Green Energy and Technology

Transcription

1 Green Energy and Technology

2 More information about this series at

3 F.M. Rabiul Islam Kabir Al Mamun Maung Than Oo Amanullah Editors Smart Energy Grid Design for Island Countries Challenges and Opportunities 123

4 Editors F.M. Rabiul Islam School of Engineering and Physics University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji Maung Than Oo Amanullah School of Engineering Deakin University Truganina Australia Kabir Al Mamun School of Engineering and Physics University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji ISSN ISSN (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 Preface Island countries are extremely vulnerable to the risks of climate changes. These island nations will suffer an uneven share of the global consequences when climate change accelerates. Furthermore island countries are highly reliant on imported fossil fuel (diesel and petroleum), which are not only major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions but are also very expensive. The new concepts and ideas to develop renewable energy (RE) based power grid in Island countries will reduce fossil fuel consumption and assist the transition to a low-carbon economy but to achieve that RE based power grid, a number of issues need to be addressed. In Island countries, a number of small islands do not enjoy the comfort of trouble-free electrical grid because they are either weakly connected or completely separated from the grid. On the other hand, they need to have access to renewable energies abundant in their surroundings, while keeping their tourism, agriculture, and landscape capital intact. Guidelines for the inclusion of such installation into existing built environments as well as natural contexts are needed. The obstacles to the fast adoption of renewable energy sources (RES) in such areas are of many types and known since long time and implementation of such technologies are even more complex in Island countries. This book identifies challenges, solution, and opportunities of RES implementation in Island countries and provides guideline for future smart grid. Chapter Possibilities and Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy in the light of PESTLE & SWOT Analyses for Island Countries of this book discusses two different decision-making techniques: one of them is PESTLE analysis (political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental) which can be used in energy planning and for business analysis and second, SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) which has been utilized to incorporate strategic analysis and for decision-making. The overall chapter presents a holistic idea of prospects and contests of implementing renewable energy in various islands. Chapter Utilization and Optimization of Diesel Generation for Maximum Renewable Energy Integration presents informed consideration of the issues surrounding existing generation, prompting the audience to identify residual value v

6 vi Preface across these assets, and in return identifies a pathway for improved RES integration. To prevent the increase of carbon emission, the use of quick renewable energy such as PV system and simple solutions considered the clean energy to keep both the population and environment safe are described in Chapter Optimal Control System of Under Frequency Load Shedding in Microgrid System with Renewable Energy Resources. A comprehensively examination on the commercially available and emerging mitigation methods with a framework that systematically explores the full range of technical methods for PV in distribution network have been explained in Chapter Power Quality Impacts and Mitigation Measures for High Penetrations of Photovoltaics in Distribution Networks. The strategies of sliding mode control for grid tied and off grid photovoltaic system with multilevel inverters for islanding regions are the main targets of Chapter Grid-connected and Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic System. A detailed overview of feasibility design and control strategy of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) with suitable structure in order to increase reliability and stability of the power in the RES is explained in Chapter Feasibility Study and Design of a Fly-wheel Energy System in a Micro-grid for Small Village in Pacific Island State Countries. Small-scale energy microgrid with battery-based energy storage system (ESS) enabled with solar wind hybrid renewable energy system is discussed in Chapter Energy Storage Systems in Solar-Wind Hybrid Renewable Systems and the performance has been validated through simulation studies under islanded conditions. The frequency variation issues in presence of PV and wind generation systems have been shown and use of storage systems for dynamic grid support is analyzed in Chapter Frequency Stability Improvement in Weak Grids by Storage Systems. The specific power converters for storage systems grid interfacing are studied with reference to superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), FESS, supercapacitors, and batteries with different case studies also presented in Chapter Frequency Stability Improvement in Weak Grids by Storage Systems. Energy trends in an Island and possible cases with solution to that have been presented in Chapter Identifying Energy Trends in Fiji Islands. Chapter Energy Grid Management, Optimization and Economic Analysis of Microgrid proposes a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGAII) for the multi-objective optimal operation management (MOOM) for distributed microgrid. Chapter Energy Management of AC-Isolated Microgrids Based on Distributed Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources presents the frequency and voltage regulation and the energy management strategy for an AC islanded microgrid based on distributed energy storage and RES. To satisfy the load demand of an island Chapter Optimal Design and Energy Management of a Hybrid Power Generation System Based on Wind/Tidal/PV Sources: Case Study for the Ouessant French Island, focused on a typical hybrid power generation system using wind energy, marine energy (tidal current), and PV in Ouessant French island which has also taken under scope with another set of energy generator combination from hybrid diesel, MCT, and battery system for power supply and power management and presented in Chapter Hybrid Diesel/MCT/Battery Electricity Power Supply System for Power Management in Small Islanded Sites: Case Study for the Ouessant French Island. An optimal

7 Preface vii power flow of battery, wind, and PV in a hybrid system in South Africa has been presented in Chapter Optimal Power Flow of a Battery/Wind/PV/Grid Hybrid System: Case of South Africa with reduced operation cost and allows consumers to generate substantial income by selling power to the grid. The aim of this book is to identify the challenges, solutions, and opportunities of the design and assessment of realistic state-of-the-art smart energy grids (SEG) to store and regulate diversified energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, ocean energy, and other renewable energy productions in order to meet the electrical energy needs of Island countries. In summary, this book contains current energy situation of Island countries with technical analysis, weather data analysis, availability of renewable sources, and socioeconomic structure supported by various data table, system structure design, simulation, and case studies. Suva, Fiji Suva, Fiji Truganina, Australia F.M. Rabiul Islam Kabir Al Mamun Maung Than Oo Amanullah

8 Contents Possibilities and Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy in the Light of PESTLE & SWOT Analyses for Island Countries... 1 F.R. Islam and K.A. Mamun Utilization and Optimization of Diesel Generation for Maximum Renewable Energy Integration J.M. Hamilton, M. Negnevitsky, X. Wang, A. Tavakoli and M. Mueller-Stoffels Optimal Control System of Under Frequency Load Shedding in Microgrid System with Renewable Energy Resources T. Madiba, R.C. Bansal, J.J. Justo and K. Kusakana Power Quality Impacts and Mitigation Measures for High Penetrations of Photovoltaics in Distribution Networks Peter Wolfs, M. Mejbaul Haque and Sawkat Ali Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic System V. Karthikeyan, S. Rajasekar, Vipin Das, P. Karuppanan and Asheesh Kumar Singh Feasibility Study and Design of a Flywheel Energy System in a Microgrid for Small Village in Pacific Island State Countries D. Aitchison, M. Cirrincione, G. Cirrincione, A. Mohammadi and M. Pucci Energy Storage Systems in Solar-Wind Hybrid Renewable Systems Abhishek Awasthi, V. Karthikeyan, Vipin Das, S. Rajasekar and Asheesh Kumar Singh Frequency Stability Improvement in Weak Grids by Storage Systems Gianpaolo Vitale ix

9 x Contents Identifying Energy Trends in Fiji Islands Shamal Selvin Chand, Aamir Iqbal, Maurizio Cirrincione, F.R. Islam, K.A. Mamun and Ajal Kumar Energy Grid Management, Optimization and Economic Analysis of Microgrid Vipin Das, P. Karuppanan, V. Karthikeyan, S. Rajasekar and Asheesh Kumar Singh Energy Management of AC-Isolated Microgrids Based on Distributed Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources Andoni Urtasun, Pablo Sanchis and Luis Marroyo Optimal Design and Energy Management of a Hybrid Power Generation System Based on Wind/Tidal/PV Sources: Case Study for the Ouessant French Island O.H. Mohammed, Y. Amirat, M.E.H. Benbouzid and G. Feld Hybrid Diesel/MCT/Battery Electricity Power Supply System for Power Management in Small Islanded Sites: Case Study for the Ouessant French Island Z. Zhou, M.E.H. Benbouzid, J.F. Charpentier and F. Scuiller Optimal Power Flow of a Battery/Wind/PV/Grid Hybrid System: Case of South Africa K. Kusakana

10 Editorial Advisory Board A/Prof. Himanshu Pota, The University of New South Wales, Australia Prof. Michael Negnevitsky, The University of Tasmania, Australia Prof. Maurizio Cirrincione, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji Prof. A.B.M. Sawket Ali, The University of Fiji Dr. Mohd. Hasan Ali, The University of Memphis, USA Reviewers Tshimbalanga Madiba, The University of Pretoria, South Africa A.B.M. Nasiruzzaman, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore H.R. Pota, The University of New South Wales, Australia Ramesh Bansal, The University of Pretoria, South Africa Md. Shihanur Rahman, Deakin University, Australia Md. Sawket Ali, Central Queensland University, Australia Naruttam Roy, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Gianpaolo Vitale, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy Farhad Shahnia, Murdoch University, Australia Mohamed Benbouzid, University of Brest, France Mohammad Sherkat Masoum, Curtin University, Australia Pericle Zanchetta, The University of Nottingham, UK Maurizio Cirrincione, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji Md. Mizanur Rahman, Dhaka Power Distribution Company Ltd (DPDC), Bangladesh A.B.M. Shawkat Ali, The University of Fiji Abhishek Awasthi, M.N.National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India J.M. Hamilton, University of Tasmania, Australia V. Karthikeya, NEC Laboratories Singapore Vipin das, M.N.National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India Andoni Urtasun, Public University of Navarre, Spain xi