Greenhouse Effect. How we stay warm

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1 Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm

2 The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space)

3 How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming solar radiation

4 Infrared Waves Infrared waves are commonly referred to as heat rays. It warms materials that absorb it. Infrared Radiation has less energy than visible light. If our eyes could see infrared radiation, what would it look like? You would see anything that produces heat, including plants and animals, no matter how dark it was.

5 Ultraviolet Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation has more energy than the light you can see. Ultraviolet radiation can cause sunburn and other types of damage The Sun produces a significant amount of ultraviolet waves. Most of these waves never reach the surface of the Earth. They are either absorbed, or reflected and bounced away by molecules in the upper atmosphere.

6 Ozone Ozone- A protective layer of gas that is made of three atoms of Oxygen (O3). Ozone is a protectant in the Stratosphere by absorbing UV Radiation on Earth. Ozone is a pollutant in the Troposphere.

7 The Ozone Layer 90% of all ozone is in the stratosphere 10% of all ozone is in the troposphere Ozone is extremely important because it is the only gas that absorbs UV radiation from the sun and protects the Earth from its damaging effects.

8 Ozone Ozone absorbs harmful UV Radiation from the sun, while allowing other types of radiation, such as visible light and infrared radiation to get through

9 Global Heat Budget Condensation & Ultimately, the Sun s heat and Earth s energy transfer is a major cause of weather.

10 Greenhouse Effect The Process by which atmosphere gases absorb heat energy from the sun and prevent heat from leaving our atmosphere. In other words, greenhouse gases trap heat energy and keep it close to earth. 3 Main Greenhouse Gases: CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2), Methane, and WATER VAPOR

11 Explain the Greenhouse Effect in your own words.

12 Is the Greenhouse Effect Good or Bad? It is necessary for life (good)- it keeps our climate toasty warm and prevents it from fluctuating (changing) too much. It is bad when: there are too many greenhouse gasses and the climate gets warmer (GLOBAL WARMING)

13 What is Global Warming? An increase in average global temperatures It is caused by an increase in Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere

14 What causes an Increase in Greenhouse gases? 1. CARBON DIOXIDE is added to the atmosphere when people burn coal, oil (gasoline), and natural gas FOSSIL FUELS, for transportation, factories, and electricity.

15 What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases? 2. Deforestation, or the clearing of forests, also increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the air because in photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide and remove it from the atmosphere, they make oxygen.

16 What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases? 3. Volcanoes, fires, and respiration (breathing) also add CO2 to the atmosphere. Carbon Cycle

17 What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases? 4. Methane is produced when garbage is buried in landfills, from animal waste (poop), and from other natural sources.

18 What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases? 5. As temperatures increase, evaporation increases which adds

19 LOOK Is there a correlation between temperature and CO2 levels?

20 Is Global Warming Happening? 1. How much have global temperatures changed between 1980 and 2000? 2. How much are global temperatures expected to change between 2000 and 2100?

21 Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps? 3. What percent of the polar ice caps have melted since 1979?

22 Is Sea Level Rising? 4. How much has sea level gone up since 1990?

23 5. Is Global Warming Causing Stronger Storms? Hurricanes get strength from warm ocean water. A warmer climate causes warmer ocean currents. We might see an increase in strong storms as a result of global warming.

24 6. Man-made Sources of Greenhouse Gasses

25 Start a Mind Map by drawing or typing anywhere: Man-Made Greenhouse Gas Source

26 Human activities affect the atmosphere.

27 Human Sources of Pollution Smog Transportation and Industry Fossil Fuels Farming Acid Rain

28 Smog The combination of smoke, fog and chemicals Sunlight causes fumes from fossil fuels to react chemically. The reaction forms new pollutants (like ozone) and creates smog. Smog causes breathing issues by irritating the lungs.

29 Transportation and Industry Passenger vehicles are a major pollution contributor, producing significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution. In 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air. Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide and other chemicals into the air which depletes the quality of air.

30 Fossil Fuels Fuels formed from prehistoric organisms that are burned for energy Examples: Coal, Gasoline and Oil Using less Fossil Fuels is the best way to improve air quality because the burning of fossil fuels is THE major cause of air pollution. Fossil Fuels release large amounts of CO2 and other gases in the air.

31 Farming

32 Acid Rain Acid Rain is when the gases from burning fossil fuels mix with water vapor. The acids mix with cloud droplets or ice crystals that eventually fall to Earth s surface as precipitation. It is harmful to both living and non living things.

33 Natural Sources of Pollutions Pollutants: dust, pollen, radon mold spores and salt Natural Events release pollutants such as: o Forest Fires o Volcanic Eruptions o Plant Pollen

34 Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency of the US federal government created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment. Benefits of the EPA: Cleaner Air- regulations have been placed on factories smokestacks from releasing harmful pollutants into the air. Lead has been removed from gasoline and paint. Cleaner Water- banned dumping sewage and other pollutants into steams, lakes and rivers Pesticides- removed the use of DDT ( a cancer causing agent. Environmental Waste- banned disposing of hazardous chemical waste like ordinary trash Climate limiting carbon pollution from power plants which increase greenhouse gases.