STAGE-STE related capabilities and infrastructures at ETH Zürich Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Professorship of Renewable Energy

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1 STAGE-STE related capabilities and infrastructures at ETH Zürich Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Professorship of Renewable Energy Carriers,

2 Overview 1. Overview ETH Zürich (ETHZ) & Professorship of Renewable Energy Carriers (PREC) 2. Capabilities and major infrastructures 3. Research topics 3.1 related to WP7 3.2 related to WP9 3.3 related to WP12 2

3 Overview ETHZ & PREC Founded in professorships 16,000 students 22 Nobel Prize awardees Staff (2014): 1 professor 25 PhD students 1 deputy head 55 MS students 3 senior scientists 3 engineers, CFD support 5 post docs PSI s Solar Technology Lab 3

4 Capabilities and major infrastructures Research Mission Advancement of the thermal and chemical engineering sciences applied to the field of renewable energy technologies Experimental facilities Radiation Heat Transfer Lab Chemistry & Physics Labs Solar Furnace Radiative Power: 40 kw Radiative Flux: 5,000 suns High-Flux Solar Simulator Radiative Power: 50 kw Radiative Flux: 11,000 suns 4

5 Research topics related to WP7 Packed bed of rocks SUPSI Charging Discharging Abundant and economical storing material Applicability in a wide range of temperatures Direct heat transfer between storage material and HTF No degradation or chemical instability No safety concerns Mechanical stability due to concrete walls and conical shape Haenchen M., Brückner S., Steinfeld A., High-Temperature Thermal Storage using a Packed Bed of Rocks - Heat Transfer Analysis and Experimental Validation, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 31, pp , Zanganeh G., Pedretti A., Zavattoni S., Barbato M., Steinfeld A., Packed-Bed Thermal Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Pilot- Scale Demonstration and Industrial-Scale Design, Solar Energy, Vol. 86, pp ,

6 Research topics related to WP7 Packed bed of rocks Applied Thermal Engineering 31, pp , Solar Energy 86, pp , SUPSI 6

7 Research topics related to WP7 Thermal storage prototype in Biasca, Switzerland Depth: 4 m 4 m Applied Thermal Engineering 31, pp , Solar Energy 86, pp , SUPSI 7

8 Research topics related to WP7 Modelling: Transient Heat Transfer u f hf A f z m z Ahv z Ts Tf U wall C z( T Tf ) t z ìnternal energy change convection of energy by flow u T A z Ah z T T k A z t z z convection fluid-solid phases conduction at lateral walls s s 1 s v f s eff convection fluid-solid phases internal energy change axial dispersion by conduction-radiation Cycle efficiency = 96.6% Outflow air temperature = C Applied Thermal Engineering 31, pp , Solar Energy 86, pp , SUPSI 8

9 Research topics related to WP7 Phase-change materials & Gas-solid reactions for thermal storage PCMs Al/Si eutectic metal alloys atop the packed bed of rocks Gas-solid reactions Manganese oxide reaction cycle Calcium hydroxide reaction cycle Manganese oxide Calcium hydroxide Application Central tower CSP Trough receiver CSP Stoichiometry 6 Mn 2 O 3 4 Mn 3 O 4 + O 2 Ca(OH) 2 CaO + H 2 O Reaction temperature C C Partners: DLR (D), Siemens (IL), Eramet & Comilog (BE), IMDEA (ES), U. Siegen (D), Bühler AG (CH), PSI (CH) 9

10 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels CO 2 H 2 O Concentrated Solar Energy Carbonaceous feedstock Solar Thermochemical Cycle Solar Thermochemical Gasification long-term short/mid-term Solar Fuels (e.g. H 2, syngas, liquid fuels) 10

11 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels from carbonaceous feedstock Concentrated Solar Radiation T > 1500 K C-materials Solar Gasification Solar-driven vis-à-vis autothermal Higher energetic value of the syngas produced Higher syngas output per unit of feedstock Higher quality of the syngas produced Elimination of air-separation unit LHV LHV syngas H 2 O C-feedstock 1.33 Fuel 89, , Energy & Env. Science 4, 73-82, AIChE Journal 57, , 2011 CO H 2 Syngas Equilibrium composition (mol) H 2 O CH 4 C CO 2 H 2 CO Temperature (K) Beech charcoal at 1 bar 11

12 Research topics related to WP9 Solar Thermochemical Gasification, 250 kw Solar Reactor Technology PSA-CIEMAT's solar tower facility upper cavity lower cavity Concentrated Solar Radiation CPC quartz window H 2 O nozzle syngas (H 2 + CO) Fuel 89, , Energy & Env. Science 4, 73-82, AIChE Journal 57, ,

13 Research topics related to WP9 Solar Thermochemical Gasification Feedstock Beech charcoal Low Rank Coal Tire chips Fluff 1 Industrial sludge 1 Dried sewage sludge Fluff 2 Industrial sludge 2 Bagasse 13

14 Research topics related to WP9 Experimental run with wet bagasse Wieckert C., Obrist A., von Zedtwitz P., Maag G., Steinfeld A., Syngas production by thermochemical gasification of carbonaceous waste materials in a 150 kwth packed-bed solar reactor, Energy & Fuels, Vol. 27, pp ,

15 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels CO 2 H 2 O Concentrated Solar Energy Carbonaceous feedstock Solar Thermochemical Cycle Solar Thermochemical Gasification long-term short/mid-term Solar Fuels (e.g. H 2, syngas, liquid fuels) 15

16 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels from thermochemical cycles Concentrated Solar Energy MO ox 1 st step: Solar Reduction MO MO O ox red 2 MO red O 2 H 2 O/CO 2 recycle red red 2 nd step: Oxidation MO H O MO H 2 ox 2 MO CO MO CO MO ox 2 ox H 2 /CO To Liquid Fuels 16

17 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels from thermochemical cycles Concentrated Solar Energy CeO 2 1 st step: Solar Reduction CeO CeO O CeO2 O 2 H 2 O/CO 2 2 nd step: Oxidation CeO H O CeO H CeO2 CO2 CeO2 CO H 2 /CO recycle CeO 2 To Liquid Fuels 17

18 Research topics related to WP9 Solar fuels from thermochemical cycles reticulated porous ceria Science 330, , Energy & Env. Science 5, , Energy & Fuels 26, ,

19 Research topics related to WP9 Rate (ml min -1 g -1 CeO 2 ) Simultaneous CO 2 /H 2 O splitting 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 H 2 O:CO 2 = 5.5 reduction O ml g Energy & Env. Science 5, , RPC Time (min) oxidation CO: 1.15 ml g -1 H 2 : 1.51 ml g -1 T Ceria Solar Power Gas Flows Temperature ( C) Reduction Oxidation 3.4 kw 0 kw Ar: 2 l min -1 CO 2 : 0.4 l min -1 H 2 O: 2.2 l min -1 O 2 : Fuel = 0.5 ± 0.05 No hydrocarbons No C depositions Total selectivity 19

20 Research topics related to WP12 Development of a novel indirect-irradiation solar receiver based on annular reticulate porous ceramics with air as working fluid 20

21 Research topics related to WP12 Development of a novel indirect-irradiation solar receiver based on annular reticulate porous ceramics with air as working fluid ASME JTSEA 1, p , 2009 ASME JSEE 134, p , 2012 Objectives T air >> 585 C T target = C Thermal receiver efficiency ~ 80 % Efficiency, η th η carnot 56 % 21

22 Research topics related to WP12 Ray-tracing analysis for the design of non-imaging secondary concentrators for solar parabolic dishes and solar towers Goal: approximate parabolic shape with a array of membranes Design of secondary non-imaging concentrators: CPC, trumpets, dielectrics. Partners: Airlight Energy 22