Tage Møller Architect office building

Transcription

1 Architect office building

2 presentation! It was built 1996 in windy surroundings.! It has a floor area of about 300 m 2.! The room height varies from 2.4 to 5 meters. PLAN VIEW N

3 presentation The building design include a low-cost ventilation system.! This is a hybrid system in which fresh air enters the building via temperature controlled trickle vents. A small exhaust fan ensures that a minimum air flow rate is maintained.the occupant can use two other fans to increase the ventilation rate. The building is heated by under-floor heating. The green house works as a shading device Exterior view, west facade Interior view

4 Specific design issue The architects, who are also the owners, wanted:! a building made from natural materials! an inexpensive, uncomplicated ventilation system! system which should be simple to use The simple design was intented to produce a high level of indoor air quality and comfortable summer indoor air temperatures desired at a low cost.

5 The building Hybrid ventilation system Hybrid system: natural supply & mechanical extraction WINTER Ventilation to control the IAQ: relatively high rates higher during office hours Mechanical extraction: 1-5 fans greenhouse SUMMER Ventilation to control the IAQ & for thermal summer comfort: relatively high ventilation rates greenhouse Possibility to preheat air through greenhouse The greenhouse is part of the shading and is closed to the indoor environment

6 The building Ventilation components! There are three small fans, operated by the users.! Air leakage by the windows! Window airing is used.! Supply air through temperature controlled poppet valves.! The green house is ventilated separately by two temperature controlled fans.

7 The building Ventilation components

8 The building Ventilation components Detail of trickle vent The trickle vents are installed in the dormer windows. The trickle vent are fully open at 10 C and fully closed at -5 C.The pressure difference across the vents increase as buoyancy - driven convection in the building increases.

9 Reduction of direct solar gains! On the south and south-west facing facades a green-house with separate ventilation gives solar shading in the summer and preheating of ventilation air in the winter. The green house is ventilated by two exhaust fans when the greenhouse temperature exceeds 25ºC.

10 ! During the, ventilation rates, indoor air temperature and energy use were monitored and the users were interviewed.! The building was monitored for one summer period and for one winter period. = point

11 Total energy use: 173 kwh/m 2 Other Fans Hot water Energy use Space heating! Energy use was rather high due to control problems with the underfloor heating system

12 Summer Tint. temperture ( C) Text days (time) ! Indoor and outdoor air temperature were measured from 01 to 31 August (Outdoor temperatures were 5ºC higher than the normal monthly average for August.)

13 Summer - results! The IAQ is good. The Swedish building code ventilation requirement of 0.35 l/s,m 2 was satisfied most of the time.! The CO 2 concentration varied between the background level and a maximum of 600 ppm.! There is a clear overheating problem. The air temperature was above 26 C 90% of the time. There are several explanations for this: " The control for the under-floor heating system did not work properly " The building has no solar shading (except the greenhouse) " No night ventilation is applied in the building " The weather was 5 C warmer than normal for the period.

14 CO2-concentration (ppm) Winter CO 2 -concentration Weekend: no occupation no CO 2 -production time (days) Swedish CO 2 -limit: 1000 ppm! The level of CO 2 in the building was measured from 01 to 19 December 1997.! The average outdoor temperature was 3ºC, with a min temperature of -7ºC and a max temperature of 8ºC. h

15 Winter - results! The Swedish building code ventilation requirement of 0.35 l/s,m 2 was satisfied most of the time. There was a significant difference between daytime ventilation rates measured and those measured at night with 40 % more ventilation during daytime.! The level of CO 2 in the building varied between 700 to 900 ppm. These levels was reported by the occupants as being quite satisfactory.! The overall comfort (thermal comfort and IAQ) was perceived as fully satisfactory.

16 ! The aim for the Malmö building was to, with a simple system at low cost, provide the good indoor air quality and the adequate summer indoor air temperatures desired.! The users seem quite satisfied with their indoor climate. There are some complaints of high indoor air temperature in the summer.! Unfortunately energy use in the building is quite high, possibly due to a problem with the control system for the under-floor heating.

17 Suggestions for improvements! To reduce overheating during summer: " use night cooling, e. g. by running of the fans. " improve the shading of the windows, preferably with exterior shading devices. Interior venetian blinds were installed after the period. " install modern energy efficient lighting (lower internal gains). " adjust the control system for the floor heating in order to stop the system from running during the summer months. This was carried out once the programme had finished.! To reduce the energy use: " increase the airtightness by installing weather stripping in windows which do not already have it. " install a ground source heat pump.

18 Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \ Reports \Summary Reports\se1summ.pdf " global presentation s (±4p./building) " contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology - winter and summer results - conclusions \Reports \ Reports \Detailed Reports\se1det.pdf " detailed reports of all 19 campaigns (±20p./campaign) " contents: set up - analysis of results - conclusions You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat Reader 3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation