively. It has been found that Fe 2 O 3 can effectively lower the peak value of NO. With an increase of the temperature the descending rate of the NO peak value of corn stalk and sawdust will increase however that of the rice husk will arrive at its maximum value at 800. At different temperatures when a weight of 1 mg Fe 2 O 3 is added the maximum descending rates of the NO peak values of corn stalk rice husk and sawdust will be % % and % respectively. When a weight of 0. 5 to 2 mg Fe 2 O 3 is added the maximum descending rates of the NO peak value of corn stalk rice husk and sawdust will be % % and % respectively at 900. The effectiveness of the nano Fe 2 O 3 to lower the NO emissions is superior to that of the nano single substance Fe. According to the path and mechanism governing the conversion of N during the biomass combustion process it can be predicted that Fe 2 O 3 will mainly reduce the precursor HCN of NO to N 2 thus inhibiting the production of NO while the single substance Fe will mainly reduce the NO produced to N 2 to lower the NO emissions. Key words biomass combustion NO nano iron-based additive emission control = Analysis of the Causes for Dust Deposition on the Low Temperature Heating Surface of a Bagasse-fired Boiler and Their SolutionsWANG Guang-pei JIANG Wen Huadian Electric Power Science Research Institute Hangzhou China Post Code Hang- zhou Huadian Energy Source Engineering Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China Post Code / /Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power ~ 140 In the light of the phenomenon that it is easy for dust to deposit on the low temperature heating surface of a bagassefired boiler during the actual operation process analyzed were the operating parameters and in combination with the