Ecosystem-based oceans management: Norway s management plans

Transcription

1 Ecosystem-based oceans management: Norway s management plans By: Alf Hakon Hoel and Erik Olsen Institute of Marine Research, Norway Photo: T. de Lange Wenneck

2 Context & drivers The plans The scientific basis Implementation Relevance to tipping points

3 Integrated oceans management Response to climate change, pollution, increasing economic activity The cumulative impacts of various uses of and pressures on the marine environment necessitate integrated approaches Addressed through a number of concepts: Marine Spatial Planning, Ocean Zoning, Ecosystem-based ocean management etc.

4 An ocean state Area Sea: 2,3 million km 2 under Norwegian jurisdiction Land: km 2 Value creation Petroleum, aquaculture and fisheries are the main exports and foundation our welfare

5 Decline in oil/gas production: need for new fields to fill the gap New areas off Northern Norway Most promising: Lofoten Vesterålen Need infrastructure moving north to access arctic fields

6 Fishing is the main impact, but with areaconflicts with oil/gas VMS data for 2009 for vessels >21m Pink blocks are areas opened for petroleum activities

7 Human use of the areas 6 u 11\1 ~ f."rii!:1 110 ll(t D - 1 ~ ~~ C=:J :15-1i50 al B 00 ila:&! t!ij.di. - 1!;;i1 - ~ n ~mn 110 s.:.n:!:ftms. Cl.r.r'l!.n:t ~ ~ - EiD1-11 ~k; ~2-4m, ~ ~!5 lo:n05 ~ ftki'... ft»i"!im )'ftll ~o-~~ Anon 2009 Von Quillfeldt et al 2009 Jan MwHI

8 Pollution issues

9 The Plan

10 Start: 2001 Barents Sea: 2006, revision in 2010/2011 Norwegian Sea: 2009 North Sea: planned 2013

11 The planning process Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 c -ro Scoping Assments of impacts of: Aggregated analyses: 0.. Oil and gas Total impact ~ Status reports: Shipping Management goals c Environment and Fisheries Gaps in knowledge Q) resources External influences Vulnerable areas and E Valuable area conflic of interests Q) Socioecomnomic Consulation with public on C) aspects mandate and final reports Stakeholder conference ro Economic activities Development of Ecological Quality Objectives c ro ~ From: von Quillfeldt et al 2009

12 The science behind the plan

13 Some areas are more valuable than others Spawning areas for cod, herring, capelin, haddock and saithe Larvae areas for cod, herring, capelin, haddock and saithe Olsen et al ICES JMS

14 Particularly valuable and vulnerable areas.. Valuable and vulnerable areas C] Variable lce-edge r::oil'.j Dlsputed area Von Quillfeldt et al 2009 Olsen and Auran, 2008

15 Revision of the Barents Sea plan (2010/2011) new knowledge MAREANO seabed mapping project Idenfication of vulnerable nature types (OSPAR) + many other projects MAREANO MAREANO Buhl-Mortensen and Buhl-Mortensen, 2009

16 Key Scientific challenges Effects of climate change and ocean acidification Environmental risks and consequences of human activities Effect of fisheries on benthic habitats Better understanding of trophic interactions in the system Defining and setting value to ecosystem components and habitats Assessing vulnerability, cumulative impacts and cumulative vulnerability Photo: T. de Lange Wenneck

17 Implementation

18 Implementation and review Ministerial steering group Advisory group Management forum Forum for environmental risk Outside events Annual reports 2010 Knowledge base for review of Management Plan Political process: New priorities 2011 New Gov. White paper. Revised plan

19 No specific legislation - implemented through existing legislation New Oceans Resources Act Annual reporting of status and state of knowledge Development of an indicator-based reporting system (ecosystem state) Assessment of environmental risk Routing system for shipping Fisheries regulations Area-based management framework for petroleum

20 Area-based management frameworks o o o 5 o 15 o 25 o 35 o 45 o 55 o 65 o 75 o 85 o :re e 6' E ~E 10' E 12' E o "' ";' o Wells CJTFOareas [ Production Licences Management plan area Shipping routes r:::] Ecologically va lua ble areas CJ Disputed area.. Oil/gas discoveries..... Olsen et al 2007 High inten sity fishing Fra mework for petroleum industry No petroleum activity No new petroleum activities No drilling, Ma rch - September Framework for Petroleum activities, Norwegian Sea ""'"""..._~~---of... ( NO._..,~~w-f)llbMfVI0~~~--~(1"' "'4) - No~$111r!g~--lleWWICI~~_,,.(, Ap 31~1 - No...,-.llon..-ngll'lclllbeMWIII.._,_~~(I F...!..a.n,IO'...,_~C I ""-1 Mayl No~~--ØII~~. flllllfiwt..d... CI Aø ISNn) -... tpnll;....,..,.l Norwegian petroleum dir, 2009

21 Risks associated with oil/gas production OLF Statoil Exploration drilling Production

22 New Knowledge: Assessing environmental risk of oil spills Tapsandel årsklasserekruttering - Data fra vs. 2008/ % 90 % 80 % 70 % Sannsynlighet 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0 % 7 7ny 8 8ny 7 7ny 8 8ny 7 7ny 8 8ny 7 7ny 8 8ny Nordland V Nordland VI Nordland V Nordland VI Torsk Sild 0 % 0-1% 1-2% 2-5% 5-10% 10-20% 20-30% 30-50% >50% DNV 2010

23 New Events: Deepwater horizon blowout Duration: 87 d Total spill: m 3 Spill rate: m 3 d -1

24 Potential for improvements ORGANIZATIONAL: Based on science, but need transparency and peer review Improve cooperation between sectors Identifying disagreements, enhancing the scientific ethos SCIENTIFIC Socioeconomic effects are not assessed Ecosystem services are not assessed Communication of uncertainties Photo: T. de Lange Wenneck

25 Integrated oceans management and tipping points Consider cumulative impacts Assess risks Reconcile concerns Enhance resilience

26 Can the Norwegian experience be copied? Small, homogenous and rich Efficient, centralized administration Effective science

27 Thank you for your attention! Photo: T. de Lange Wenneck