Pressurised gasification of coal and biomass for the production of H 2 -rich gas

Transcription

1 Department of Energy & Pressurised gasification of coal and biomass for the production of -rich gas J. Fermoso, B. Arias, M.G. Plaza, C. Pevida, M.D. Casal, C.F. Martín, F. Rubiera, J.J. Pis Instituto Nacional del Carbón, C.S.I.C. Apartado Oviedo (Spain)

2 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS

3 HYDROGEN ECONOMY Hydrogen: Energy carrier of the future Production of FOSSIL FUELS Coal RENEWABLES Biomass Wind NUCLEAR 18 % Oil % Tidal Energy Solar Reduction of CO 2 emissions: Natural Gas 48 % Hydraulic Geothermal Increased efficiency Effective co-utilisation with biomass CO-GASIFICATION: COAL & BIOMASS Introduction

4 FutureGen / Hypogen / Coal21 / EAGLE GT Electricity ST Fuel Cells Steam Oxygen Gasifier + CO Shift Reactors CO 2 Capture CO 2 Coal Biomass Petcoke Particulate Removal Slag Sulphur Recovery Fischer-Tropsch Methanol Sulphur Liquid fuels Project CENIT-PiIBE Deployment of Biodiesel Chemicals Use in Spain Introduction

5 OBJECTIVES Objectives: To study the effect of the operation variables on gas production during the gasification of a bituminous coal. To study the effect of blending a bituminous coal with petcoke and biomass during their co-gasification. Objectives

6 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS

7 Electricity Generation in Spain by Source Natural Gas 31.7% Nuclear 17.7% Renewables 19.8% Hydraulic 9.8% Coal 24.2% Oil 6.6% Wind 8.7% Biomass 0.6% Biogas 0.2% MSW 0.5% Solar Photovoltaic 0.1% Solar Thermal 0.003% Experimental

8 Biomass in Spain. Regions with higher potential. PER (Spanish Renewable Energy Plan) Forest Residues Agricultural Res. (Wood) Agricultural Residues (Herbaceous) Agro-forestry industrial Res. Energy crops ELCOGAS Experimental

9 Fuels Analysis Sample Proximate Analysis (wt%) Ultimate Analysis (wt%, dry basis) Ash (db) VM (db) FC* (db) C H N S O* HHV (MJ/kg) PT (coal) DT (coal) SA (coal) HV (coal) PC (petcoke) Olive Stones, OS Olive Pulp, OP Almond Shells, AS Eucalyptus, EB Pine Sawdust, PS *Fixed Carbon and Oxygen determined by difference Experimental

10 Fuels BINARY BLENDS Coal PT - PC (40, 50, %) Coal PT - BIOMASS (5 and 10 % Biomass) TERNARY BLENDS Coal PT - PC - BIOMASS ( %) Experimental

11 Gasification System Main Characteristics: Temperature: 1000 ºC Pressure: 20 bar Continuous feeding system Gas analysis (micro GC) Flow diagram Hot Box Experimental

12 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS

13 Gas Production (mol gas/kg sample, daf) Conversion, X (%) = (C gas/c raw fuel) daf Gas Yield, Y (Nm 3 kg -1 ) = dry gas flow rate / dry fuel flow rate HHV (kj Nm 3 ) = gross calorific value of dry gas Cold Gas Efficiency, η (%) = HHV GAS (kj Nm 3 ) Y (Nm 3 kg -1 ) / HHV FUEL (kj kg -1 ) Fuel: Coal, PT: Mass flow rate: 5 g/h Sample size: micron Reactive Gas: N 2 -O 2 - O: 200 ml min -1 daf: dry ash free basis

14 Gasification Effect of oxygen, steam, temperature Coal PT, Dp: micron, Feed flow rate: 5 g/h, Pressure: 15 bar (mol kg -1 sample, daf) C 900 C O 10 25%H2O-900ºC 40%H2O-900ºC 55%H2O-900ºC 25%H2O-1000ºC 40%H2O-1000ºC 55%H2O-1000ºC O/C (g/g) C+ O 2 CO 2 C+ ½O 2 CO + ½ O 2 O C+ CO 2 2 CO C+ O CO + CO + O CO 2 + CO + 2 O CO C+ 2 CH 4 Results

15 Gasification Effect of oxygen, steam, temperature Coal PT, Dp: micron, Feed flow rate: 5 g/h, Pressure: 15 bar (mol kg -1 sample, daf) O C 900 C 10 5%O2_900ºC 7%O2_900ºC 10%O2_900ºC 15%O2_900ºC 5%O2_1000ºC 7%O2_1000ºC 10%O2_1000ºC 15%O2_1000ºC O/C (g/g) C+ O 2 CO 2 C+ ½O 2 CO + ½ O 2 O C+ CO 2 2 CO C+ O CO + CO + O CO 2 + CO + 2 O CO C+ 2 CH 4 Results

16 Gasification Effect of oxygen, steam, temperature Coal PT, Dp: micron, Feed flow rate: 5 g/h, Pressure: 15 bar CO (mol kg -1 sample, daf) O C 900 C 5 5%O2_900ºC 7%O2_900ºC 10%O2_900ºC 15%O2_900ºC 5%O2_1000ºC 7%O2_1000ºC 10%O2_1000ºC 15%O2_1000ºC O/C (g/g) C+ O 2 CO 2 C+ ½O 2 CO + ½ O 2 O C+ CO 2 2 CO C+ O CO + CO + O CO 2 + CO + 2 O CO C+ 2 CH 4 Results

17 Gasification Effect of oxygen and steam Coal PT, Dp: micron, Feed flow rate: 5 g/h, Pressure: 15 bar 1000 C + CO (mol kg -1 coal, daf) H2 + CO (mol kg -1 coal, daf) O (% vol. ) O 2 (% vol. ) H2O (%vol.) O2 (%vol.) C+ O 2 CO 2 C+ ½O 2 CO + ½ O 2 O C+ CO 2 2 CO C+ O CO + CO + O CO 2 + CO + 2 O CO C+ 2 CH 4 Results

18 Gasification Effect of temperature and steam on Cold Gas Efficiency Coal PT, Dp: micron, Feed flow rate: 5 g/h, Pressure: 15 bar η (%) % O η (%) T (ºC) O (% vol. ) T (ºC) H2O (%vol.) C+ O 2 CO 2 C+ ½O 2 CO + ½ O 2 O C+ CO 2 2 CO C+ O CO + CO + O CO 2 + CO + 2 O CO C+ 2 CH 4 Results

19 Co-Gasification Binary Blends: coal PT-PC (40, 50, %) GAS PRODUCTION (mol kg -1 sample, daf) T: 1000 ºC -O 2 :5% - O: 55% - P: 15 bar - Dp: µm % PT H2 CO CO2 CH4 Results

20 AS EB OS OP PS Co-Gasification Binary Blends: coal PT-Biomass (5, 10 %) - T: 1000 ºC -O 2 :5% - O: 55% - P: 15 bar - Dp: µm (mol kg -1 sample, daf) AS EB OS OP PS Biomass PT 5%BIOMASS 10% BIOMASS Results

21 Co-Gasification Ternary Blends: Coal PT-PC-Biomass (45, 45, 10 %) - T: 1000 ºC -O 2 :5% - O: 55% - P: 15 bar - Dp: µm GAS PRODUCTION (mol kg -1 sample, daf) % 10% AS 10% RE 10% OS 10% OP 10% SP Biomass H2 05 CO CO2 CH4 0 % Results

22 CONCLUSIONS I. The increase in temperature produced more gases ( +CO), with a concomitant improvement in efficiency. II. The production of gas depended on the O 2 / O ratio. An increase in the ratio decreased the production of and CO due to combustion reactions. Addition of steam increased the production of and CO 2, to the detriment of CO production, with a slower char conversion rate. III. A positive (synergistic) effect was attained for binary blends of coal with petcoke, and coal with different types of biomass. In the case of ternary blends the syngas production did not change appreciably, but cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion increased with regards to those of the bituminous coal-petcoke binary blend. Conclusions

23 Department of Energy & Pressurised gasification of coal and biomass for the production of -rich gas J. Fermoso, B. Arias, M.G. Plaza, C. Pevida, M.D. Casal, C.F. Martín, F. Rubiera, J.J. Pis Instituto Nacional del Carbón, C.S.I.C. Apartado Oviedo (Spain) Energy Processes & Emissions Reduction Group - INCAR - CSIC Acknowledgements: - ELCOGAS, S.A. - Project CENIT- PiIBE