BUILDING SERVICE ENGINEERING 2 BUILDING MODELING AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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1 BUILDING SERVICE ENGINEERING 2 BUILDING MODELING AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION Asst. Prof. Dr. Norbert Harmathy Budapest University of Technology and Economics OUTLINE Integrated design process Building model types and BIM technology Energy simulation software Multi-zone thermal model Building envelope, Smart building, Smart City Conclusion 1

2 INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS Emissions (construction, operation, retrofitting, de-construction) The building weather different building types: offices, dwellings, industry, hospital, active/passive heat climate wall layers with different (ecological) materials fenestration: types of windows, area cold electricity shading through other buildings, trees, human influences, behavior needs heat, cold, electricity, water, light orientation, shape, surface, volume, water day light complex interrelations 2

3 INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS 1 STEP Creating a multi-disciplinary design team from the first day, who have adequate knowledge from energy efficiency and environment. 2 STEP The analysis of boundary conditions and the client s needs, in order to formulate general goals of the project. 3 STEP Creating a quality assurance program and quality control program 4 STEP At the beginning workshops are organized for all members of the team during the design process. 5 STEP Concept Plan Preparation - close cooperation between the architects and engineers 6 STEP Quality Control Plan update and energy efficiency documentation 7 STEP Preparation of operation and maintenance manual BUILDING MODELLING The model is an original object or fictive set of information. The model can be: Original constructed of different materials Computational 3D model, a representation of any threedimensional surface via specialized software Numerical model, a simulation to reproduce behavior of a system 3

4 COMPUTATIONAL MODEL TYPES Construction model Architectural model Energy model BIM TECHNOLOGY BIM Building Information Modeling BIM is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition. Building information modeling extends beyond 3D, augmenting the three primary spatial dimensions (width, height and depth) with time as the fourth dimension (4D) and cost as the fifth (5D). 4

5 BIM TECHNOLOGY The BIM software sets a relationship between objects, so if one object changes, the impact refers to other objects that depend on it. Professionals are involved in a virtual "common-model" created by the design team. Architect, mechanical engineer, construction engineer, electrical engineer, programmer IDP Owner, constructor, operator BIM TECHNOLOGY Autodesk: AutoCAD, Civil 3D, Inventor, Ecotect, Revit Architecture & Structure, 3D Studio Max, Maya, Vasari, MEP Graphisoft: ArchiCAD Dassault Systèmes: Catia V6 McNeel: Rhinocheros 5

6 Autodesk REVIT Autodesk REVIT 6

7 Graphisoft ARCHICAD ENERGY SIMULATION SOFTWARE BLAST BSim DOE2 ECOTECT EnerWin EcoDesigner Energy-10 TRACE TRNSYS Design builder PHPP Energy EnergyPlus equest ESP-r SUNREL TAS IDA ICE IES<VE> HAP HEED Express Zone Loads Interior surface convection, Internal thermal mass Automatic design day calculations for sizing Building Envelope, Day-lighting and Solar Outside surface convection algorithm Inside radiation view factors Radiation-to-air component separate from detailed convection (exterior) Solar gain and day-lighting calculations account for inter-reflections from external building components and other buildings Ventilation, Room Air and Multi-zone Airflow Automatic calculation of wind pressure coefficients Natural ventilation (pressure, buoyancy driven) Multi-zone airflow (via pressure network model) Hybrid natural and mechanical ventilation Control window opening based on zone or external conditions Displacement ventilation Mix of flow networks and CFD domains Contaminants, mycotoxins (mold growth) HVAC Systems and Renewable Energy Systems Renewable Energy Systems Idealized HVAC systems User-configurable HVAC systems Pre-configured systems Discrete HVAC components Economic Evaluation Simple energy and demand charges Complex energy tariffs including fixed charges, block charges, demand charges, 7

8 CALCULATION METHODS Simplified method (Static simulation) CIBSE Admittance method Complex method (Dynamic simulation) TETD (Total Equivalent Temperature Difference) CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference, wall type and roof type categories are provided) TFM (Transfer Function Method) HB (Heat Balance, allow smooth and infinite variations of wall types with different thermal mass) RTS (Radiant Time Series) WF (Weighting Factor method) Autodesk ECOTECT ANALYSIS Solar analysis Climatological data Sun-path diagram 8

9 RADIANCE Complex analysis Spacial light dispersion Spacial light intensity DYNAMIC SIMULATION Application: physics, nanotechnology, technical sciences, medicine, biotechnology etc. Dynamic simulation is the analysis of a numerical model s or system s behavior and it s representation in the function of time. The simulation runs in the function of time intervals, and it s aim is to assess a system s behavior and functionality in high detail. It can be used for optimization of processes. The system or numerical model are described with complex differential equations and mathematical processes. 9

10 ENERGYPLUS ENERGYPLUS HVAC system simulation Demand Supply 10

11 BIM MODEL PREPARATION FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION Autodesk Revit, ArchiCAD Ecotect, Radiance SketchUp, DesignBuilder Open Studio Energy Plus 11

12 Climatological data Urban data Construction and materials Characteristics of building envelope Building function Occupancy intensity Equipment operation schedule FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE Thermal comfort parameters of occupants Internal energy loads: Occupants Electric equipment Electric lighting Solar radiation Natural ventilation HVAC system MULTI-ZONE THERMAL ENERGYMODEL Thermal zone division 12

13 Meteotest Genossenschaft, 2014 Bern, Svájc CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA Meteonorm V7 database Climate data package (interval 15 min, 1 h, 24 h) Mont Ta G_Gh Td RH G_Dh FF DD IRD h Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year URBAN DATA Annual Sun path diagram Building orientation Shading Wind direction Situation plan 13

14 SCHEDULES OCCUPANT SCHEDULES AND INTENSITY OCCUPANTS Intensity Activity Time intervals ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE AND INTENSITY Intensity Schedules Time intervals EP SIMULATION PROCESS 14

15 BUILDING ENVELOPE Intelligent envelope VS. Aesthetic envelope 15

16 BUILDING ENVELOPE SMART SKIN PNC Plaza, Pittsburg, USA Solar chimney SMART & LOW-COST Student dormitory in Paris form reused wooden pallets. 16

17 BUILDING ENVELOPE VS. SMART BUILDING Building construction Construction materials + Energy management Lighting control HVAC control system Safety control Mobile remote control 17

18 SMART CITY Energy Buildings Public Transport Services Water Management Integration... CONCLUSION INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS Complex process, which can find optimal solutions. DYNAMIC SIMULATION BENEFITS Building management and energy efficiency of forecast Improving the energy consumption in buildings with detailed analysis Construction materials, HVAC system and schedule modeling ENERGY SIMULATION SMART BUILDING SMART CITY USER COMFORT 18