The Spanish experience with vast amounts of renewable power. Dr. Silvia Serrano Calle ETSIT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Spanish experience with vast amounts of renewable power. Dr. Silvia Serrano Calle ETSIT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)"

Transcription

1 The Spanish experience with vast amounts of renewable power Dr. Silvia Serrano Calle ETSIT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)

2 Agenda Energy in Spain Electricity generation and renewable power in Spain Duration curves for power generation Renewables integration Evolution of power generation Concluding remarks

3 Energy Production Spain ( ) Source: OECD/IEA (www. iea.org/stats)

4 Share of total primary energy supply* in 2012 Source: OECD/IEA (www. iea.org/stats)

5 Electricity Generation by Fuel. Spain ( ) Source: OECD/IEA (www. iea.org/stats)

6 Spanish Power Generation in 2014 Production (Cumulative) Energy without CO2 emissions: 64% Renewable energy: 42% GWh Wind Solar (Photo-voltaic) Solar (Concentrated solar power) Biomass Hydro Pumped hydro Nuclear Coal CCG Combined Cycle Gas Cogeneration and waste GENERATION Source: REE, Provisional Data (Jan-Dec 2014)

7 Power Generation in Spain Source: REE Daily data. Total Power Generation Year: 2013 XXXV Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física, Gijón 2015

8 Electricity Demand Energy Demand (MW) for a reference week (August 2013) Source: REE

9 Power Generation Month: January 2013 Daily power generation Source: REE

10 Power Generation Source: REE Month: July 2013 Daily data

11 Wind & Power Generation Spain 2014 High volatility Peak 2014 (26/03/2014): 63% Wind Power Production= MW Minimum coverage 2014 (05/09/2014): <1% Wind Power Production= 148 MW Source: REE

12 Duration Curves Power Generation in Spain 2013 Graphs normalized for total power generation in the year (8.760 hours) Renewables: Wind, Photo-voltaic & Concentrated solar power (CSP)

13 Spain 2013 Nuclear: 7,866 MW 56,827 GWh Capacity Factor (CF) = 82% Observe the very large CF (line almost horizontal. The downsteps correspond to some nuclear plants of approx. 1,000 MW being stopped. Sorry not to show number of hours (8760) in the year in horizontal axis!

14 Spain 2013 Wind: 22,854 MW 54,383 GWh CF = 27 % Value relatively good of the CF for onshore wind

15 Spain 2013 Solar PV: 4,422 MW 7,915 MWh CF = 20.4 % Fairly high CF, about twice the one in Northern Germany. The line intersects the horizontal axis at half the year as expected for PV

16 Spain 2013 Solar CSP: 2,300 MW 4,442 GWh CF = 22.0 % Observe that the CF is somewhat larger than for PV, and that the line intersects the horizontal axis closer to the right due to storage in CSP.

17 Spain 2013 Hydropower: 17,785 MW 33,970 GWh CF = 22% Observe the low value of CF for being hydro. This is probably due to partial use of hydro as storage and backup.

18 Spain 2013 Hydropower (rivers): 2,102 MW 7,099 GWh, CF = 38.5 %

19 Spain 2013 COAL : 11,131 MW, 39,807 GWh, CF= 41% n c c CF typical of coal when used both as baseload and backup.

20 Spain 2013 Combined Cycle: 25,353 MW 25,091 GWh CF = 11 % Very low CF!!. Can Combined Cycle be profitable with such a low CF?. In addition to backup, should not be used as a medium-c emitter more oftenly?

21 Renewables Integration High potential for new generation capacity The guarantee of a successful integration. Possible Solutions: Flexible Generation (Combined Cycles, natural gas) International interconnections Energy storage (Pumped Hydro, Batteries, Hydrogen, Supercapacitors, Pumped thermal storage ) Flexible Demand (Industry, Customers...) Smart grids Incentives to new opportunities Creating the demand (i.e., Electrical Vehycles) Smart cities and new opportunities (IoT)

22 Renewables Integration Challenges: Cost of integration and Energy prices

23 Renewables Integration Spain, the example of a reliable power system and a well diversified power generation fleet. The share of renewables in electricity supply has doubled from 2004 to A successful integration (Wind, Solar) TSO REE Future Challenges: Investment with higher integration rates and energy prices Higher penetration rates > 30-40%!! Public investment: The increasing tariff deficit (Electricity Market Reform) Perception Regulatory changes Regulatory Risk

24 Evolution of power generation in Spain Renewables (CO2 free) v. Coal, Natural Gas and others Source: REE

25 Concluding Remarks Emissions must be reduced and the use of energy should be more efficient to protect and preserve the ecosystem and global temperatures. Achieving carbon-dioxide emissions targets requiere changes in the energy mix. It is necessary to find an efficient way to guarantee energy supply with traditional sources (i.e. gas, nuclear) while renewables are improving their efficiency and become less costly than traditional sources (coal, gas, oil). Security of supply improves with renewables. I.e, the case of Spain, where nowadays there is a diverse power generation with a successful integration of vast amounts of renewables To improve investment in clean energy it is necessary to set regulatory policies focused on technical criteria while improving investors and energy companies confidence. Customer education is a key aspect on an effecient use of energy. International interconnections and cross-border connections (i.e. Spain) are the key to guarantee renewables integration over 40%

26 Thank you for your attention