Plasma based VOC reduction PlasTEP (+) results

Transcription

1 Plasma based VOC reduction PlasTEP (+) results Michael Schmidt, Alexander Schwock and Ronny Brandenburg Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Germany

2 Content 1 Chances and prospects of plasma based VOC-removal Non-thermal plasmas for VOC-removal Advantage of plasma based exhaust treatment 2 Results of field tests: From lab to real life Shale oil production (Estonia) Production of polymer concrete (Poland) Yacht production (Poland) 3 Summary and Outlook Open questions and future prospects 1

3 Gas discharges for gas treatment Gas flows through an electrode structure utilizing a gas discharges with a nonthermal plasma Plasma enables chemical conversion in the treated gas Plasma Chemistry Discharge types: - Barrier discharges (a) - Corona discharges (b) - Packed bed reactors (c) (a) (b) (c) 2

4 VOC removal in air Formation of radicals (O, OH, HO 2 ) and O 3 Oxidative reactions resulting in CO 2 and H 2 O and other by-products Efficacy and selectivity depend on gas composition, pollutant and its concentration, temperature, specific energy etc. Plasma as oxidation stages in combination with other processes like adsorption, catalysis, scrubbing, (a) (b) (c) 3

5 Plasma Science Engineering Filamentary Plasma (e.g. Barrier Dis.) Assignement of Tasks Type and Level of Contamination Gas Composition and Temperature Electrical Breakdown (Microdischarge) Ions Plasma Parameters Passive Phase Radicals Efficacy Chemical reactions Upscaling Selectivity Plasma-Enhanced Processes Catalysis, Adsorption, Scrubbing, By-Products Synergies Cost and Technical Benefit 4

6 Advantage of plasma based exhaust treatment Chemical conversion without increase of gas temperature Effects an gas particles and particulate matter (aerosols) Effects in gas phase and on surfaces Controllable by electrical operation parameters European Environment Agency Regardless of how strictly we define environmental plasma, the history and future potential of this technology are quite remarkable. Alexander Gutsol In: The 2012 Plasma Roadmap J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 (2012) (37 pp) 5

7 State-of-the-art: plasma deodorization H.H. Kim et al. International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science & Technology Vol.1,

8 Field Tests From lab to real life Unstable conditions and varying process conditions Harsh environment (low temperature, dust...) Limited time Unknown components to be analyzed later in the lab Weak coupling between process settings and experimental settings Laboratory equipment is to be integrated in an industrial process Poland Estonia Germany Germany 7

9 Equipment for field tests Mobile Plasma Source (Stack reactor) with aftertreatment and HV-source (WTUS) Mobile Gas Diagnostics (FID, FTIR) 8

10 Mobile Setup GC/MS Sampling 9

11 VKG/ Estonia - VOC removal Shale Oil production and processing leads to VOC emissions Outdoor experiments T 5 o C Plasma power 125 W Gas flow m 3 /h Significant VOC removal at inlet concentration below 500 mg/m 3 Removal of total amount of VOC more efficient than removal of aromatic compounds 10

12 Betonstal Szczecin/ Poland - VOC treatment Short emission peaks during polymer concrete preparation for pipe production Hot summer day, dusty industrial production room; varying process conditions (change between emission maxima and zero emission) P = 150 W and 200 W Q 4 m 3 /h Styrene (C 8 H 8 ) concentration decreases by plasma activity 11

13 Betonstal Szczecin/ Poland - VOC treatment Styrene (C 8 H 8 ) signal decreases with plasma on condition Concentration of formic acid (CH 2 O 2 ) as the main reaction product beside CO x increases Slight increase in concentration of benzaldehyde (C 7 H 6 O) as a minor reaction product Ozone (O 3 ) signal as a plasma-on - marker 12

14 Yacht Service Tanowo/ Poland Treatment of styrene and VOC contaminated process air Mobile diagnostics operated in multivan Mobile plasma source operated in production site 13

15 Yacht Service Tanowo/ Poland - VOC s 4 measurement with varying plasma power Increasing VOC concentrations during the experiments Removal of around 60 ppm for all power settings FID displays unspecified sum of all VOC s 14

16 Yacht Service Tanowo/ Poland - styrene Strong increase in styrene concentration during the experiments Almost complete removal of styrene with all power setting Formic acid as a product of reaction of styrene with ozone Additional methanol and a carbon-flourine containing compound found 15

17 Summary and Outlook Plasma activity in several field test installations investigated Plasma source and gas diagnostics work even under harsh conditions Feasibility of plasma-chemical treatment of VOC`s and NO x shown In some cases species concentrations are below detection limit It is necessary to understand the emitting process Problem and solution oriented studies Plasma to be understood as on demand oxidation stage Plasma offer compact systems with a direct control Feasible in case of large fluctuations of pollutants Synergies with adsorption, catalysis and scrubbing needs to be studied further Cyclic processes 16

18 Thank you for your attention and for the contributions of WP partners! M. Hołub M. Balcerak M. Bonisławski D. Cameron M.-L. Kääriäinen T. Ivanova I. Jõgi M. Laan A. Jalakas V. Valincius R. Kėzelis T. Hoder M. Schmidt H. Grosch W. Reich A.G. Chmielewski A. Pawelec Y. Sun S. Vasarevicius H. Barankova L. Bardos E. Stamate C. Irimiea M. Dors J. Mizeraczyk 17

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