Large regional pollution episodes in Europe and status and perspectives of the EMEP Programme

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1 Large regional pollution episodes in Europe and status and perspectives of the EMEP Programme Wenche Aas, Michael Schultz, Hilde Fagerli, Andres Alastuey and many more

2 Outline Status of the EMEP monitoring programme Status of air pollution in rural Europe in 2012 Special focus on episodic pollution events EMEP intensive measurement periods Mineral dust campaign 2012 and 2013 Future campaigns Future activities

3 Monitoring programme: Level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitations ozone gas particle nitrogen ratios (low cost) PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass meteorology at ca 125 sites Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) PM composition (EC/OC, mineral dust) Aerosol physical and optical properties CH 4 Tracers (CO and halocarbons) POPs Heavy metals in air and aerosols VOC + all level 1 activities sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

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5 Implementation of monitoring strategy, level 1 -site distribution

6 Level 2

7 PM 10 concentration, sites measured PM-mass concentrations. (66 for PM 10 and 47 for PM 2.5 ) The PM levels in 2012 are enhanced due to meteorological conditions compared to avg (1-3 μg/m 3 over large part, 5-10 μg/m 3 in the alps). However the annual mean concentrations over most of Europe being about 1-4 μg/m 3 below the average due to emission reductions. An average decrease of 26% of PM 10 between 2000 and 2012 (24 EMEP sites μg/m 3. y)

8 Observed pollution episode in Jan-Feb 2012

9 Modelled vs measured PM 2.5 The EMEP model doesn t capture the intensity of the epiode very well Most likely, this is caused by the combination of emission underestimation and difficulties in the model to describe the cold stagnant-air weather. ECMWF MARS shows that the boundary layer heights low, down to over a large area of Europe during that period. In the EMEP/MSC-W the lowest layer in the model is appr. 90 m thick

10 Modelled vs measured PM 2.5 (II) Payerne (CH02) 489 m height Caumont (CH04) 1137 m height Using finer vertical resolution model and improved calculations of PBL height in the model are expected to improve its ability to reproduce high pollution events under stable meteorological conditions in shallow PBL

11 28-Oct 29-Oct 30-Oct 31-Oct 1-Nov 2-Nov 3-Nov 4-Nov 5-Nov 6-Nov 7-Nov 8-Nov 9-Nov Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb 2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb 16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb 23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar 2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar PM 10 in winter/spring 2011, measurements mg/m > 50 mg/m 3 AT02 DE01 DE02 DE07 DE09 DE44 DK12 High episodes in Central Europe, 2011 (1) PM 10 in autumn 2011, measurements mg/m > 50 mg/m 3 AT02 DE01 DE02 DE07 DE09 DE44 DK

12 High episodes in Central Europe, 2011 (2) Detailed study in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) µg/m 3 of PM 10 were estimated to originate from wood burning in NRW Tanja Schuck and Ulrich Pfeffer

13 Ozone concentrations in 2012

14 Summer temperature anomaly in 2012

15 What s special about 2012?

16 Present status of the EMEP VOC programme Somewhat «inhomogeneous» network: Many methods Analytical problems at some sites Problems with local influence (i.e in GB) Few sites with carbonyles Promising developments with cooperation with ACTRIS and EU infrastructure projects Lab intercomaprison Reference methods Reporting Color indicates instrumentation

17 Summary for VOCs Challenges with an inhomogeneous network a need for station audits lack of long-term consistent time series New EBAS Challenging reporting criteria Workshop arranged at NILU in October Several new sites with light hydrocarbons Improved geographical coverage requires intercalibrations/standards/harmonisation ACTRIS Monitoring of carbonyls strongly reduced Have shown valuable for model validation

18 EMEP intensive measurement periods (IMP) To assist the implementation of the EMEP monitoring strategy, the Task Force of Measurement and Modelling (TFMM) has recommended conducting coordinated intensive measurements of more advanced character. These are done in close cooperation wit EU funded research projects 1 st Period 1-30 of June Jan -4 Feb nd Period 17 Sep 16 Oct Feb 26 Mar rd Period 8 June - July jan - 8 Febr 2013.

19 EU FP7 ACTRIS

20 Speciation of PM 10, EMEP intensive 2012/2013 Mineral dust: centralized lab using PIXE laboratory in Florence. - Scientific lead: Xavier Querol and Andrés Alestuey, CSIC Inorganic ions (regular EMEP) Carbonaceous EC/OC (EMEP) Carbonate (Lead by JP Putaud and Fabrizia Cavalli, JRC)

21 ng m GB48 FR30 CH02 DE44 IT04 GR02 IT01 ES1778 Mineral dust

22 Mineral dust (µg/m 3 ) Summer 2012 Winter Mineral load: obtained by the addition of the SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3 concentrations, and the dust contribution of Na 2 O, K 2 O dust, CaO and MgO after the subtraction of their marine contribution from the bulk concentrations

23 Contribution of mineral dust to PM10, % Summer Winter

24 Trace metals: coal combustion Summer 2012 As (ng/m 3) Winter

25 Next EMEP intensive to be planned for 2016 Coordination with future European Union (EU) projects are recommended, although such projects had not yet been defined. Some recommendations were expressed by the TFMM: There was still a need for investigations of particulate matter (PM) compounds and biogenic VOCs. There was interest in coupling the periods with campaigns planned in urban environments, (urban increments). Investigate air pollution episodes and near real time capacity Extension of the monitored domain towards the Eastern part of Europe Longer measurement periods?

26 Summary Development of the EMEP monitoring network Challenging in keeping focus and improve data quality and network development on traditional EMEP compounds (EMEP level 1) Monitoring network in positive development for EMEP level 2. More sites, higher focus on harmonization of method and more advanced reporting. The regional pollution level is generally decreasing in Europe, though large episodes are observed Winter PM, summer ozone Intensive measurement periods are valuable supplements to the regular programme Searching for cooperation on the 2016 campaign Next year(s) with special focus on CLTRAP assessment and trend studies