Green Fuels for Arctic Maritime Vessels. SAQIB SOHAIL TOOR, PhD Associate Professor Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University, Denmark

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1 Green Fuels for Arctic Maritime Vessels SAQIB SOHAIL TOOR, PhD Associate Professor Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University, Denmark

2 Agenda 2 HTL (Hydrothermal Liquefaction) a brief technology overview The sustainability proposition of HTL

3 AAU Bioenergy 3 Sustainable, low water requirement processing

4 HTL HydroThermal Liquefaction 4 Water as liquid HTL: Hydrothermal liquefaction regime Critical o C, 220 bar Supercritical Region SuperCritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Hydrothermal Gasification (HTG) Conditions comparable to those under which fossil oil and coal were created: pressures around bar, temperatures in the range degrees C. Hot Compressed Water Processes Except time: 100 s mill years vs 15 minutes Water as steam + H 2 O + catalyst CO 2, CH 4, H 2, CO

5 HTL reactor ~ 15 min HTL HydroThermal Liquefaction 5 FEEDSTOCK PREPARATION BIOMASS-TO-BIOCRUDE CONVERSION Biomass slurry prep. Plastic Lignin Lignin Polysaccha Polysaccharides -rides Proteins Proteins Lipids Lipids BIOMASS CATALYST WATER Pressurizing and pumping ~300 bar Rapid heating ~400 C HTL conversion BIOCRUDE UPGRADING BIOCRUDE SEPARATION Gas Biocrude Upgrading BIO CRUDE BIO CRUDE Water Solids WSO Gas product (CO 2, H 2, CH 4 ) CRUDE OIL Drop-in biofuels CRUDE OIL Biocrude Centrifuge Pressure reduction

6 Drop-in biofuels 6 IEA Task 39 definition: Drop-biofuels are defined as liquid hydrocarbons that are functionally equivalent to petroleum fuels and are fully compatible with existing petroleum infrastructure Consequences No blend wall Drop-in point can be chosen from a number of criteria, eg efficiency or sustainability Existing infrastructure can be repurposed Significant reduction of time-toimplementation and cost Efficient focus on primary conversion step

7 Near-commercial HTL data 7 40% of the bio-crude is in marine fuel range True and simulated boiling point distribution of dehydrated Hydrofaction oil

8 Recovery (wt.%) Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) Results from Continuous Hydrotreatment and distillation Recovery (%) % increase of IBP-350 o C distillate Deoxygenation and TAN elimination Viscosity and density improved High quality product in high yields (~100vol.%) Fractional distillation of product Hydrofaction Oil Hydrofaction TM Oil 350C 325C 320C 375C 370C Preliminary results of Hydrofaction yields 400L of upgraded oil per 1 ton wood Of these >200L is diesel equivalent (IBP basis)

9 Sustainable, low sulphur marine drop-in biofuel from (Scandinavian) lignocellulose by HydroThermal Liquefaction 9 Lignocellulosic biomass feed Test Pretreatment Overall energy efficiency ~ 85% Hydrofaction Oil >20% DM slurry w/ alkaline catalyst DMB (ISO 8217) Viscosity (cps) at 40 C (max) HTL@ o C bar Solution to meet Specifications Blending / Vis-breaking Density (kg/m 3 ) (max) Blending Total Acid number (mg KOH /kg) (max) All other specifications MET or EXCEEDED Sulfur (wt%) (max) Oxygen (wt%) No standard HHV (MJ/kg) No Standard LHV (MJ/kg) No Standard Blending /Hydrogenation H 2 source: gas product phase or renewable electricity-to-h 2 Gas product ~40%wt of input DM ~85% wt CO2, ~11% wt C1-C4 ~1% wt H2,HHV ~7-8 MJ/kg Energy recovery (oil fraction): 80-85% Carbon recovery (oil fraction): 60-70% Hydrofaction Oil ~40% wt of input DM ~85% wt C, ~11% wt H H/C eff ~ 1.4

10 CBS1 advanced continuous HTL research platform at AAU bpd capacity oil production hours, hours hot operation Commissioned May 2013

11 A A U B I OMASS TO VA L I D AT E D F U E L P L AT F ORM W W W. B I OMASS.AAU.DK ANALYSIS Product separation Biomass pretreatment Continuous HTL 1/3 bpd Continuous hydrotreatment (2 stage) End use validation jet or ICE engine platform Renewable oil well Existing & adapted infrastructure Fertilizers, CO2, biochar Process water Acknowledgements: Grant # Grant # B AAU HTL team: Thomas H. Pedersen, Saqib S. Toor, Anne V.K. Rasmussen, Federica Conti, Daniele Castello, Claus U. Jensen, Iulia M. Sintamarean, Ionela F. Grigoras

12 Next steps for real biofuels? 12 Demonstration scale in Denmark? Absolutely

13 Deployment of low sulphur sustainable marine bio-fuel production 13 North Denmark location: Frederikshavn? Straight between DK-Sweden is 3. most heavily trafficked in the world Immediate market of approx tons marine fuel annually Plant size bpd: demonstration >1000 bpd: commercial Feedstock: forestry residue (supplemented by ad hoc resources)

14 T H A N K YOU F OR YOUR AT T E N T I ON