Is there life after the fossils? VTT 2018

Transcription

1 Is there life after the fossils? 1

2 Sustainable hydrocarbon business based on biogenic carbon dioxide and renewable electricity Sampo Mäkikouri 1, Markus Hurskainen 1, Kristian Melin 1, Tapio Vehmas 1, Janne Kärki 1, Eemeli Tsupari 1 1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd ICCDU XVI. Aug 27-30, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2

3 Value chain 3

4 Sustainability? VTT Discussion paper on Carbon Capture and Utilization: makingoftomorrow.com/carboncapture-utilization/ 4

5 3 cases Picture: VTT Formic acid CO 2 cured concrete CO 2 from raw biogas Hungry for more? 5

6 Formic acid production at a pulp mill Payback time 1-3 years! 6

7 Formic acid synthesis (TRL 3-5) Pulp mill case: Electricity & grid service 32.5 MWe electrolyser 1 MWe Steam Water Electrolysis H 2 (η=67% LHV) 180 kg/h Amine FA-Amine adduct Formic acid 0.95 MW O kg/h CO kg/h 20 kg/h Synthesis η conv.h2 =63% η conv.co2 =98% FA-adduct Free amine Catalysts Methanol Amine Liquid-liquid separation of catalysts FA-adduct Methanol Formic (85%) acid 340 kg/h Reactive distillation (separation and purification of FA from amine-adduct) Stripping of solvent (methanol) Amine+catalysts LT Heat 0.7 MW Methanol Based on: Pérez-fortes & Tzimas,

8 Feasibility evaluation method Hourly plant operation model Values for full load operation Heat for CO2 rege 0.83 MW = inputs from this sheet Process gas / Syngas / Captured CO2 CO 0 % vol-% = inputs to formulas 0 kg CO2/h 1000 kg/h CO2 100 % vol-% Electrolysis 40 /t CO2 0 /t gas CH4 0 % vol-% Water 1 Synthesis H2 0 % vol-% 1228 kg/h 0.0 H2 balance ok 0.4 /m3 Efficiency (LHV) 67 % H2/power 137 kg H 2 /h Inputs to Methanol 83 % (LHV, net) 2 Capacity 6.8 MW e 0 kg CO/h 3.8 MW Electricity 0 0 kg CO2/h 70 /MWh chosen spot price scenario Avg. 36 /MWh + transmission + taxes 10 /MWh overall 95 % Oxygen Heat Steam Other by-products? 1091 kg/h 2.12 MW 0.53 MW 50 /t O 2 0 /MWh 30 /MWh 0 PERFORMANCE DATA Alkaline electrolyser cell (AEC) System efficiency to H2 Heat losses 2 % Presssure range 67 % LHV 1-30 bar Solid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC), steam electrolysis System efficiency to H2 77 % LHV Presssure range 1-10 bar Pressure drop 10 % Solid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC), co-electrolysis H2/CO ratio 0 mooliosuus H2/CO ratio, for SNG 4 H2/CO ratio, for MeOH 2.75 Reactant utilisation 80 % Presssure range 1-10 bar Pressure drop 10 % 8

9 Assumed market parameters for formic acid production at a pulp Optimisticmill. scenario Conservative scenario Products Formic acid 700 /t Formic acid 600 /t Electricity spot price scenario Electricity transmission + net taxes Finland % (avg. price 25.6 /MWh) Extra price variation ±30% Finland 2016 (avg. price 32.0 /MWh) 2 /MWh (only net tax) 2 /MWh (only net tax) FCR scenario - - CO 2 capture+purification 30 /t CO2 50 /t CO2 O 2 utilisation Avg 34 /t O2 (decreased electricitydemand + other PSA OPEX 5 /t + PSA CAPEX 20 /t) Avg 16 /t O2 (decreased electricitydemand + 5 /t for other PSA OPEX) Heat utilisation 0 /MWh 0 /MWh Cost of steam Avg 6.5 /MWh Avg 8.1 /MWh Investment subsidy 30% 0% 9

10 Key results Formic acid (FA) 10

11 New methods for CO 2 cured concrete Potential for replacing 26 % of the cement with CO 2. 11

12 Thermodynamic modelling of CO 2 cured concrete CO 2 $ conventional new methods 12

13 Modelled volumes of solids in CO 2 cured concrete. 1% CO 2 20 % CO 2 40 % CO 2 63,4 cm 3 64,8 cm 3 60,1 cm 3 51,4 cm 3 3. AFt Thaumasite 2. Portlandite Calcite Portlandite 2. AFt -monocarbonate 1. AFt carbonate phases 60 % CO 2 55,1 cm 3 CSH 4. Mg dolomite 4. Na dawsonite 4. A kaolinite 13

14 Benefits from new process design! CO % CO 2 of cement weight, permanently -26 wt-% cement 14

15 Novel ejector based concept for CO 2 capture CAPEX -30% when applied to biogas purification. 15

16 A novel ejector-based CO 2 capturing concept. Here CO 2 is separated for use outside the process. 16

17 Conclusions Formic acid production at a pulp mill could pay back in 1-3 years, if the technology (TRL 3-5) works in commercial scale. New methods for CO 2 cured concrete could replace up to 26 % of the cement with CO 2, if a suitable process is developed. A patent is applied for a novel ejector based concept for CO 2 capture. It could save CAPEX by 30 % in biogas applications. The economic feasibility of a CCU value chain is dominated by electricity price, heat and steam integration, utilising CCU by-products and end products on-site, matching the purity of available CO 2 and utilised CO 2, avoiding CO 2 transportation and scale (bigger is better) 17

18 Please, contact us kristian.melin Ejector concept, chemistry janne.karki Project manager, tapio.vehmas concrete chemistry sampo. makikouri CCU concrete applications 18

19 This time, let s do it right! 19

20 Thank you for your attention! #vttpeople Pictures sourced from image banks with CC0 licence, unless mentioned otherwise.