Influence of Clearance Regulations on Decommissioning Projects

Transcription

1 Influence of Clearance Regulations on Decommissioning Projects NIS September 2010 NIS Information Seite 1 Object of the Presentation A Try in 7 Steps to Analyse the Effects of Clearance Regulations on Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities NIS Information Seite 2 1

2 Preliminary Notes The cost figures shown in the presentation were calculated based on the German Reference Study* Decommissioning of NPP with Light Water Reactors The analysed effects of Clearance Regulations on the decommissioning and dismantling are represented exemplarily and can certainly not t show all the very complex aspects of influences The results of the analysis carried out are not based upon exact release limits but show trends in the form of: Less Restrictive Clearance Level Level More Restrictive * Stilllegungstechnik für ausgediente Kernkraftwerke mit Leichtwasserreaktoren Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke tswerke VDEW e.v. NIS Information Seite 3 Analysis Task 1 Definiton of the Range And Meaning How much material will be effected? How much radioactivity is concerned? NIS Information Seite 4 2

3 Mass to be Removed NIS Information Seite 5 Radioactivity to be Removed Final Shut Down After Removal of Spent Fuel and Operational Waste Activation 3 x Bq Inner Contamination 1.9 x Bq Outer Contamination 1.1 x Bq Decay In-Situ decontamination Decontamination Activation (Start of Dismantling) Inner Contamination (Start of Dismantling) Outer Contamination (After Dismantling) 1.6 x Bq 1 x Bq 8 x 10 9 Bq NIS Information Seite 6 3

4 Technical/Radiological Inventory Activated: RPV + Internals Mg Biological Shield Mg 1.6 x Bq Contaminated: Systems, Components Mg 1 x Bq Contaminated: Equipment Mg Building Structures Mg ( m²) 8 x 10 9 Bq NIS Information Seite 7 Technical/Radiologial Inventory Total Mass Rad. Waste Can be Released? RPV + Internals Mg 800 Mg 200 Mg Biological Shield Mg 500 Mg 700 Mg Contaminated Systems Mg 800 Mg Mg Contaminated Equipment Mg 400 Mg Mg Building Structures Mg** Mg Mg Secondary Waste Mg - ** Mg can be released anyway Mg Mass concerned by Clearance Requirements in D&D Projects NIS Information Seite 8 4

5 Analysis Task 2 Activated Area RPV, Internals, Biological Shield How much material will be concerned? NIS Information Seite 9 Radioactivity Levels in the Activated Area Max. Specific Activity [Bq/g] (azimuthal average) 1.E+10 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 Thermal Shield 1.E+06 1.E+05 Reactor Vessel 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 Baffle Plates Core Barrel Cladding Reactor Vessel Insulation Co-60 Eu-152 Biological Shield 1.E Radius [cm] NIS Information Seite 10 5

6 Radioactivity Levels in the Activated Area 1.0E E+09 Upper Core Plate Co-60 Specific Activity [Bq/g] 1.0E E E E+05 Lower Core Plate 1.0E E E+02 Lower Core Support 1.0E+01 Baffle Plates 1.0E+00 Internals, Average R < 70 cm 1.0E-01 Core Barrel 1.0E-02 Thermal Shield Cladding RPV 1.0E-03 Reactor Pressure Vessel 1.0E-04 Insulation 1.0E Axial Height [cm] NIS Information Seite 11 Radioactivity Zones in the Activated Area Possibly Recycling Possibly Recycling Rad. Waste Rad. Waste RPV Biological Shield NIS Information Seite 12 6

7 Consequences on Activated Material A Rad. Waste Released Co 60 0,1 Bg/g Eu Bg/g Cs 137 0,5 Bq/g RPV + Internals 800 Mg 200 Mg H Bq/g Biological Shield 500 Mg 700 Mg Ni Bq/g B RPV + Internals Mg - Biological Shield Mg - Limits Reduced C RPV + Internals Mg - Biological Shield Mg - Building Structures Mg - Limits more Reduced NIS Information Seite 13 Consequences on Activated Material Container Packaged Mass Number of Containers Container Cost Storage Volume kg T m³ A RPV Internals GB Typ II/160 (Typ A) GB Typ II/160/040 (A) GB Typ II/160/080 (B) GB Typ II/160/140 (B) Stahlbl. Typ II Biol. Shield Stahlbl. Typ II B C Total RPV Internals GB Typ II/160 (Typ A) GB Typ II/160/040 (A) GB Typ II/160/080 (B) GB Typ II/160/140 (B) Stahlbl. Typ II Biol. Shield Stahlbl. Typ II Total RPV Internals GB Typ II/160 (Typ A) GB Typ II/160/040 (A) GB Typ II/160/080 (B) GB Typ II/160/140 (B) Stahlbl. Typ II Biol. Shield Stahlbl. Typ II Building Structures Stahlbl. Typ III Total NIS Information Seite 14 7

8 Consequences on Activated Material Development of dismantling costs Cost ManHours T h A RPV and Internals Personal Cost Biol. Shield Personal Cost Total B RPV and Internals Biol. Shield Total C RPV and Internals Biol. Shield Building Structures Total NIS Information Seite 15 Analysis Task 3 Contaminated Components How much material will be concerned? Which techniques are applicable? NIS Information Seite 16 8

9 Technical/Radiological Inventory Total Mass Rad. Waste Can be Released? RPV + Internals Mg 800 Mg 200 Mg Biological Shield Mg 500 Mg 700 Mg Contaminated Systems Mg 800 Mg Mg Contaminated Equipment Mg 400 Mg Mg Building Structures Mg Mg Mg Secondary Waste Mg - Mass Concerned by Clearance Requirements in D&D Projects NIS Information Seite 17 Possible Treatment Radioactive Material Non Radioactive Material Final Repository Radioactive Waste Restricted Release Nuclear Recycling Release Unrestricted Release Concerned by Clearance Requirements and Technique applied Combustion Recycling Deposition Conventional NIS Information Seite 18 9

10 Decontamination Techniques Applicable to Mechanical: Chemical: HP Waterjet Blasting Sand, Ice, Steel Balls Acid Acid+Ultra Sonic Accesible Surfaces Air Borne Contamination All Surfaces Easily Removable Contamination Limited Depth Electro-Chemical Easy Geometry Metal Components NIS Information Seite 19 Consequences on Contaminated Material Calculated based on actual German clearance levels Conventionel Deposition 1162 Mg Melting (recycling in Nuclear Industry) 1085 Mg Release after Chemical Decontamination Release after 858 Mg Mechanical Decontamination 1892 Mg Release without Treatment 6303 Mg NIS Information Seite 20 10

11 Consequences on Contaminated Material Development of decommissioning material Decontamination Without Treatment Melting Conventionel Deposition Mass (Mg) Less Restrictive <== Clearance Levels ==> More Restrictive NIS Information Seite 21 Consequences on Contaminated Material Development of specific cost values 35 Specific Cost ( /kg) Chemical Decontamination Mechanical Decontamination 5 0 Less Restrictive <== Clearance Levels ==> More Restrictive NIS Information Seite 22 11

12 Analysis Task 5 Building Structures Which purpose do the release serve? How much material will be effected? Which strategy is applicable? NIS Information Seite 23 Surfaces Range and Meaning Floor Wall Ceiling Surface of the Contolled Area Buildings (m²) Contamination (Bq/cm²) Part of Surfaces to be Removed 85% 8% 10% Concrete to be Removed (Mg) NIS Information Seite 24 12

13 Removal of Surfaces Type of Release Reuse for unlimited purposes Demolishing Strategy Applied Decontamination at the existing structure Nuclear dismantling and release of the concrete rubble NIS Information Seite 25 Contamination of Surfaces Kinds of contamination Radioactive Particles Floor Screed Reinforcement Basic Concrete NIS Information Seite 26 13

14 Consequences on Surfaces Development of specific cost values Specific Cost ( /m²) Cost for Decontamination of Building Surfaces Cost for Clearance Measurements of Building Surfaces 50 0 Less Restrictive <== Clearance Levels ==> More Restrictive NIS Information Seite 27 Consequences on Building Surfaces Development of specific cost values Specific Cost ( /Mg) Cost for Clearance Measurements of Building Surfaces Cost for Dismantling of Building Surfaces x Less Restrictive <== Clearance Levels ==> More Restrictive NIS Information Seite 28 14

15 Analysis Task 6 Area Surfaces Which purpose do the release serve? How much effort is necessary? NIS Information Seite 29 Area Surface - Size and Range Area Surfaces some m² up to m² Mass of additional Equipment (Safety Fence, Street Material, etc.) some Mg up to Mg Number of Measuring Points 1 / 10m² up to 1 / 4m² Number of Samples (evaluated in Laboratory) 1 / 50m² up to 1 / 10m² NIS Information Seite 30 15

16 Consquences on Area Surfaces Effects on measurements for area surfaces Less Restrictive Clearance Level More Restrictive Decrease Number of Measuring Points Increase Decrease Cost per Measurement Increase Decrease Number of Samples Increase Decrease Cost per Sample Increase 10 /m² 25 /m² 50 /m² NIS Information Seite 31 Analysis Task 7 Summary Decommissioning Cost Time Schedule NIS Information Seite 32 16

17 Summary BWR costs in groups (actually total cost 505 Mio ) Site Operation 38% Planning, Licensing 6% Preparation Work 3% Dismantling 17% Clearance Building and Area 6% Material Treatment 30% NIS Information Seite 33 Summary Effects on D&D costs groups Clearance Level More Restrictive Effects on D&D Costs Planning, Licensing Detailness, Optimisation, Strategy Insignificant Increase Preparation Work No Effect Dismantling Activated Mass Amount, Selection of Material Insignificant Increase Material Treatment Applicability of Techniques, Specific Cost of Treatment, Mass Distribution Increase, Change in Strategy Clearance Buildings and Area Rise of Expenditure, Mass Amount Increase, Change in Strategy Site Operation Prolongation of Project Time Increase NIS Information Seite 34 17

18 Summary Development of the total cost Cost (Mio ) Planning, Licensing Preparation Work Dismantling Material Treatment Clearance Building and Area Site Operation Total Less Restrictive <== Clearance Levels ==> More Restrictive NIS Information Seite 35 Summary BWR costs in groups (estimated maximum cost 800 Mio ) (values in brackets are repeated by page 33) Site Operation 33% (38%) Planning, Licensing 4% (6%) Preparation Work 2% (3%) Dismantling 12% (17%) Clearance Building and Area 13% (6%) Material Treatment 36% (30% NIS Information Seite 36 18