United Republic of Tanzania

Transcription

1 United Republic of Tanzania Addressing Climate Change in Africa The Need for Increased Collaboration and an Enhanced Role of Education, Science and Technology Paper Presented at the UNESCO Africa Week, Paris. 23 May, May 2012 Mr. Richard Muyungi, Vice President s Office UNFCCC SBSTA Chair

2 Outline Introduction Climate change science Education on climate change Technology Increased collaboration Conclusions

3 Introduction: Africa; A promising continent Africa has the source of many drivers of economic growth: Abundant natural resources, a large land mass, and a growing youthful population which means an increase in labor force and consumption market. Thus, World Bank forecast: growth rate of GDP of sub-saharan Africa to be 5.3 percent for 2012 and 5.6 percent for 2013, higher than the 4.9 percent for The IMF put its estimated growth rate for the region at 5.5 percent for IMF Report: In the last decade, six out of 10 fastest growing economies were from Africa; the number is 23 expected May 2012 to rise to 7 in d Muyungi the three years to 2015

4 However, a continent faced with Real Climate Change Challenges Particularly Extreme weather events and sea level rise. Call for increased collaboration amongst nations and states and enhanced role of education, science and technology development and sharing to be able to adapt but also to take up opportunity arising from global mitigation under UNFCCC

5 Introduction African countries are among the most vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change Least to tap on opportunities arising from Climate Change mitigation

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7 Climate Change Science: Emission are seriously impacting the continent 1. Water 2. Agriculture 3. Ecosystems 4. Health Source: IPCC

8 On Water Climate change will aggravate water stress across the African continent About 25% of Africa s population (about 200 million people) currently experience high water stress.

9 On Agriculture Agricultural production and food security are likely to be severely compromised by climate change and climate variability Projected reductions in yield in some countries could be as much as 50% by 2020, and crop net revenues could fall by as much as 90% by 2100.

10 On Culture and Ecosystems Changes in a variety of ecosystems are already being detected, particularly in southern African ecosystems, at a faster rate than anticipated It is estimated that, by the 2080s, the proportion of arid and semi-arid lands in Africa is likely to increase by 5-8% and between 25 and 40% of mammal species in national parks in sub-saharan Africa ill b d d

11 On Health and Education Human health, already compromised by a range of factors, could be further negatively impacted by climate change and climate variability, e.g., malaria in southern Africa and the East African highlands. Highly impacting education

12 Some Efforts: Understanding our vulnerability. Tanzania case study Average temp

13 At least there has been an average increase of about 0.2 degrees Celsius over the last 30years Average temp

14 Some Efforts: Education on Climate Change Climate change issues are increasingly included in primary, secondary and higher education across Africa Informal education by non-governmental and community-based organizations plays an important role

15 Education on Climate Change Importance of teaching science, social aspects, culture, ethics and skills that prepare to adapt to climate change Promote behavioural change in support of a sustainable economic development, including embarking on a low-carbon development path

16 Example: Climate Change Education in Tanzania Efforts to formalize and incorporate climate change in the national curricula at all educational levels, consistent with EMA, 2005 Trainings and educational tools for teachers Informal education through nongovernmental and communitybased organizations

17 Technology needs in Africa Renewable energy technologies Forestry Waste and water management Agriculture, improved productivity

18 Technology needs identified by African countries Forestry Water and land management Crop management RET Fossil energy supply CHP (cogeneration) Miscellaneous Nuclear power plant Energy-efficient appliances Miscellaneous DSM Green buildings - materials & design District heating Miscellaneous Waste management Fuel switching Industrial energy-efficiency Cement production Other High-efficiency motors Mining Furnaces Boilers Steel industry Miscellaneous industries Aluminium industry Bread-making industry Facilities Management & policy improvements Vehicles Public transport Per cent of Parties Freight Energy % of Parties Industry % Transport % Agriculture & forestry - 100% Generation % Transmission - 69% Waste management % Source: UNFCCC

19 Examples of the education, training and awarenessraising collaborative actions reported by Nairobi work programme partner organizations in Africa A. Enhancing the assessment and understanding of impacts and vulnerability to climate change A.2 Promoting the understanding and awareness of impacts and vulnerability to climate change Unlocking Africa s climate science: Understanding the findings of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IP CC AR4) Sahara and Sahel Observatory (Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel) (OSS ) B. Improving the ability to make informed decisions on adaptation planning, measures and actions B.1 Promoting the development, dissemination and application of methods and tools African regional training of trainers course on ecosystema nd community-based adaptation Wetlands International B.2 Facilitating communication, dialogue and cooperation among different stakeholders Raising awareness in Africa through a regional policy brief entitled Making African Forests Fit for Climate Change International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IU FRO ) B.3 Enhancing adaptive capacity through technical and institutional capacity-building African Climate Change Fellowship Program. START Currently, 45 fellows from 18 African countries are working on various projects supported by the fellowship programme

20 Conclusion: Increased collaboration in Science and Technology Through Climate Technology Centers and Networks provides unique opportunity for Africa Cooperation with climate service providers and systematic observation systems for better early warning.

21 Conclusions: Enhanced Education and technology development and transfer Ensure inclusion of climate change issues in curricula at all educational levels and support informal education activities by non-governmental and community-based organizations Cooperation in Technological areas with adaptation and mitigation benefits e.g clean coal production and use; renewable, improving productivity, efficiency and sustainability. Promoting transfer of technology to enable adaptation and Nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) with co benefits Collaborate with regional bodies, civil society and the private sector Education ant technology be linked to early warning and systematic observation.

22 More important: Enhance existing collaboration on the role of Education, Science and Technology in Africa amidst the changing climate UNESCO UNFCCC AFRICA UNESCO developed a grassroots observatory of climate change impacts using indigenous Knowledge. The assessment process for many NAPAs in Africa was based on local knowledge and traditional coping strategies as well as scientific assessment and research to identify priority adaptation projects. This will remain important in the preparation of NAPs of African Countries

23 Thank you for your attention! 23 May 2012 Mr. Richard Muyungi