The Impact of Urbanization, Industrial and Agricultural Technologies on the Natural Environment (Introduction to the Project) Miklós Neményi

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1 The Impac of Urbanizaion, Indusrial and Agriculural Technologies on he Naural Environmen (Inroducion o he Projec) Miklós Neményi Universiy of Wes Hungary, Insiue of Biosysems Engineering Corresponden Member of he Hungarian (Naional) Academy of Sciences Vice Recor for Scienific and Inernaional Affairs The TÁMOP B-09/1/KONV is an EU projec aiming a The improvemen of he qualiy of higher educaion hrough he developmen of research-developmen-innovaion-educaion A he same ime his is also a Research Universiy Proposal.

2 The program has five sub-programs: 1. Preservaion and susainable uilizaion of our naural heriage; 2. Complex sudy of urban eco-environmen in he Wesern Transdanubia Region; 3. From field o fork (Agriculural sub-program); 4. Invesigaion and research mehodology of bioic and abioic environmens; 5. Technical innovaions for regional economic developmen (Indusrial sub-program).

3 The philosophy of he projec follows he opinion of he Hungarian scienis John von Neumann: The sciences do no ry o explain, hey hardly even ry o inerpre, hey mainly make models. Ludvig von Beralanffy Beralanffy, L.v. Hempel, C. G. Bass, R. E. Jonas, H. (1951): General Sysem Theory: A new approach o uniy of science. Human Biology, 23: Beralanffy, L. von, (1969): General Sysem Theory. New York: George Braziller

4 H.T. Odum He is known for his pioneering work on ecosysem ecology, and for his provocaive proposals for addiional laws of hermodynamics, informed by his work on general sysems heory. J.W. Forreser Forreser, J.W (1961): Indusrial dynamics. MIT Press

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6 The lis of hreas o he life suppor sysem in which we are embedded is overwhelming: desers are encroaching on ecologically producive areas a he rae of 6 million hecares per year; deforesaion claims over 17 million hecares per year, soil oxidaion and erosion exceeds soil formaion by 26 billion onnes per year; fisheries are collapsing; he draw-down and polluion of ground waer acceleraes in many places of he world; as many as 17,000 species disappear every year; despie correcive acion, sraospheric ozone coninues o erode; indusrial sociey has increased amospheric carbon dioxide by 28 percen. All hese rends are he resul of eiher over-exploiaion (excessive consumpion) or excessive wase generaion. In an underdeveloped counry don drink he waer, in a developed counry don breahe he air. J. Raban Man made up-o-dae ecological sysem Climae Klíma Air polluion Climae Flóra Flora Fauna Folyamaos Coninuous egyensy balance Consumpion Fogyaszás Producion and ranspor Wases Talaj Soil Naural ecological sysem Naural resources Gaia is living goodness beyond human knowledge, will supposedly punish or reward us for our environmenal insuls or blessings o her body : Lynn Margulis: Symbioic plane

7 H. J. Morowiz: Energy flow in biology (Academic Press, 1968) Ciing Bridgeman wroe: I springs o eye ha he endency of living organisms is o organize heir surroundings, ha is, o produce order where formerly here was disorder.

8 Lynn Margulis: in her Symbioic plane book qoues from James E. Lovelock s book: No organism feeds on is own wase One organism s wase is anoher s food. Failing o disinguish anyone s food from someone else s wase, he Gaian sysem recycles maer on he global level The sum of planeary life, Gaia, displays a physiology ha we recognize as environmenal regulaion. (Margulis, 1998). The fundamenal quesion is: Who eas whom?

9 David Pimenel The quesion is how he echnological energy inpu aking also he ecological aspec ino accoun can be opimized: where is he limi of order making. I is very imporan for he purposes of self-regulaion models.

10 E ou = max E inp,ech, E ou, e r [MJ/Uni area] e r S max S min E ou E ou - E inp,ech = E ne, ech = max E ou - E inp e r,op MTEI E inp,ech Mass of Energy Source, M inp, ech [mass uni] Theoreical demonsraion of Maximal Technological Energy Inpu (MTEIP ) (Neményi, 1983; Neményi, 2009; Neményi and Milics, 2009; Neményi and Milics, 2010) Where: Einp,echn = echnologic energy inpu; Eou = energy of produced biomass; er=eou / Einp,echn

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12 The generaion of knowledge, which involves enropy, is a new and advanced science. Le us consider he knowledge evoluion as a funcion of ime inroduced by Gomes (2006): E = h ln h where h is he knowledge variable, h produces human capial This equaion is an analogue of Bolzmann s enropy equaion. If he accumulaion of knowledge hrough ime: h + 1 h = Bh η δh ln h where B is consan and δ is he enropy parameer, he (1) equaion should be equal wih he agro-ecological enropy difference or wih he micro-ecological diversiy (enropy) change over ime: (1) η S S = Bh δh ln h max imum min imum (3) The soluion of he equaion can be found parly in Gomes (2006). The main advanage of such a models is he purposeful research aciviy. S = F i= 1 Where he p i =n i /N pi ln p i n i The number of individuals in species i; he abundance of species i. F The number of species. N The oal number of all individuals p i The relaive abundance of each species, calculaed as he proporion of individuals of a given species o he oal number of individuals in he communiy C. Shannon

13 THE TRAGEDY OF MAN TRANSLATED BY GEORGE SZIRTES CORVINA, BUDAPEST, 1998 (THIRD EDITION) TRANSLATION: GEORGE SZIRTES Scene 12 IMRE MADÁCH SCIENTIST: Wha is your field of specializaion? ADAM: We re no aached o a paricular one Bu would prefer o ake a general view. Thanks for your aenion!