Attracting investments in plasma-based air and water cleaning technologies, PlasTEP+

Transcription

1 Attracting investments in plasma-based air and water cleaning technologies, PlasTEP+ A joint Baltic Sea Region project Dr inż. Marcin Hołub Electrical Engineering Faculty West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Part-financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund

2 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 1

3 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 2

4 Odor: property of a substance which affects the sense of smell Webster dictionary Odor threshold values for well over 450 substances are available. Odor VOC Inorganic See the presentation of Mr. Brandenburg VFAs H 2 S Alcohols Ammonia Hydrocarbons 3

5 First technical concepts and trials: ~1940 History is 37 years long: goes back to 1976 (C. Nebel, N. Forde - Ozone: Analytical Aspects and Odor Control, 1976: Principles of deodorization with ozone ). Direct non-thermal plasma treatment: ~1990 (Yamamoto, Chang, Ramanathan), plasma enhanced catalytic treatment: ~2000 Figure from: Corona Discharge Processes, Jen-Shih Chang, Member, IEEE, Phil A. Lawless, and Toshiaki Yamamoto, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 19, NO. 6, DECEMBER

6 Historical view Source: M.H. Cho, K. B. Ko, Y. C. Byun: Environmental Applications of Plasmas, 8th APCPST at Cairns, Australia, July 3,

7 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 6

8 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 7

9 Figure from: Zarook Shareefdeen, Ajay Singh (Eds.): Biotechnology for Odor and Air Pollution Control, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

10 Typical approaches for odor reduction: Thermal combustion Catalytic treatment Expensive (costs of fuel), emissions from 1g VOC /m 3 Catalyst expensive, material waste Regenerative methods Chemical methods (adsorption, absorption, condensation etc.) Molecular sieve Biological methods Some energy recovered Selective in odor reduction, not always efficient Excellent in some cases, but expensive Sounds good in theory, (but in practice ) 9

11 Biofilters? Figure from: Zarook Shareefdeen, Ajay Singh (Eds.): Biotechnology for Odor and Air Pollution Control, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

12 Figures from: A Comparative Analysis of Odour Treatment Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plant, JOSE M. ESTRADA, N. J. R. B art KRAAKMAN, RAUL MUNOZ, RAQUEL LEBRERO, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45,

13 Biofilters? - Momentary outlet concentrations average: ou! Max: ou, - No sulfur containing agent reduction, - Estimated efficiency of reduction: 50%, - Outlet of the biofilter: 12

14 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 13

15 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 14

16 Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S): O + H 2 S SH + OH OH + H 2 S SH + H 2 O SH + O 2 SO + OH SH + O SO + H Regeneration: SH + SH H 2 S + S Final stable by-product: Formation of SO 3, regeneration of SO 2 : O + SO 2 SO 3 O + SO3 SO 2 + O 2 Water can improve removal but sulfuric acid can be produced: OH+ SO 2 HOSO 2 HOSO 2 + O 2 SO 2 + HO 2 SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 SO + O SO 2 SO + OH SO 2 + H SO + O SO 2 + O Jarrige, J., and Vervisch, P. (2007). "Decomposition of Gaseous Sulfid e Compounds in Air by Pulsed Corona Discharge." Plasma Chemistry a nd Plasma Processing, 27(3),

17 Hydrocarbons: OH + RH R + H 2 O R radical reacts with oxygen: R + O 2 RO 2 RO 2 reacts with another saturated hydrocarbon: RO 2 + RH RO 2 H + R Final stable by-product: CO 2 and H 2 O Fridman, A. (2008). Plasma Chemistry., Cambridge University Press. 16

18 Ammonia: Youn-Suk Son, Ki-Hyung Kim, Ki-Joon Kim, Jo-Chun Kim: Ammonia decomposition using electron beam, Plasma Chem Plasma Process (2013) 33:

19 Deodorization Sulfuric acid (DMS) Źródło: Julien Jarrige and Pierre Vervisch Decomposition of Gaseous Sulfide Compounds in Air by Pulsed Corona Discharge 18

20 Deodorization Source: K. B. Andersen, A. Feilberg, J. A. Beukes : Abating odour nuisance from pig production units by the use of a non-thermal plasma system, Chem. Eng. Transactions, Vol. 23,

21 Exemplary results Source: Ma, Chen, Ruan: H 2 S and NH 3 Removal by Silent Discharge Plasma and Ozone Combo-System, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 21, No. 4, December 2001 (2001) 20

22 Application examples Źródło: Firma Envisolve: 21

23 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 22

24 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 23

25 Lewobrzeżna Oczyszczalnia Ścieków, Poznań Aquanet. Two objects: preliminary sedimantation tank and thermal sludge dryer

26 Object: thermal sludge dryer Power control Analytics: ozone detector, FID, FTIR, mass chromatography. H2S detector IR (GasAlertMicro 5 IR) Flow control Catalyst temp. Control

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28 Plasma power density: 1,53 Wh/Nm 3 Olfactometry according to PN-EN 13725:2007 (EN 13725:2003) Jakość powietrza. Oznaczanie stężenia zapachowego metodą olfaktometrii dynamicznej

29 H2S human sensitivity od do 0,2 mg/m³

30 Table 1: Results of olfactometry. (n.m. not measured) No. Arrangement Total power plasma unit Temp. Cat. Scrubbing ph raw gas Odor strengths after scrubber or biofilter purified gas scrubber or biofilter Odor reduction Plasma/c at. Unit [W] [ C] [1] [OU/m³] [OU/m³] [OU/m³] [%] [%] [%] total before biofilter, only plasma/catalyst before biofilter, scrubber and plasma/catalyst after biofilter, only plasma/catalyst n.m

31 Thermal sludge dryer: - average efficiency: 84 % - average concentration on the outlet: ou - analytics: GC/MS:

32 all in ppm Results recorded by investors after 3 moths operation at thermal sludge dryer ( ): inlet of the after before after plasma dryer scrubber plasma mercaptans < 0,5 91% ammonia > below the quantification H2S 8 0,4 0,3 below the quantification amines > ,5 < 0,5 total hydrocarbons gasoline hydrocarbons % 70% 80%

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34 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 33

35 Outline: A short history of applying plasma to deodorization, Alternative technologies, Mechanisms for popular odorants, Examples of preliminary test results, Conclusions and outlook. 34

36 Conclusions and outlook: Plasma is effective in reduction of singular (or dominant) odorants but in case of industry applications usually the plasma enhanced catalysis shows better results, Plasma deodorization can be cost effective and does not require a lot of space or volume, In case of new applications we recommend preliminary measurements. 35

37 Attracting investments in plasma-based air and water cleaning technologies, PlasTEP+ A joint Baltic Sea Region project Thank You for Your attention! Dr inż. Marcin Hołub Contact: marcin.holub@zut.edu.pl; Results also from: R. Brandenburg, H. Grosch (INP Greifswald) S. Weinmann (Rafflenbeul Engineers, Langen, Germany) 36