Revision to the approved consolidated baseline methodology ACM0001. Consolidated baseline methodology for landfill gas project activities

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1 Sources Revision to the approved consolidated baseline methodolog ACM0001 Consolidated baseline methodolog for landfill gas project activities This methodolog is based on elements from the following approved proposals for baseline methodologies: - AM0002: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established b a Public Concession Contract (approved based on proposal NM0004 rev: Salvador da Bahia landfill gas project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b ICF Consulting (version 03, June 2003)); - AM0003: Simplified financial analsis for landfill gas capture projects (approved based on proposal NM0005: Nova Gerar landfill gas to energ project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b EcoSecurities Ltd. (version 14, Jul 2003) for the Carbon Finance Unit of the World Bank); - AM0010: Landfill gas capture and electricit generation projects where landfill gas capture is not mandated b law (approved based on proposal NM0010 rev: Durban-landfill-gas-to-electricit project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b Prototpe Carbon Fund of the World Bank (April 2003)); - AM0011: Landfill gas recover with electricit generation and no capture or destruction of methane in the baseline scenario (approved based on proposal NM0021: Cerupt methodolog for landfill gas recover, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b Onx (Jul 2003)). For more information regarding the proposals and its considerations b the Executive Board please refer to the cases on < > Selected approach from paragraph 48 of the CDM modalities and procedures Emissions from a technolog that represents an economicall attractive course of action, taking into account barriers to investment. Applicabilit This methodolog is applicable to landfill gas capture project activities, where the baseline scenario is the partial or total atmospheric release of the gas and the project activities include situations such as: a) The captured gas is flared; or b) The captured gas is used to produce energ (e.g. electricit/thermal energ), but no emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ from other sources 1 ; or c) The captured gas is used to produce energ (e.g. electricit/thermal energ), and emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ generation from other sources. In this case a baseline methodolog for electricit and/or thermal energ displaced shall be provided or an approved one used, including the ACM0002 Consolidated Methodolog for Grid-Connected Power Generation from Renewable. If capacit of electricit generated is less than 15MW, 1 Although in this case no emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ from other sources, all possible financial revenues and/or emission leakages shall be taken into account in all the analses performed. 1

2 and/or thermal energ displaced is less than 54 TJ (15GWh), small-scale methodologies can be used. This baseline methodolog shall be used in conjunction with the approved monitoring methodolog ACM0001 ( Consolidated monitoring methodolog for landfill gas project activities ). Emission Reduction The greenhouse gas emission reduction achieved b the project activit during a given ear (ER ) are estimated as follows: ER ( MD project, MD reg, ) GWPCH4 + EL CEFelectricit, ET CEFthermal, = (1) where: ER is emissions reduction, in tonnes of CO 2 equivalents (tco 2 e). MD project, the amount of methane that would have been destroed/combusted during the ear, in, tonnes of methane (tch 4 ) MD 2 reg, the amount of methane that would have been destroed/combusted during the ear in the absence of the project, in, tonnes of methane (tch 4 ) GWP CH4 Global Warming Potential value for methane for the first commitment period is 21 tco 2 e/tch 4 EL net quantit of electricit exported during ear, in megawatt hours (MWh). CEF electricit,, CO 2 emissions intensit of the electricit displaced, in tco 2 e/mwh. This can estimated using either ACM0002 or AMSI.D, if the capacit is within the small scale threshold values, when grid electricit is used or displaced. ET incremental quantit of fossil fuel, defined as difference of fossil fuel used in the baseline and fossil use during project, for energ requirement on site under project activit during the ear, in TJ. CEF thermal, CO 2 emissions intensit of the fuel used to generate thermal/mechanical energ, in tco 2 e/tj EL = EL EL (1a) EX,LGFG IMP where: EL EX,LFG EL IMP net quantit of electricit exported during ear, produced using landfill gas, in megawatt hours (MWh). Net incremental electricit imported, defined as difference of project imports less an imports of electricit in the baseline, to meet the project requirements, in MWh In the case where the MD reg, is given/defined as a quantit that quantit will be used. In cases where regulator or contractual requirements do not specif MD reg, an Adjustment Factor (AF) shall be used and justified, taking into account the project context. 2 Reg = regulator and contractual requirements 2

3 MD reg, = MD project, AF (2) The following examples provide guidance on how to estimate AF: - In cases where a specific sstem for collection and destruction of methane is mandated b regulator or contractual requirements, the ratio of the destruction efficienc of that sstem to the destruction efficienc of the sstem used in the project activit shall be used. - In cases where a specific percentage of the generated amount of methane to be collected and destroed is specified in the contract or mandated b regulations, this percentage divided b an assumed efficienc for the collection and destruction sstem used in the project activit shall be used. Project proponents should provide an ex ante estimate of emissions reductions, b projecting the future GHG emissions of the landfill. In doing so, verifiable methods should be used. Ex ante emission estimates ma have an influence on MD reg,. MD project, will be determined ex post b metering the actual quantit of methane captured and destroed once the project activit is operational. The methane destroed b the project activit (MD project, ) during a ear is determined b monitoring the quantit of methane actuall flared and gas used to generate electricit and/or produce thermal energ, if applicable, and the total quantit of methane captured. The sum of the quantities fed to the flare, to the power plant and to the boiler must be compared annuall with the total generated. The lowest value must be adopted as MD project,. The following procedure applies when the total generated is the highest. The hours where the energ plant and the boiler are working should be monitored and no emission reduction could be claimed for methane destruction in the energ plant or the boiler when the are not working. MD project, MD flared, + MDelectricit, + MDthermal, = (3) MD flared, = LFG flare, wch 4, DCH 4 FE (4) Where MD flared, is the quantit of methane destroed b flaring, LFG flare, is the quantit of landfill gas flared during the ear measured in cubic meters (m 3 ), w CH4, is the average methane fraction of the landfill gas as measured during the ear and expressed as a fraction (in m³ CH 4 / m³ LFG), FE is the flare efficienc (the fraction of the methane destroed) and D CH4 is the methane densit expressed in tonnes of methane per cubic meter of methane (tch 4 /m 3 CH 4 ). 3 The flare efficienc shall be calculated as product of (i) fraction of time the gas is combusted in the flare; and (ii) the efficienc of the flaring process. Efficienc of the flaring process is defined as fraction of methane completel oxidized b the flaring process. If an enclosed flare is used, the project participants shall measure and quantif the efficienc of the flare (% of methane completel oxidized b combustion in the flare) on a earl basis, with the first measurement to be made at the time of installation. The measured value of the efficienc of the flare 3 At standard temperature and pressure (0 degree Celsius and 1,013 bar) the densit of methane is tch 4 /m 3 CH 4. 3

4 shall be applicable for the period up to the next measurement. In case the earl measurement of efficienc of the flare is not performed, the efficienc of the flare shall be a default value of 90%. If the last measured value of the efficienc of the flare is lower than 90%, then the last lower measured value shall be used. For open flares, if the efficienc of the flare is not measured, a conservative destruction efficienc factor of 50% should be used. MD = LFG w D (5) electricit, electricit, CH 4, CH 4 where MD electricit, is the quantit of methane destroed b generation of electricit and LFG electricit, is the quantit of landfill gas fed into electricit generator. MD = LFG w D (6) thermal, thermal, CH 4, CH 4 where MD thermal, is the quantit of methane destroed for the generation of thermal energ and LFG thermal, is the quantit of landfill gas fed into the boiler. MD total, = LFG w D (7) total, CH4, CH4 where MD total, is the total quantit of methane generated and LFG total, is the total quantit of landfill gas generated. Project Boundar The project boundar is the site of the project activit where the gas is captured and destroed/used. Possible CO 2 emissions resulting from combustion of other fuels than the methane recovered should be accounted as project emissions. Such emissions ma include fuel combustion due to pumping and collection of landfill gas or fuel combustion for transport of generated heat to the consumer locations. In addition, electricit required for the operation of the project activit, including transport of heat, should be accounted and monitored. Where the project activit involves electricit generation, onl the net quantit of electricit fed into the grid should be used in equation (1) above to account for emission reductions due to displacement of electricit in other power plants. Where the project activit does not involve electricit generation, project participants should account for CO 2 emissions b multipling the quantit of electricit required with the CO 2 emissions intensit of the electricit displaced (CEF electricit, ). Baseline The baseline is the atmospheric release of the gas and the baseline methodolog considers that some of the methane generated b the landfill ma be captured and destroed to compl with regulations or contractual requirements, or to address safet and odour concerns. Additionalit 4

5 The additionalit of the project activit shall be demonstrated and assessed using the latest version of the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionalit agreed b the CDM Executive Board, which is available on the UNFCCC CDM web site 4. Leakage No leakage effects need to be accounted under this methodolog. 4 Please refer to: < > 5

6 Sources Revision to the approved consolidated monitoring methodolog ACM0001 Consolidated monitoring methodolog for landfill gas project activities This methodolog is based on elements from the following approved proposals for monitoring methodologies: - AM0002: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established b a Public Concession Contract (approved based on proposal NM0004 rev: Salvador da Bahia landfill gas project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b ICF Consulting (version 03, June 2003)); - AM0003: Simplified financial analsis for landfill gas capture projects (approved based on proposal NM0005: Nova Gerar landfill gas to energ project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b EcoSecurities Ltd. (version 14, Jul 2003) for the Carbon Finance Unit of the World Bank); - AM0010: Landfill gas capture and electricit generation projects where landfill gas capture is not mandated b law (approved based on proposal NM0010 rev: Durban-landfill-gas-to-electricit project, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b Prototpe Carbon Fund of the World Bank (April 2003)); - AM0011: Landfill gas recover with electricit generation and no capture or destruction of methane in the baseline scenario (approved based on proposal NM0021: Cerupt methodolog for landfill gas recover, whose project design document and baseline stud, monitoring and verification plans were developed b Onx (Jul 2003)). For more information regarding the proposals and its considerations b the Executive Board please refer to the cases on Applicabilit This methodolog is applicable to landfill gas capture project activities, where the baseline scenario is the partial or total atmospheric release of the gas and the project activities include situations such as: a) The captured gas is flared; or b) The captured gas is used to produce energ (e.g. electricit/thermal energ), but no emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ from other sources 5 ; or c) The captured gas is used to produce energ (e.g. electricit/thermal energ), and emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ generation from other sources. In this case a baseline methodolog for electricit and/or thermal energ displaced shall be provided or an approved one used, including the ACM0002 Consolidated Methodolog for Grid-Connected Power Generation from Renewable. If capacit of electricit generated is less than 15MW, and/or thermal energ displaced is less than 54 TJ (15GWh), small-scale methodologies can be used. This monitoring methodolog shall be used in conjunction with the approved baseline methodolog ACM0001 ( Consolidated baseline methodolog for landfill gas project activities ). 5 Although in this case no emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energ from other sources, all possible financial revenues and/or emission leakages shall be taken into account in all the analses performed. 6

7 Monitoring Methodolog The monitoring methodolog is based on direct measurement of the amount of landfill gas captured and destroed at the flare platform and the electricit generating/thermal energ unit(s) to determine the quantities as shown in Figure 1. The monitoring plan provides for continuous measurement of the quantit and qualit of LFG flared. The main variables that need to be determined are the quantit of methane actuall captured MD project,, quantit of methane flared (MD flared, ), the quantit of methane used to generate electricit (MD electricit, )/thermal energ (MD thermal, ), and the quantit of methane generated (MD total, ). Figure 1: Monitoring Plan F FE Flare Landfill CH 4 T P Landfill gas (LFG) F F Power plant Measurements: CH 4 = Fraction of CH 4 T = Temperature P = Pressure F = Flow of LFG (m³) FE = Flare efficienc F Boiler To determine these variables, the following parameters have to be monitored: The amount of landfill gas generated (in m³, using a continuous flow meter), where the total quantit (LFG total, ) as well as the quantities fed to the flare (LFG flare, ), to the power plant (LFG electricit, ) and to the boiler (LFG thermal, ) are measured continuousl. In the case where LFG is just flared, one flow meter can be used provided that the meter used is calibrated periodicall b an officiall accredited entit. The fraction of methane in the landfill gas (w CH4, ) should be measured with a continuous analzer or, alternativel, with periodical measurements, at a 95% confidence level, using calibrated portable gas meters and taking a statisticall valid number of samples and accordingl the amount of land fill gas from LFG total,, LFG flare,, LFG electricit,, and LFG thermal, shall be monitored in the same frequenc. The continuous methane analser should be the preferred option because the methane content of landfill gas captured can var b more than 7

8 20% during a single da due to gas capture network conditions (dilution with air at wellheads, leakage on pipes, etc.). The flare efficienc (FE), measured as the fraction of time in which the gas is combusted in the flare multiplied b the efficienc of the flaring process. For this purpose, the methane content of the flare emissions should be analsed at least quarterl, and where necessar more frequent, to determine the fraction of methane destroed within the flare. Temperature (T) and pressure (p) of the landfill gas are required to determine the densit of methane in the landfill gas. The quantities fossil fuels required to operate the landfill gas project, including the pumping equipment for the collection sstem and energ required to transport heat, should be monitored. In projects where LFG gas is captured in the baseline to either meet the regulation or for safet reason, fossil fuel used in the baseline too should be recorded. The quantit of electricit imported, in the baseline and the project situation, to meet the requirements of the project activit, if an. The quantit of electricit exported out of the project boundar, generated from landfill gas, if an. Relevant regulations for LFG project activities shall be monitored and updated at renewal of each credit period. Changes to regulation should be converted to the amount of methane that would have been destroed/combusted during the ear in the absence of the project activit (MD reg, ). Project participants should explain how regulations are translated into that amount of gas. The operating hours of the energ plant and the boiler. The measurement equipment for gas qualit (humidit, particulate, etc.) is sensitive, so a strong QA/QC procedure for the calibration of this equipment is needed. 8

9 CDM - Executive Board ACM0001 / Version 04 Sectoral Scope: 013 Data to be collected or used to monitor emissions from the project activit, and how this data will be archived ID number 1. LFG total, 2. LFG flare, 3. LFG electricit, 4. LFG thermal, 5. FE Data variable Total amount of landfill gas captured Amount of landfill gas flared Amount of landfill gas combusted in power plant Amount of methane combusted in boiler Flare/combustion efficienc, determined b the operation hours (1) and the methane content in the exhaust gas (2) Data unit m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e) m m m m % m / c Recording frequenc Continuousl/ periodicall Continuousl/ periodicall Continuousl/ periodicall Continuousl/ periodicall (1) Continuousl (2) Open flares shall be monitored quarterl, monthl if unstable. Enclosed flares shall be monitored earl, with the first Proportion of data to be monitored How will the data be archived? (electronic : e / paper : p) n/a Electronic For how long is archived data kept? Comment During the Measured b a flow meter. crediting period and Data to be aggregated two ears after monthl and earl. During the Measured b a flow meter. crediting period and Data to be aggregated two ears after monthl and earl. During the Measured b a flow meter. crediting period and Data to be aggregated two ears after monthl and earl. During the Measured b a flow meter. crediting period and Data to be aggregated two ears after monthl and earl. 1) The flare operation shall be continuousl monitored b continuous measurement of operation time of flare using a run time meter connected to a flame detector or a flame During the continuous temperature crediting period and controller, irrespective of two ears after whether the flare efficienc is monitored. (2) Periodic measurement of methane content of flare exhaust gas. (3) The enclosed flares shall be operated and maintained as per 9

10 CDM - Executive Board ACM0001 / Version 04 Sectoral Scope: 013 ID number 6. w CH4, 7. T 8. p 9.EL EX,LFG Data variable Methane fraction in the landfill gas Temperature of the landfill gas Pressure of the landfill gas Total amount of electricit exported out of the project Data unit m³ CH 4 / m³ LFG Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e) m C m Pa m Recording frequenc measurement to be made at the time of installation. Continuousl / periodicall continuousl / periodicall continuousl / periodicall Proportion of data to be monitored How will the data be archived? (electronic : e / paper : p) MWh m continuousl For how long is archived data kept? Comment the specifications prescribed b the manufacturer. During the Preferabl measured b crediting period and continuous gas qualit two ears after analser. Measured to determine the densit of methane D CH4. No separate monitoring of During the temperature is necessar crediting period and when using flow meters that two ears after automaticall measure temperature and pressure, expressing LFG volumes in normalized cubic meters. Measured to determine the Densit of methane D CH4. No separate monitoring of During the pressure is necessar when Crediting period using flow meters that and two ears after automaticall measure temperature and pressure, expressing LFG volumes in normalized cubic meters. During the Required to estimate the crediting period and emission reductions from two ears after electricit generation from 10

11 CDM - Executive Board ACM0001 / Version 04 Sectoral Scope: 013 ID number 1o. EL IMP 11.* 12.ET Data variable boundar. Total amount of electricit imported to meet project requirement CO 2 emission intensit of the electricit and/or other energ carriers in ID 9. Thermal energ used in landfill during project. 12. CEF thermal, CO 2 emission intensit of the Data unit Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e) Recording frequenc Proportion of data to be monitored How will the data be archived? (electronic : e / paper : p) MWh m continuousl t CO 2 / MWh c As specified in AMS.1.D or ACM0002, which ever is applied. TJ m annuall t CO 2 / TJ c annuall For how long is archived data kept? Comment LFG, if credits are claimed. Required to determine CO 2 emissions from use of electricit or other energ During the carriers to operate the project crediting period and activit. two ears after The records of an electricit imported in the baseline too should be recorded at the start of project. In case a specific source is During the displaced or used for imports, crediting period and emission factor is estimated two ears after for that specific source. The quantit of fossil fuel used to meet the energ requirements. If electricit is produced on site using fossil fuel, it is covered under this During the categor. In projects where crediting period and two ears after During the crediting period and LFG gas is captured in the baseline to either meet the regulation or for safet reason, fossil fuel used in the baseline too should be recorded. 11

12 CDM - Executive Board ACM0001 / Version 04 Sectoral Scope: 013 ID number Data variable thermal energ Regulator requirements relating to landfill gas projects Operation of the energ plant Operation of the boiler Data unit Test Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e) n/a Recording frequenc At the renewal of crediting period. Proportion of data to be monitored How will the data be archived? (electronic : e / paper : p) Hours m annuall Hours m annuall For how long is archived data kept? two ears after Comment The information though recorded annuall, is used for During the changes to the adjustment crediting period and factor (AF) or directl MD two ears after reg, at renewal of the credit period. This is monitored to ensure During the methane destruction is crediting period and claimed for methane used in two ears after electricit plant when it is operational. This is monitored to ensure During the methane destruction is crediting period and claimed for methane used in two ears after boilerwhen it is operational. * Note: this can be calculated using the consolidated methodologies for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources (ACM0002)or AMS I.D, if the generation capacit meets the small scale definition. Qualit control (QC) and qualit assurance (QA) procedures to be undertaken for the items monitored. (see tables above) Appropriate qualit control and qualit assurance procedures are needed for the monitoring equipment and the data collected. Data LFG Uncertaint level of data (High/Medium/Low) Are QA/QC procedures planned for these data? Outline explanation how QA/QC procedures are planned Low Yes Flow meters should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime to ensure accurac. 12

13 CDM - Executive Board ACM0001 / Version 04 Sectoral Scope: FE Medium Yes Regular maintenance should ensure optimal operation of flares. For open flares efficienc of flare should be checked quarterl, with monthl checks if the efficienc shows significant deviations from previous values. The enclosed flares shall be operated and maintained as per the specifications prescribed b the manufacturer. 6. Low Yes The gas analser should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime w CH4, to ensure accurac. 13

14 Miscellaneous Parameters Factor Used for Converting Methane to Carbon Dioxide Equivalents 1 Factor used (tco 2 e/tch 4 ) Period Applicable Source present Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 1 This table is updated as reporting guidelines are modified. Conversion Factors 1 Factor Unit Period Applicable Description/Source Methane Densit At standard temperature and pressure (0 degree Celsius and 1,013 bar) the densit of methane is tch 4 /m 3 CH 4 tonnes Default CH 4 /m 3 CH 4 14