Groundwater in America: 2015 & Tomorrow

Transcription

1 Groundwater in America: 2015 & Tomorrow Kevin McCray, CEO Copyright 2015, National Ground Water Association, Westerville, Ohio

2 Source: US Geological Survey s Estimated Use of Water: 2010

3 0.42% decline between 2005 and 2010

4 Estimates of the economic value of water are relatively few in number and vary greatly both within and across economic sectors. They range from: Public supply and domestic self-supply up to $4,500 per acre-foot Agriculture $12 to $4,500 per acre-foot Manufacturing $14 to $1,600 per acre-foot Electric power generation $12 to $87 per acre-foot for cooling water at thermoelectric power plants, and $1 to $157 per acre-foot for hydropower Mining and energy resource extraction $40 to $2,700 per acre-foot Source: U.S. EPA. The Importance of Water to the U.S. Economy, November 2013, pp

5 49.5 bgd largest withdrawal sector 65.1% of total groundwater extraction 38.4% of total irrigation water use 476,000 irrigation wells serving 121,000 farms

6 # of wells 374, , , ,796 Avg. well depth Avg. depth to groundwater Avg. pump capacity Acres irrigated by groundwater BGD withdrawn for irrigation gpm 819 gpm 779 gpm 722 gpm 32,222,665 32,342,820 26,855,810 27,182, BGD (1995) BGD (2000) 53.5 BGD (2005) 49.5 BGB (2010) Source: US Dept. of Agriculture and US Census Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey

7 7.5% decline between 2005 and 2010

8 Source: US Dept. of Agriculture and US Census Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey, 2013

9 Source: US Dept. of Agriculture and US Census Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey, 2008

10 8.69 bgd 4.3 bgd 2.88 bgd 7.38 bgd 5.1 bgd Source: US Geological Survey s Estimated Use of Water: 2010, November 2014

11 77,347 61,192 19,301 38,729 77,389 Source: US Dept. of Agriculture and US Census Farm & Ranch Irrigation Survey, 2014

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14 2005 GW withdrawals for irrigation (mgd) 2010 GW withdrawals for irrigation (mgd) % of change 2008 irrigation wells 2013 irrigation wells % of change 17 Western states 39, , % 303, , % 31 Eastern states 4, , % 123, , % Western market share Eastern market share 89% 69% 11% 31% 20 point decline 20% point gain 71.3% 64.5% 28.7% 35.5% Sources: 2005, 2010 Estimated Use of Water in the United States, U.S. Geological Survey; 2008, 2013 Farm & Ranch Irrigation Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6.8 point decline 6.8 point increase

15 - Economic Research Service, USDA, September 2006

16 Shortage of groundwater Cited for 1,284 farms in % increase from farms in % decrease from ,082 farms in 2003

17 Electric Power Cost per hour of operation = GPM x Total Dynamic Head (in Feet) / Pumping Efficiency (%) x Unit Conversion Factor x rate per KWh. For example assume 1,000 GPM, 80-foot total dynamic head, 63% pumping efficiency, and cost of $ /kwh (Nebraska) x 80 / 0.63 x 0.746/3960 x = $ per hour

18 Energy costs in dollars per irrigated acre, associated with irrigation well pumps, Year Electricity Natural Gas LP, Propane, Butane Diesel Gasoline or Gasohol 2003 $42.65 $57.25 $27.21 $25.09 $ $57.60 $93.03 $38.72 $54.20 $ $59.59 $55.38 $36.91 $45.51 $48.29 Source: 2013 Census of Agriculture, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19 Percentage of Population Served Source: U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. EPA

20 39% of U.S. population depends on groundwater for drinking water

21 15.7 bgd 20.7% of total groundwater extraction 33.3% of total public supply water 87,100,000 American residents served by 39,000 community water systems 74,700 wells serving community water systems

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26 Average cost/gallon of groundwater as source water for public supply = $ bgd X 365 days X $ = $21.4 billion Source: February 2015 e-communication to NGWA from Kenneth Mercer, Ph.D., senior manager of Technical and Research Programs, American Water Works Association.

27 3.54 bgd 4.69% of groundwater withdrawals 87.6% of self-supplied water 13,093,000 occupied households served by individual wells 38.5 million people 14% of U.S. population Down 1.2% since ,951,000 = drilled 750,000 = dug 38,000 = primary source is well and water deemed not safe to drink 170,000 = new single family homes constructed in past 4 years on drilled wells 7,000 new single family homes constructed in past 4 years on dug wells 1,342,000 = manufactured or mobile homes on wells (1% of total households) 5,000 manufactured housing with wells with water deemed not safe to drink Source: American Housing Survey, 2013

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29 U.S. households served by wells: X 1,000 15,200,000 in ,093,000 Loss of million households in 16 years Source: American Housing Survey, U.S. Census

30 U.S. households served by wells: with linear trend X 1,000 13,093,000 Source: American Housing Survey, U.S. Census

31 965,000 in % decline between 1997 and 2013 Units are classified as new construction if the unit was constructed 4 years or less from the date of the interview by Census employees. 179,000 in 2013 Source: American Housing Survey, U.S. Census

32 Year TOTALS OVER PERIOD New Completed Single-family Houses on Wells and on Public Sewer New Completed Single-family Houses on Wells with Septic System Total New Completed Single-family Houses on Wells Total New Completed Single-family Houses % New Completed Single-family Houses on Wells of Total New Completed Single-family Houses Market Jet Pumps and Submersible Pumps up to 5 HP Shipped by U.S. Producers (per U.S. Census Current Industrial Reports) ,000 63,000 65, , ,443, ,000 53,000 54, , ,463, ,000 44,000 46, , n/a ,000 41,000 43, , n/a ,000 46,000 48, , n/a 9, , ,000 2,515, % What about manufactured housing served by well systems?

33 Household Wells Drilled by Region Source: Carlson, R.C., "Trends in the United States Marketplace for Individually Owned Private Water Wells," National Ground Water Educational Foundation, Region % CHANGE 2020 % CHANGE % CHANGE BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 Northeast 58,611 60, , Midwest 96,527 97, , South 131, , , West 79,600 81, , TOTAL 366, , ,

34 STATE Colorado 1,698 1,536 1,474 1,690 1,556 NW District - FL 1, South District - FL ,095 1,508 Minnesota 4,921 4,613 4,383 5,090 5,032 Nebraska , New Jersey 2,214 2,389 2,498 2,186 2,059 New Mexico 1, ,393 1,393 1,337 Oregon 2,119 1,737 1,681 1,606 2,034 Pennsylvania 2,361 3,191 2,681 2,604 2,589 South Dakota Tennessee 2,050 1,779 1,733 1,520 1,506 Texas 8,284 8,017 9,304 9,639 11,458 Utah Virginia 5,036 4,475 3,554 3,763 3,463 Washington 2,920 2,800 2,650 2,550 2,226 Wisconsin 7,606 7,426 6,203 6,884 6,823 TOTALS 43,901 41,599 40,632 43,673 44,014

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36 Gen Y Gen X Baby Boomer War Babies/Silent Generation Currently Rural 12% 17% 19% 15% Want to Move Rural in Five Years 20% 27% 30% 16% Source: America in 2013, Urban Land Institute

37 Economic incentives for developers, builders, real estate. More housetops means more revenue for communities. Suburban/urban transplants desire urban amenities. Public water systems need growth to pay SDWA bills. 27% of population drinks groundwater from community systems 13.1 million individual occupied household wells 12% of population served by individual wells Approximately 74,700 community wells Urbanization of America Efforts to Preserve Rural America Preserve farmland. Protect groundwater from overdraft. Protect groundwater from contamination. Raw land has higher economic value than farmland. Land use planning.

38 Compiled by NGWA from: U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Bureau of the Census

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40 For more information: National Ground Water Association 601 Dempsey Road Westerville, Ohio U.S.A. Phone/ Fax/