Screening of National Energy. Efficiency Action Plans. Energy Efficiency Watch. Screening of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans.

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1 Screening of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans (Appendix) Wuppertal Institut GmbH Dr. Ralf Schüle Christof Arens Dipl. Vw. Maike Bunse Vera Höfele Dagmar Kiyar MA Ecofys Daniel Becker Henryk Gaj Ava Geogijeva Miriam Harmelink Midori Shiiba Wuppertal, Köln, Berlin, 23 May 2007 EEW-Working Paper 01/08 Screening of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans Contact: Dr. Ralf Schüle Phone.: ++49 (0)202 / Fax: ++49 (0)202 / ralf.schuele@wupperinst.org supported by:

2 Contents 1 Brief Description and Austria Belgium Bruxelles and Wallonia Flanders Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Malta Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain United Kingdom 120 Disclaimer The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy and Environment / Ecofys 2

3 1 Brief Description and 1.1 Austria (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Status of publication Austria Plan available in German and English Date of publication June 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediate energy savings target 2010 Final energy savings target 2016 Measures/Sectors Additionality/early action Methods of evaluation Resource of data Federal Ministry of Trade, Industry and Labour 893,406 TJ (reference period: ) 17,900 TJ (2%) 80,400 TJ (9%) 69 in private households, 82 in public service, 48 in private service, 73 in production/agriculture, 119 in transport, 72 cross-sectoral/general 43% of all listed measures are early action Bottom-up monitoring planned for 13% of measures Federal Statistical Office of Austria ( Energy Audit Austria ) Federal Ministry for National Defence (data on energy consumption of the armed forces) Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 3

4 (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The Energy Efficiency Action Plan (EEAP) of the Republic of Austria was published by the Federal Ministry of Trade, Industry and Labour in June Although they are not explicitly mentioned in the NEEAP, several other institutions are or will be involved as implementing actors, since the Austrian strategies for improving energy end-use efficiency are embedded in various national policies. The most significant of these policies are: Government programme , including, e.g., the National Energy Efficiency Action Programme (co-ordinated by the Austrian Energy Agency), targets for minimum reduction of the energy intensity (5% by 2010, 20% by 2020), an energy check on all households by 2010, etc. Energy concepts and strategies of the Federal States Residential building subsidy (financial support to improve thermal insulation, energy efficient installations) National Climate and Energy Fund (for the period ), to which 500 million Euros have been allocated with the aim to improve energy efficiency and to increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in the production of energy National Infrastructure Offensive (improvement of the attractiveness of public passenger transport and rail transport by means of an investment programme) (3) Energy Savings target The Austrian NEEAP sets an intermediate energy savings target for 2010 of 17.9 PJ (2% of the annual average energy consumption). The final energy savings target for 2016 is 80.4 PJ (9% of annual average consumption). The NEEAP differentiates measures and instruments for different sectors; however, these are not quantified. For this reason, a detailed overview of the different sectors contributions cannot be presented here. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 4

5 (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials The basis for determining the final energy consumption relevant for the ESD was the data pool of the Energy Audit Austria, which was published by the Federal Statistical Office of Austria. The base period was The NEEAP comprises a table with the average annual consumption broken down to sectors, thus providing an overview of the areas with the largest consumption. In Austria, the sectors private households and on-ground transportation other than railway are the most relevant in this context, both accounting for roughly 30 % of the national annual average consumption respectively. Besides that, the production sector with 19.4 % and public and private services with 15.7 % are the biggest consumers. Although the savings potential of individual sectors is not explicitly calculated in the NEEAP, it can be assumed that the largest potentials can be found in the above mentioned sectors with the highest energy consumption. (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures The Austrian NEEAP includes a large and differentiated spectrum of energy efficiency measures in the private households, public service, private service, production, agriculture, and transport sector, as well as a variety of crosssectoral and general measures. Across all sectors, the majority of measures focuses on building improvement in terms of thermal insulation and energy efficient installations (heating, cooling, hot water, and ventilation). Energy efficiency measures for private households range from legal measures (e.g., thermal insulation ordinance) through financial incentives (subsidies, low-interest loans) up to information campaigns. Energy efficiency measures in the public / private service sector are based on legal regulations, financial incentives, contracting and information campaigns. They focus mainly on building insulation and building services engineering (heating water, ventilation, lighting, technical equipment). Energy efficiency measures in the production sector and agriculture: The improvement of building efficiency standards in the production process is one of the focal themes of the 73 measures. It will be mainly addressed by subsidies but also by regulatory measures, benchmarking, and information campaigns. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 5

6 Energy efficiency measures in the transport sector: Regarding to the transport sector there are 107 measures build up on legal regulations (speed limits), fiscal adjustment screws (subsidies), tenders (expansion of public transport, ), voluntary agreement, promotion and information. All measures target the reduction of individual traffic (e.g., car sharing), improving the attractiveness of public passenger and rail transport (e.g., yearly public transport network card is included provision in car insurance packages, ), and an increased use of bicycles. By means of various promotion and information campaigns the drivers awareness shall be raised. (6) Evaluation of Savings The qualitative description of the energy efficiency measures is supposed to give information on whether a bottom-up monitoring method will be used to verify the savings achieved or not. However, for most measures no statement in terms of evaluation is made at all; only in approximately 13% of all cases a bottom-up monitoring of savings is mentioned. (7) Preliminary Assessment (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Criteria Indicator Assessment Status of notificaion Energy Saving Target (TWh) Percent of national energy consumption: (+/- 9%?) - Notified in time - Target complied Intermediate target for Yes Exemplary Role of the Public Sector Provision of information and advice to final customers - Clearly mentioned - Clearly mentioned Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 6

7 (2) Additional information Criteria Indicator Assessment the involvement and targeting of actors Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) - No (The NEEAP states that a dedicated chapter will be added in later versions) the description and design of EEI measures Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD - mentioned - no - yes Design of policy packages - complete packages of measures for all sectors the additionality of measures listed Additionality of measures - yes Claim of early action/early savings - yes the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) - no - yes monitoring and evaluation Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings - no - yes Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 7

8 1.2 Belgium Belgium has submitted four plans to the European Commission: one Federal plan, one for the Brussels region, and one for Wallonia (all in French). The fourth plan on Flanders was published in Flemish. The federal NEEAP contains a broad framework with a few overarching measures, while the regional plans provide detailed data on energy consumption and the measures planned for the individual sectors in the respective regions. In the letter accompanying the Brussels region plan, the notifiying authority states that Belgium is currently preparing a synthesis of all four plans; however, this document was not yet available (as of March 31). In the following, we will be presenting the Wallonian plan together with the Brussels plan, as the capital Brussels is embedded geographically in the Wallonian region. The Flemish plan is dealt with in a separate sub-chapter. If information of the Federal plan was considered important for the overall picture of how Belgium is complying with the requirements of the ESD, this information is mentioned in the Brussels/Wallonia section. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 8

9 1.2.1 Bruxelles and Wallonia (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Status of publication Belgium Plans available in French (Bruxelles-Capitale, Wallonie) Date of publication Bruxelles-Capitale: Dated 30 June 2007 but letter dated 29 October 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption 1 : Intermediated Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Wallonie: 26 June 2007 Bruxelles-Capitale: Bruxelles Environnement IBGE (Division Energy, Air, Climate and Noise) Wallonie: Ministry of Wallonie DG Technologies, Research and Energy Bruxelles-Capitale: GWh Wallonie: GWh The Federal NEEAP s front page states that this NEEAP covers the period, however, there is no quantitative target. There is no information on an intermediate target neither in Bruxelles-Capitale plan nor Wallonie s NEEAP. Bruxelles-Capitale: 2929 GWh (9%) Wallonie: GWh (9%) Number of measures per sectors Additionality/early action Federal Bruxelles Wallonie Households Public service Tertiary 3 Industry Transport Crosssectoral (cross sectoral) 12 (buildings) Federal: 17 early actions (status: implemented) For Bruxelles-Capitale and Wallonie: there is no mention of early actions. The distinction between new measures and existing measures is made: Bruxelles-Capitale: It is not clear from the description of the measures whether they are new or existing measures National energy consumption without energy consumption in ETS installation, non energy uses, renewable energy sources. For electricity, a 2.5 factor is applied (1kWh electricity corresponds to 2.5 kwh primary energy consumption). Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 9

10 Methods of evaluation Resource of data Wallonie: Most measures are existing measures (but it is not specified if existing measures means early actions ). No information Data on energy consumption come from Annual energy balances (annual survey based on declarations from large energy consumers, energy suppliers, transmission system operators, and main Belgian federal authorities). (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved Federal EEAP: The Federal EEAP presents measures that are to be implemented at the federal level: information (information campaigns, labelling) and definition of norms, tax rebates and fiscal incentives, public procurements, and facilitation of investments by third parties. There is no indicative target as total energy consumption and national target are to be calculated in a common document grouping all 4 EEAPs, which is not yet available. Bruxelles-Capitale: This EEAP gives detailed information on the regional energy consumption and the breakdown by sectors. This region is highly dependent on energy imports as it produces very little energy itself. Sectors which contribute most to energy consumption are: Households (38% of primary energy consumption) Tertiary (39%) Transport (19.5%) Industry (3.5%) is marginal. There are very few power generation plants in Bruxelles-Capitale (1 waste incinerator + a few CHP). Therefore, most energy efficiency measures focus on buildings (residential and buildings for the tertiary sector). Policies related to energy efficiency that are mentionned in the EEAP: Plan for the improvement of air quality (13 November 2002) Burden sharing among Belgian federations, Emission Trading, Joint- Implementation Brussels energy policy (July 2004) Wallonie: Sectors with the most important constribution to primary energy consumption are: Transport (37%) Housings (39%) Tertiary (12%) Industries (10%) Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 10

11 Agriculture (1%) is marginal The EEAP of Wallonie excludes measures that are implemented by the Federal government (such as tax rebates) and Renewable Energy sources (as they are not considered as energy efficiency measures) but CHP is included. (3) Energy Savings target Bruxelles-Capitale s and Wallonie s EEAP set a target of 9% of primary energy consumption. There is no indicative target for However, the Federal EEAP covers the period (cf. front page), therefore it is unclear whether the 9% target is a final target or an indicative target for Primary energy consumption is calculated on the basis of total energy consumption excluding consumption of the aviation sector, EU-ETS sectors, and non-energy consumption of fuels. The conversion factor for electricity is 2.5 (default conversion factor as mentioned in the Annex II of the ESD). (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials Final energy consumption relevant for the ESD is based on energy consumption data from annual energy balances (annual survey based on declarations from large energy consumers, energy suppliers, transmission system operators, and main Belgian federal authorities). The base period is 2001 to Energy consumption totals are broken down by sectors for the regions. In Bruxelles-Capitale and Wallonie, the main energy consumers are buidings (housings mainly, tertiary is especially important in Bruxelles-Capital in percentage) and transport. There is no evaluation of savings in the federal, Bruxelles-Capitale s and Wallonie s EEAP. In the federal EEAP, there is an indication although not quantitative of the impact of the measure (low/medium/high impact of the measure and proven/not proven). The number of existing measures is particularly important the Belgian NEEAPs. However, the distinction between early action and newly introduced measures is not always clear. Only the federal plan has 17 measures which are claimed as Early action. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 11

12 (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures The Federal EEAP focuses on measures that are implemented at a federal level. Half of the measures cover at least 2 sectors. Most measures aim at improving energy efficiency of buildings in the residential and tertiary sectors. There are different types of measures: Information (information campaigns, information centres and facilitators, trainings, labelling etc.) Regulation (thermal regulations, norms, etc.) Subsidies and grants (for energy audits, energy efficient equipments etc) for households and private companies (tertiary or industries). There is also a wide range of measures in the transport sector: Promotion of new transwport scheme (transport scheme for companies employees, promotion of bicycle usage ) Subsidies for the purchase of low energy consumption cars Norms in public procurements concerning cars For industry, the measures consist mostly in providing financial support (subsidies, grants) and information on energy efficient equipments and studies (audits, feasibility studies, etc.). (6) Evaluation of Savings There is little information on the evaluation of savings. In the federal EEAP, there is qualitative information on the effectiveness of the measures (low/medium/high impact of the measure, effectiveness proven or not). There is no information on the methods of evaluation. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 12

13 (7) Preliminary Assessment (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Criteria Indicator Federal Wallonie Bruxelles- Capital Status of notification o Notified with delay (after 30/06/07) o Notified in time o Notified with delay (after 30/06/07) 2 Percent of Energy Saving Target (TWh) national energy consumption (+/- 9%?) Intermediate o --- target for 2010 o --- o Target complied o no o Target complied o no Exemplary Role of the Public Sector o Clearly mentioned o Clearly mentioned o Clearly mentioned Provision of information and advice to final customers o Yes o Yes o Yes 2 Bruxelles-Capitales EEAP is dated 30 June 2007 but refers to a law published in July 2007 and the front letter is dated october Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 13

14 (2) Additional information Criteria Indicator Federal Wallonie Bruxelles- Capitale the involvement and targeting of actors the description and design of EEI measures the additionality of measures listed the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) monitoring and evaluation Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD Design of policy packages Additionality of measures Claim of early action/early savings Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings o Not mentioned o Not mentioned o o Yes Yes o complete packages of measures for several or single sectors o Clearly mentioned o o o Mentioned Yes Yes o complete packages of measures for several or single sectors o Not mentioned o o o Mentioned Yes Yes o complete packages of measures for several or single sectors o Not transparent o Not transparent o Not transparent o o yes n.a. o Not transparent o Yes o Not transparent o Yes o No o No o No o Yes o Yes o Yes o no o no o no Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 14

15 1.2.2 Flanders (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Flanders Date of publication 24 July 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediated Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Flemish Energy Agency 188,429 GWh period ,653 GWh final energy use 16,959 GWh final energy use (9%) 13 policy measures in various sector, 4 policy measures in public sector Additionality/early action Most policy measures were implemented before Methods of evaluation Bottom-up for various measures. They await the finalisation of bottom-up methods under article 14 of the directive Resource of data No top down method available, they will apply top down method that will be supplied by EC VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) of Flanders was published under the auspices of the Flemish Energy Agency in July The NEEAP does not hold explicit reference to the institutional context and stakeholder involvement in Belgium. (3) Energy Saving target The Belgium NEEAP commits to reach an intermediate energy saving target for 2010 about GWh (3% of the annual average energy consumption of GWh). The final saving target for 2016 is about PJ (9% of annual average consumption). 3 (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials The basic data source to determine the final energy consumption of all end users was the Flemish regional energy balances for the period The 3 conversion factor 1 for electrical energy Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 15

16 energy savings (energy efficiency) was calculated as a linear improvement over the nine year period resulting in an annual efficiency improvement of 1%. Horizontal measures Measures in the agricultural sector Measures in the transport sector Measures in the industrial sector Measures in the service sector Measures in residential sector Annual saving GWh Figure: Distribution of expected energy saving among the different sectors. Please note that the total expected saving for the different sectors exceeds the targets set for 2010 and (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures The NEEAP includes 12 energy efficiency measures and instruments in the residential, service, agriculture, industry and transport sector as well as 1 crosssectoral measure. The NEEAP does not include information on the overall strategy of Flanders towards energy efficiency improvement or on achievement of climate change targets. For the non-transport sector the REG obligation is the most important instrument in place. REG (Rationeel Energie Gebruik in Flemish, Rational Energy Use) is a Flemish law demanding rational energy use from different user groups: in order to encourage the efficient use of electricity in a liberalised market, the Flemish region of the Kingdom of Belgium imposes rational use of energy public service obligations on its electricity distribution grid operators and electricity suppliers. As of January 1st, 2003 in the calendar year every (electricity distribution) grid manager has to realize an annual primary energy saving whose amount corresponds to a given fraction of the energy supplied during the year n-2 and varies with the type of end users served. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 16

17 The most significant programmes and instruments for improving energy efficiency are: Residential sector 1. Imposing energy performance requirements toward apartments and residential buildings. Requirement only affects new buildings or buildings which undergo substantial refurbishment. Energy savings effects for existing buildings overlap with measure #2 and are therefore not taken into account with this measure. 2. Imposing obligations on electricity distribution companies (REG obligation, see above) with respect to achievement of energy savings with residential clients. Electricity companies are obliged to save a certain amount of energy with their residential client. 35% of energy use of the household sector is affected by this measure. Measures among other include soft loans and communication campaigns. Service sector 3. Imposing energy performance requirements towards service buildings. Requirement only affects 15% of the energy use in the service sector. Applies to new buildings or building which undergo substantial refurbishment. 4. Imposing obligations on electricity distribution companies (REG obligation) with respect to achievement of energy savings with nonresidential clients. Electricity companies are obliged to save a certain amount of energy with their non-residential client. Apart from the obligation to save electricity, the electricity distribution companies also have an obligation to (1) offer energy accounting to schools and welfare and health organisations, and (2) to support local authorities in designing and executing energy policies. 5. Subsidies for energy saving projects with welfare and health organisations. These organisations consume approximately 2% of energy in the service sector. Policy measure 3, 4 and 5 partly overlap. In the impact assessment, these measures were considered as a package, and total impact of these 3 measures was provided. 6. Accelerated investments in new school infrastructure through alternative financing. These organisations consume approximately 1% of energy in Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 17

18 the service sector. A private investor will be selected that will take invest in energy saving projects in schools and in return will receive a subsidy from the government. 7. Subsidies for energy savings in existing school buildings. Existing schools will receive subsidies through the REG obligations programme. Industry sector 8. Audit covenant. The covenant covers industrial companies with an energy use between 0.1 and 0.5 PJ per year. Companies joining the covenant agree to perform an energy audit and implement measures with an IRR > 15%. 9. Imposing obligations on electricity distribution companies with respect to achievement of energy savings with non-residential clients. Agriculture sector 10. Subsidies for energy savings in the agricultural and horticulture sector. The Flemish Agricultural Investment fund (VFIL) provides subsidies, up to 40% of total investment, for energy savings measures in this sector. Transport sector 11. Measures to control mobility demand or achieve a shift towards other transport modes. This includes a whole package of measures among for others upgrading of public transport, stimulate cycling, support carpooling, transport management projects, support car sharing initiatives. For freight transport, among others: improve efficiency of freight transport with ships and rail. 12. Expansion towards more environmental friendly car fleet through adaptation of tax measures. The measure is aimed at influencing purchase behaviour of car owners by providing tax benefits to more energy efficient cars. Horizontal measures 13. Stimulating CHP through CHP certificates. This includes a CHP obligation for energy suppliers to provide CHP certificates equalling 1.19% of their total electricity supplied in 2006 up tot 5.23% in Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 18

19 (6) Evaluation of Savings The NEEAP states that Flanders will apply bottom-up for various measures but that they will await finalisation of bottom-up methods under article 14 of the directive. Flanders has no top down method available, they will apply top down method that will be supplied by EC. The REG obligation already provides a substantial amount of bottom-up information on a large number of measures. In the description of the various policy measures it wasn t made clear how the other measures would be monitored. (7) Preliminary Assessment (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Criteria Indicator Assessment Status of notification - Notified with delay (after 30/06/07) Energy Saving Target (TWh) Percent of national energy consumption (+/- 9%?) - Target complied Intermediate target for yes Exemplary Role of the Public Sector Provision of information and advice to final customers - Clearly mentioned - Just mentioned Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 19

20 (2) Additional information the involvement and targeting of actors the description and design of EEI measures Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD Design of policy packages - clearly mentioned - not mentioned - not mentioned - yes - complete packages of measures for several or single sectors the additionality of measures listed Additionality of measures - not transparent Claim of early action/early savings - not transparent the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) monitoring and evaluation Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings - yes - no - yes - yes Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 20

21 1.3 Bulgaria (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Bulgaria Date of publication October 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediated Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Additionality/early action Methods of evaluation Resource of data Ministry of economy and energy 6 968ktoe ( GWh) ktoe ktoe 9 % / 627 ktoe ( GWh) 5 sectors with 42 general (main) measures During the last few year several different measures for energy efficiency improvement have been implemented but the result (effect) of those measures implementation could not be assess properly because of lack of methodology and statistic data. Bottom - up evaluation and monitoring Ministry of economy and energy (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) of the Republic of Bulgaria was submitted by Ministry of economy and energy (MEE) and adopted and published by Council of Ministry in October The main responsibilities for the implementation process are within MEE, but further actors and stakeholders are involved, such as Energy Efficiency Agency, Ministry of urban development, Ministry of social affair and labour, Ministry of transport, Ministry of finance, State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission, Executive Agency for small and middle enterprises and Centre for Energy Efficiency in the Industry. (3) Energy Saving target The Bulgarian NEEAP commits to reach an intermediate energy saving target for 2010 about 209ktoe (3% of the annual average energy consumption for the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 21

22 period of 6 968ktoe). The final saving target for 2016 is about 627ktoe (9% of baseline 4 consumption). 5 (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials The data used for the final inland energy consumption, as well as the data on the energy consumption by sectors and types of fuels and energy have been provided by the National Statistical Institute (NSI), which is the national statistical agency. The energy balances prepared by the National Statistical Institute are based on the annual material balances of final energy consumers converted in the Institute by means of standardised conversion factors. The same material balances are also provided to EUROSTAT. In line with the requirements of the Directive, from the total final inland energy consumption average in the period is deducted the consumption of installations, final energy consumers, which fall within the scope of the Emissions Trading Directive. Since the Directive does not cover the air and water transport sector, the consumption of paraffin in the transport sector has also been excluded from the final inland energy consumption. Shares of the sectors in FIEC in EE and ES Directive scope 33% 4% 29% 23% 11% Residential Service Industry Transport Agriculture Fig.: Structure of the final inland energy consumption in scope of the Directive (sectoral allocation) 4 Baseline consumption The annual average energy consumption for the period for the 5 observed sectors without air transport and EUETS consumption. conversion factor 1 for electrical energy Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 22

23 (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures The NEEAP includes a large and differentiated spectrum of energy efficiency measures and instruments in the private households, public service, private service, production sector and agriculture, transport sector and as well crosssectoral and general measures. The programmes and instruments for improving energy efficiency are: Energy efficiency measures and instruments in the residential sector National Renovation Programme for Residential Buildings in the Republic of Bulgaria - priority retrofitting of large-panel and other multi-family residential buildings. Mandatory Measures for Efficient Illumination Mandatory Labeling of Domestic Appliances Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Appliances Individual Metering (residential buildings) Mandatory Insulation of Pipes for Transmission and Distribution of Heat Residential Sector EE Fund Residential Energy Efficiency Credit Line (REECL). Standard for the Energy Performance of Buildings Control Systems of Heating Systems Minimum Efficiency Standards for Boilers Energy efficiency measures and instruments in the tertiary sector Energy Efficiency Act Mandatory certificates for sites, public or municipal property, in operation, with a total useful area of over 1000 sq. m; Mandatory energy efficiency improvement programmes for the municipalities Annual National EEI Target Programme for the Housing Stock Energy Efficiency District Councils - The Energy Efficiency District Councils have been set up by orders of the District Governors in the 28 districts in Bulgaria. Mandatory Municipalities EEI Programmes Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 23

24 Mandatory Energy Auditing of Buildings with over 1000 m2 (municipal or public property) Financing Strategy for Building Insulation Energy efficiency measures and instruments in the industry sector Mandatory energy audits of industrial companies, producers of goods and services, the facilities of which have annual energy consumption of or more than 3 000MWh Bulgarian Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Credit Line (BEERECL) for the industry sector Encouraging the implementation of energy saving and environment friendly technologies and RES Long-term energy savings agreements Energy efficiency measures and instruments in the transport sector programme for the energy efficiency improvement of the transport sector through the implementation of energy saving measures Mandatory speed limit Taxes on fuel oils for the transport sector. Mandatory periodical MOT tests. Energy efficiency measures and instruments in the agriculture sector National Rural Development Plan Diversification into nonagricultural activities Horizontal and cross-sectoral measures Energy Efficiency Act: promulgated, SG No. 18 of 5 March 2004, effective as from 5 March 2004, amended and supplemented, SG No. 74 of 8 September Energy Act: promulgated, SG No. 107 of 9 December 2003, last amended, SG No. 74 of 8 September National Long-term EEI Programme, : CM Decision of July Ten-year EE strategy. National Short-term EEI Programme, Three-year action plan: CM Decision of December Regulation on the essential requirements and conformity assessment of ballasts for fluorescent lamps in respect of energy efficiency Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 24

25 requirements issued on the basis of the Technical Requirements to Products Act. Regulation No. 7 on heat saving and economy of energy in buildings issued of the basis of the Town and Country Planning Act. (6) Evaluation of Savings Assessment of total ESD energy savings in the sector expected for the period and for the intermediate period Sectors bottom-up assessment The assessment of the energy savings in the sector under the bottom-up calculation method will be made on the basis of the standardised methods provided by the European Commission. Top-down monitoring and methodology No top-down monitoring within the first three years is envisaged. Sectors top-down assessment The assessment of the energy savings in the sector under the top-down calculation method will be made on the basis of the official statistical data from the national energy balance for Top-down monitoring and methodology Top-down monitoring within the first three years will be exercised every year on the basis of data from the national energy balances. (7) Preliminary Assessment At present, there are a significant number of legal documents in the country implementing energy efficiency regulations. It is difficult to assess their effects for lack of available methods and statistical information. In addition, for the greatest part, these are measures that have been implemented in all EU Member States and their assessment will be made after the development and provision of the respective standardised methods. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 25

26 (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Status of notification Energy Saving Target (TWh) Exemplary Role of the Public Sector Provision of information and advice to final customers Percent of national energy consumption (+/- 9%?) - notified - Target complied Intermediate target for yes - Just mentioned - Clearly mentioned (2) Additional information Criteria Indicator Assessment the involvement and targeting of actors the description and design of EEI measures Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD Design of policy packages - not mentioned - not mentioned - no - yes - complete packages of measures for several or single sectors the additionality of measures listed the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) Additionality of measures - yes Claim of early action/early savings - no Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy - no Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) - no monitoring and evaluation Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings - no - yes Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 26

27 1.4 Cyprus (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Status of publication Republic of Cyprus Plan (Greek and English) Date of publication 28 June 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediated Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Additionality/early action Methods of evaluation Resource of data Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism; Cyprus Institute of Energy 1,842,730 toe 60,000 toe 185,000 toe (10%) 7 in residential, 9 in tertiary, 4 in industry, 2 in transport, 2 horizontal and cross-cutting, 3 in public sector there are additional measures, however, most are either mandatory or already implemented no information no information (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The Energy Efficiency Action Plan (EEAP) of the Republic of Cyprus was released by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism. Next to this Ministry also the Cyprus Institute of Energy is involved in the implementation of the EEAP. The Cyprus Institute of Energy is an NGO that promotes and supports the application of energy savings and the use of renewable energy and offers technical assistance. (3) Energy Saving target Cyprus has adopted an energy savings target of 10% of average final consumption by 2016, corresponding to 185,000 toe. The intermediate target for 2010 is 60,000 toe. (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials No concrete data on calculation of potentials is given in the EEAP, partly due to a lack of data, especially in regard to energy consumption in buildings. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 27

28 It is stated, that studies and energy inspections carried out so far have shown substantial potential for energy savings in the building and transport sectors. It is also stated, that obviously, Cyprus can by far exceed the intermediate and final targets. (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures Priorities of measures are targeted on buildings and the transport sector, followed by industry. Measures in the buildings sector mainly include the implementation of the EU Directive on energy performance of buildings. This will be a completely new measure for Cyprus and as it is stated in the EEAP, estimates show that the implementation of this Directive alone would lead to reaching the energy savings target. An additional measure in the buildings sector is a governmental multi-annual financial support scheme for investments in energy efficiency in existing buildings in the residential and tertiary sector. For reducing electricity consumption, the government will distribute at least 1.5 Mio. economy fluorescent lamps to the residential and tertiary sector. The main measure targeting the industry sector consists of a grants scheme for energy savings and to encourage the use of renewable energy sources. In the transport sector, current measures include a provision of grants for the purchase of hybrid, electric etc. vehicles. A new taxation policy for cars that provides low tax rates for small, efficient vehicles with low emissions will contribute to a reduction of energy consumption. Additionally, it is planned to upgrade the public transportation system, especially in the capital Nicosia. Measures of the EEAP also target the public sector in the form of a green public procurement scheme and of education for civil servants to reduce energy at the workplace. (6) Evaluation of Savings No information on how energy savings will be evaluated is given. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 28

29 (7) Preliminary Assessment (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Criteria Indicator Assessment Status of notification Energy Saving Target (TWh) Exemplary Role of the Public Sector Provision of information and advice to final customers - Notified in time Percent of national energy consumption (+/- 9%?) - Target exceeded Intermediate target for yes - Just mentioned - Clearly mentioned Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 29

30 (2) Additional information Criteria Indicator Assessment the involvement and targeting of actors the description and design of EEI measures Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD Design of policy packages - not mentioned - not mentioned - yes - yes - complete packages of measures for several or single sectors the additionality of measures listed Additionality of measures - yes Claim of early action/early savings - no the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) monitoring and evaluation Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings - yes - no - yes - no Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 30

31 1.5 Czech Republic (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Status of publication Date of publication Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediated Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Additionality/early action Methods of evaluation Resource of data Czech Republic Plan (Czech and English) Not available Ministry of Industry and Trade 220,462 GWh 3,573 GWh 19,842 GWh (9%) 22 measures in total 15 measures already in place, 8 in preparation Monitoring of end consumption of fuels through bottomup and top-down approaches Consumer statements, Eurostat, Czech Statistical Office (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The Energy Efficiency Action Plan (EEAP) of the Czech Republic was released by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Involved in the implementation process of energy saving measures as declared by the EEAP are also other ministries, namely the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry for Regional Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. Regarding one measure, utilities are involved. (3) Energy Saving target As required by the EU Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services, the Czech Republic set up a target of 9% energy savings until the end of 2016, corresponding to a level of 19,842 GWh. The intermediary target for 2010 is designated at the level of 3,573 GWh, corresponding to 1.6% of the relevant volume of average energy consumption. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 31

32 The allocation of energy savings to the individual sectors is as follows: Annual volume of energy saving Cumulatively in 2010 Cumulatively in 2016 Proportion of total savings [GWh] [GWh] [%] Household 914 6, % sector Tertiary sector 865 3, % Industrial sector 880 4, % Transport sector 558 4, % Agricultural 158 1, % sector Overall attainable energy savings 3,573 19,842 - (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials The calculation of energy saving potentials in respective sectors is given by a study that was prepared for the Ministry of Industry and Trade in the first half of Details about this study (authors etc.) are not given. Potentials derived by this study are not given by sector, but according to fuel types: Development of end consumption according to fuels Without With Savings [GWh] measures [GWh] [GWh] Solid fuels 39,736 36,947 2,789 Liquid fuels 140, ,205 5,572 Gas fuels 56,050 51,074 4,976 Heat energy 12,820 9,969 2,851 Electrical energy 39,784 36,130 3,654 Total consumption according to fuels 289, ,325 19,842 (5) Approaches and facilitating Measures The measures supporting to reach the target of the NEEAP are divided into measures leading to direct attainment of energy savings and indirect measures creating conditions and motivation for energy saving. Direct measures contain 8 measures, where two are duties given by legislation and 6 Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 32

33 are support measures. All of these 8 measures are already in place, with 2 under ongoing amendments. Indirect measures include 8 duties given by legislation (2 in place, 6 under preparation), 6 support measures (5 in place, 2 under ongoing amendments and 2 in preparation) and 2 measures given by natural development. Duties given by legislation contain the Czech Energy Management Act that implements the EU Directive on the energy performance of buildings, the EU Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services, and the EU Directive on energy labelling of Electric Water Heater and water storage devices. Support measures are given in the form of state programmes including financial/investment support for building refurbishment, modernisation of equipment and infrastructure in rail transport, local utilisation of renewable sources for heat generation, or education about energy savings. As natural development support for energy savings the replacement of equipment, energy appliances and vehicles, as well as the growth in energy prices is stated. Additionally, the effectiveness of measures in sectors is shown. (6) Evaluation of Savings Regarding the monitoring of energy savings it is stated, that it will be done by monitoring the end consumption of fuels in compliance with Annex IV of the Directive. A combination of a bottom-up approach (basic data gaining through collection of information from end fuel consumers) and a top-down approach (energy statistics) will be used. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 33

34 (7) Preliminary Assessment (1) Formal requirements of NEEAPs Criteria Indicator Assessment Status of notification Energy Saving Target (TWh) Exemplary Role of the Public Sector Provision of information and advice to final customers Percent of national energy consumption (+/- 9%?) - Notified - Target complied Intermediate target for yes - not mentioned - clearly mentioned Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 34

35 (2) Additional information Criteria Indicator Assessment the involvement and targeting of actors Emphasis of involvement of ESCOs (energy distributers, distributions system operators, retail energy sales companies) - clearly mentioned the description and design of EEI measures the additionality of measures listed Assigned role of energy services (acc. ESD) financing measures (funds, rebate programmes, loan schemes etc.) Sectoral differentiation of measures according to ESD - not mentioned - yes - yes Design of policy packages - (a few suppl. Measures) Additionality of measures - yes Claim of early action/early savings - no the calculation of energy savings (and emissions reductions) monitoring and evaluation Specification of conversion factors for electricity, primary energy Calculation of GHG-emissions (incl. conversion factor) Existence of ex ante estimates through sectors (impacts of measures) Information given on evaluation and methodologies to measure savings - no - no - yes - yes Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 35

36 1.6 Denmark (1) NEEAP in brief NEEAP Status of publication Denmark Action plan for renewed energy-consumption, (plan in Danish and unofficial translation in English): earlier paper, which was adjusted by a memo Date of publication Action plan: September 2005, Memo: 29 th June 2007 Institution in charge Annual average consumption Intermediate Energy Saving Target 2010 Final Energy Saving Target 2016 Measures/Sectors Additionality/early action Ministry of Transport and Energy, Danish Energy Authority PJ (Final energy consumption in 2003) There is no intermediate target given. The target year of the Danish Action plan for renewed energy-consumption is 2013, with an annual saving target of 1.40 percent (9.6 PJ) of total final energy consumption ( ). Measures are presented for each sector, excluding transport. Early Actions are not included Methods of evaluation No specific information about methods is given; for 2008 a comprehensive evaluation of initiatives and results achieved will be carried out. Resource of data Background report in Danish by the Danish Energy Authority ( rivning_energiforbruget_erhverv_husholdninger.pdf) (2) Institutional context and stakeholders involved The Action plan for renewed energy-conservation Energy conservation and the market was published in September 2005 by the Danish Ministry of Transport and Energy. At 29 th June 2007 the memo Intensified Energy Saving Measures referring to the Action plan 2005 was submitted by the Danish Energy Authority, Ministry of Transport and Energy to the European Commission. In its accompanying letter to the EU Commission, the Danish Energy Authority states that Denmark has improved its energy efficiency considerably over the last 25 years and that it is their impression that with the Danish Action plan of 2005 the requirements of the EU directive are fulfilled. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 36

37 For August 2007 an amendment on the basis of the template for NEEAPs was announced; this amendment is not available online so far. Apart from the Danish Energy Authority, the National Agency for Enterprise and Construction, grid and distribution companies (for electricity, gas and heating), local energy conversation committees, etc. are involved in the implementation of the plan. A co-ordination committee is set up to ensure cost-effectiveness of the conservation efforts, including improved joint prioritisation and increased cooperation and co-ordination among all stakeholders. (3) Energy saving target The Danish Action plan for renewed energy-conservation states the objectives for energy-conservation efforts as: - Reduction of total energy consumption (excluding transport) - Energy savings corresponding to an average of 7.5 PJ annually during the period No target for 2016 is calculated, the Danish Action plan sets a framework for the period of 2006 to 2013 and has a target of total energy consumption of 430 PJ in 2013 (excluding transport). This corresponds to a savings objective of 7.5 PJ annually in the period of 2006 to 2013; this target will be increased to 9.6 PJ in the period of , i.e. an average increase of 2.1 PJ. By adding the respective annual targets (2006, 2007: 1.15% annually, : 1.40% annually), the final energy savings target for 2013 would be 10.7%. It is clearly stated, that the saving target of 1.15% annually does not include any effect of early actions. The national final target (10.7% in 2013) is higher than the ESD target (9% in 2016), as well as the average annual targets (national: 1.15% and 1.40%; ESD: 1%). No intermediate target for 2010 is set. (4) Available Data and Calculation of Potentials In connection with the action plan, the Danish Energy Authority has drawn up a technical background report that describes in detail the background, preconditions and framework for future conservation efforts. The report can be found - in Danish - on the Danish Energy Authority s website, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 37

38 A diagram of historic development in final energy consumption has been published in the Action plan. That diagram indicates that the energy intensity already fell on average by 1.9% annually since A reference development in various sectors (excluding transport) shows that without new initiatives the energy consumption will increase on average by more than 1 percent annually in 2003 to 2010 and by about 0.5 percent annually up to The cost-effective savings potential with available technology is estimated to be at least 10 percent, with improvements in technology and processes to be up to 25 percent over the next decades. The following table shows the potential for energy savings in various areas, not including growth in energy-service level. End use Final energy consumption Socio-economic potential up to 2015 Private-economy potential (%) 2003 (PJ) % PJ Currently Up to 2015 Space heating % % 47% Industrial processes % % 27% Lighting % % 60% Cooling / freezing % % 35% Electric motors % % 30% Ventilation % % 38% Pumping % % 42% Other % % 33% Total % % 42% According to the Danish Action Plan, estimated energy savings would lead to a CO 2 reduction (excluding EU-ETS sectors) of 120,000 tonnes as annual Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Energy, Environment and Ecofys Europe 38