India: Sustainable Urban Transport Program

Transcription

1 India: Sustainable Urban Transport Program Proposed GEF Project Ke Fang South Asia Transport Unit Washington, March, 2007

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5 Background - Not much difference btw China and India Per Capita Income in constant 1996 US dollars (PPP) 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Per Capita Income Trends CHINA INDIA Passenger Cars per 1000 Populations China India Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China, Year Book of China 2003; Indian Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (2004); OECD; Per Capita Incomes are expressed here in constant, inflation-adjusted 1996 US dollars, using purchasing power parity for currency conversion 4

6 Local Level Concerns Severely hampered mobility - impacting social and economic activities Increased air pollution - impacting health and quality of life Increased accidents - impacting safety of people Source: OP Agarwal The poor are the worst affected 5

7 National Level Concerns Increased congestion and air pollution in city centers - impacting national economic growth and in turn poverty alleviation Increased use of nonrenewable resources - impacting national energy security Increased central funding requested for UT - impacting national governments budget planning and allocations Energy (PJ) INDIA - Urban BAU Energy Dem and in Transport by Type of Fuel Gasoline Diesel CNG Electricity Year Source: Shyam Menon, India Transport - Energy and Emissions Scenarios, Jan

8 Global Level Concerns Increased GHG emissions - impacting global efforts to address climate change Increased consumption of fossil fuels - impacting price at world oil market CO2 ( M ILLION KG) 300, , , , ,000 CO2 emissions from urban transport ( ) 50, Source: Shyam Menon, India Transport - Energy and Emissions Scenarios, Jan

9 More Worrisome Trends Declining reliance on public transport Declining importance of nonmotorized transport modes Increasing dependency on personal vehicles (cars and 2- wheelers) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Urban Model Split (pass-km) - BAU NMT Public Transport Taxis Personal Vehicles Source: Shyam Menon, India Transport - Energy and Emissions Scenarios,

10 Key Issues (1) Lack of adequate and efficient infrastructure and services, especially public transport Source: John Pucher, Urban Transport in India and China,

11 Key Issues (2) Highly fragmented decision making structure without effective coordination MoFinance Planning Commission MoTransport Dept. of Finance MoUrban MoRailways Dept. of Planning Dept. of Urban Dept. of Home Dept. of Public Works Dept. of Transport Dept of Revenue Dept of Environment Metropolitan Devt Authority Urban Devt Authority Municipal Corporation Municipal Council Urban Local Body 10

12 Key Issues (3) Fundamental flaws in the UT planning process Single-mode planning, focused on road vehicle capacity, physical condition, engineering design, No or very little PT and NMT planning Not comprehensive, separate from land use and development planning, considered only as a engineering design or a secondary land use planning issue, not an integral part and important land development tool. System-level planning missing; project-orientation, ad-hoc, and piece-meal approaches Alternatives analyses not done Little consideration of social/environment/financial factors Weak technical and institutional capacity for UT planning at all levels of government 11

13 Government New Initiatives National Urban Renewal Mission (NURM, Nov 2005) National government will finance up to 50% of capital costs for urban infrastructure (including UT) in 63 major cities conditioned upon commitment to basic urban reforms National Urban Transport Policy (April 2006) Develop safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable, and sustainable UT systems through integrated planning, PT and NMT, cleaner technologies, regulatory for PT operations, and effective coordination, etc. However, implementation gap is still there! 12

14 Objective of the Proposed GEF Project To reduce GHG emissions in India s urban transport sector and support implementation of the National Urban Transport Policy through improving the planning, design, finance and implementation of more energy efficient, environmentally-friendly urban transport investments. GEF grant requested: US$ 25 million ( ), US$ 25 million ( ) US$ 1.2 billion co-financing 13

15 Approaches (1) Build up a strong partnership between national government and local governments Green House Gas Effect Energy Security / Fuel Prices GLOBAL Development Planning Economic Growth Work together to find right solutions Traffic Accidents Auto Pollution NATIONAL LOCAL Traffic Congestion 14

16 Approaches (2) Introduce a collaborative planning process among stakeholders - Broaden participation, involving non-traditional stakeholders, such as PT operators, PT users, land developers, etc Articulate basic national goals through a transparent and thorough evaluation process for allocating national funding, i.e., NURM grants, for urban transport Provide flexibility to local decision-making for planning and implementation to ensure local interests are also met Strengthen information disclosure, monitoring, and evaluation 15

17 Approaches (3) Develop urban transport planning capacity 1. An integrated UT Planning System National Goals 2. A thorough UT planning cycle City Development Visions Metropolitan-wide & Multi-modal Strategic Planning Alternative Analysis Investment Programming Urban Transport Planning Cycle Project Design Implementation 3. A Uniformed Metropolitan Transport Authority 16

18 Project Components (1) Preparation and implementation of national capacity building initiatives Develop technical guidance for urban transport planning Develop criteria for appraisal, approval, monitoring, and evaluation of investments using national funding Support institutional development Develop a national urban transport program which will mainstream national funding for UT investments, R&D, and capacity building 17

19 Project Components (2) Preparation and implementation of demonstration projects in selected cities Provide urban transport training for state and city level officials, planners and operators. Help cities go through a sound urban transport planning process Help cities improve plans and designs for demonstration projects Support implementation of demonstration projects 18

20 Process for Preparation & Implementation National level State/City level Assess UT planning capacity Study international practices Fine-tune project concept Develop guidelines/tors Strengthen R&D Capacity Consultation among Stakeholders Identify problems/objective Sign project agreements Select concept proposals Go through UT planning cycle Develop detailed proposals Improve Institutional /funding arrangements Implement demonstration projects Develop a National UT Partnership 19

21 Challenges ahead Strengthening the ability of agencies at all levels of Government to prepare and implement the program in a timely fashion Meeting GEF requirements, in addition to Bank requirements Coordination with UN agencies Leveraging demonstration projects 20