People s Republic of China: Daguhe Groundwater Rehabilitation and Protection

Transcription

1 Technical Assistance Report Project Number: Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) August 2013 People s Republic of China: Daguhe Groundwater Rehabilitation and Protection The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

2 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 2 August 2013) Currency unit yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $ $1.00 = CNY ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank PRC People s Republic of China QDRC Qingdao Development and Reform Commission QHB Qingdao Hydrological Bureau TA technical assistance TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Type Capacity development technical assistance (CDTA) Targeting classification General intervention Sector (subsector) Agriculture and natural resources (water-based natural resources management) Themes (subthemes) Environmental sustainability (natural resources conservation), capacity development (institutional development) Location (impact) Rural (high), urban (high), national (low), regional (low) NOTE In this report, $ refers to US dollars. Vice President S. Groff, Operations 2 Director General A. Konishi, East Asia Department (EARD) Director Y.L. Feng, Environment, Natural Resources, and Agriculture Division, EARD Team leader Team members F. Radstake, Senior Environment Specialist, EARD I. Ashan, Counsel, Office of the General Counsel A. Lopez, Natural Resources and Agricultural Specialist, EARD A. Sebastian, Operations Project Assistant, EARD In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

3 CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. ISSUES 1 III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 2 A. Impact and Outcome 2 B. Methodology and Key Activities 3 C. Cost and Financing 5 D. Implementation Arrangements 5 IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION 5 APPENDIXES 1. Design and Monitoring Framework 6 2. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan 9 3. Outline Terms of Reference for Consultants 10

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5 I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Government of the People s Republic of China (PRC) requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide technical assistance (TA) 1 for Daguhe Groundwater Rehabilitation and Protection. 2 In April 2013, an ADB mission visited the PRC and reached an understanding with the government on the TA s rationale, impact, outcome, outputs, cost estimates, implementation arrangements, and consultants terms of reference. The design and monitoring framework is in Appendix The Qingdao municipal government requested support to prepare a comprehensive strategic planning study of groundwater resources in the Daguhe River area. Qingdao municipality depends heavily on Daguhe groundwater resources for its water supplies. These resources, which make up an estimated 17% of Qingdao s drinking water sources, are threatened by nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. The study will bring international good practices into the management and planning process for Daguhe groundwater uses, and it will be of great significance for controlling nitrate pollution, restoring the ecological environment, protecting groundwater resources, improving water supply capacity, and, ultimately, ensuring the safety of drinking water for Qingdao municipality. II. ISSUES 3. The PRC has been suffering the combined effects of extensive exploitation and increasing contamination of groundwater. Water scarcity has become a constraint on economic development and people s livelihoods in many areas. While detailed studies are few and data limited, it is generally agreed that groundwater resources are under threat and have already been polluted in many areas. The PRC draws groundwater heavily. A large proportion of the groundwater is used to irrigate the country s farmlands, and about 70% of its people in the northern regions are using groundwater for drinking. Rapid urban development and intensified agricultural activities have exacerbated pressure on groundwater resources. 4. On 10 October 2011, the State Council approved the National Plan to Protect the Safety of Groundwater Resources ( ). This is an important step toward tackling water scarcity in the PRC. Along with overpumping and depletion of groundwater resources, groundwater contamination now poses a serious threat to people in the PRC. Overuse of fertilizers and large numbers of livestock in rural areas are key concerns. In many cases, nitrate and bacterial contamination exceed the natural absorption capacity and make groundwater unsuitable for direct human consumption. Studies conducted by Chinese research institutes indicate that, in many areas, 20% to 50% of applied nitrate fertilizer could reach the groundwater table and slowly accumulate to unsafe levels. Rural runoff containing fertilizer or pesticide residues has long-term impacts on groundwater quality, and no easy technical solutions are available to reduce such nonpoint pollution sources. 5. Qingdao City in Shandong Province is among the cities in northern PRC with serious water shortages. Rapid economic growth has significantly increased demand for water, which constitutes a constraint upon its future development. The Daguhe River Basin, the largest in Qingdao municipality with a catchment area of about 6,130 square kilometers (km 2 ), is relatively small and surface water resources are insufficient and unreliable. The Daguhe groundwater 1 The TA is included in the 2013 nonlending pipeline in the country operations business plan for the People s Republic of China. 2 The TA first appeared in the business opportunities section of ADB s website on 30 July 2013.

6 2 resources constitute the largest and most reliable drinking water source in Qingdao City, playing a critical role in ensuring the safety of potable water for the city. Located in the lower-middle reaches of the Daguhe basin, the Daguhe groundwater aquifer lies about 50 kilometers from the urban areas of Qingdao City and covers an area of approximately 420 km 2. The city is also developing at very high costs and energy consumption desalinization and large-scale water transfers in an effort to ensure its supply. 6. The sustainable development and utilization of Daguhe groundwater resources are of great concern to the municipal government. As a result of extensive agricultural activities in the area and the limited control measures in place, pollution of the Daguhe aquifer is increasing. Nitrate pollution is the main concern, and the groundwater quality is deteriorating year by year. Significant efforts have been made to conduct a series of small surveys and research on hydrogeology, water quality, and environment capacity. Through these, extensive data on groundwater availability, quality, and environmental pollution sources have become available. This information, however, has never been systematically assessed and reported. 7. Responding to a number of serious groundwater pollution cases, including in Shandong Province, various national experts have recommended that local governments formulate and enforce strong groundwater pollution-prevention and protection plans backed by adequate financial resources, sufficient incentives not to pollute, and strong implementation of the existing regulations. The experts believe this is urgent, as potable water is scarce in the most populated areas and the PRC cannot afford the destruction of its groundwater resources. 8. The TA supports ADB s strategic priorities in the country partnership strategy, for the PRC. 3 It aims to promote environmental sustainability. It also supports the PRC s sustainable development agenda for a harmonious society, as outlined in the PRC s Twelfth Five-Year Plan, Conservation of water and natural resources will be supported through assessing and planning adequate pollution control interventions and capacity development. The TA complements ongoing cooperation with the PRC on water resources management and pollution control, including the preparations of a proposed Shandong Groundwater Allocation and Protection Project. 9. The support is consistent with ADB's Water Operational Plan, to (i) increase water use efficiencies across the range of users; (ii) embed integrated water resources management, including improved risk management to mitigate floods, droughts, and other water-related disasters; and (iii) expand knowledge and capacity development that uses technology and innovation more directly. The support will accelerate policy and institutional reforms by supporting enhancement of policy, legislation, and regulations; facilitating reform process; and strengthening institutional capacity and expanded knowledge base by promoting activities that produce new and innovative approaches, strategies, and technologies. III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE A. Impact and Outcome 10. The impact will be sustainable utilization and management of Daguhe groundwater resources. The outcome will be capacity of the Qingdao Municipal Government to implement sustainable groundwater management in the Daguhe River Basin improved. To attain the expected outcome, four outputs have been identified: (i) Daguhe groundwater resources 3 ADB Country Partnership Strategy: People s Republic of China, Manila.

7 3 assessment carried out, (ii) groundwater resources information management system established, (iii) groundwater pollution treatment options assessed, and (iv) Daguhe groundwater resources management plan prepared. B. Methodology and Key Activities 11. Output 1: Daguhe groundwater resources assessment carried out. This output involves assessing the groundwater conditions in the Daguhe aquifer. While a number of individual studies for the Daguhe aquifer have been conducted by Chinese universities and research institutes, there is still no comprehensive review and summary of the dynamics and conditions in the area. The municipal government still lacks solid analysis and recommendations for policy decisions and actual on-the-ground activities. With a particular focus on nitrate pollution, the assessment will encompass groundwater availability, usage, and quality. Existing studies will be reviewed and analyzed, and the current extent of groundwater pollution and distribution pattern of the Daguhe aquifer will be determined. This will support in determining the sustainable level of extraction. 12. Specific activities for output 1 include the following: (i) review, analyze, and summarize all existing studies and collected relevant data for the Daguhe groundwater resources, including hydrogeology, groundwater flow, meteorology, surface water flow, groundwater abstraction and infiltration, and climate change scenarios; (ii) assess possible climate change impacts on the future replenishment of Daguhe groundwater resources; (iii) assess current groundwater management practices, institutional arrangements, and policies, including licensing and pricing; and (iv) summarize the findings of the assessment in a comprehensive baseline data report. 13. Output 2: Groundwater resources information management system established. This output involves the consolidation and establishment of a computerized information system in the Qingdao Hydrological Bureau (QHB). Based on comprehensive assessment of the baseline conditions and recharge dynamics of the aquifer, a database and monitoring system needs to be established that will guide the decision-making and groundwater protection enforcement processes Specific activities for output 2 include the following: (i) conduct a review of current water information systems and assess opportunities for upgrading the existing system; (ii) design and prepare specifications for a groundwater resources information system; (iii) procure and install the groundwater database and information system; (iv) provide training for QHB staff on the organization, quality control, and data entry of the existing groundwater data; (v) prepare a user manual and provide training for QHB staff on use of the groundwater information system; (vi) conduct consultations with local governments to streamline future groundwater monitoring procedures; and (vii) prepare a planning report and cost estimates for establishing an automated digital data collection system. 15. Output 3: Groundwater pollution treatment options assessed. This output involves review of the feasible options available to mitigate and rehabilitate nitrate pollution in the Daguhe aquifer. Despite a range of technological options that have been proposed to address the nitrate pollution concerns, there is no systematic assessment and comparison of those options that includes technical, financial, and institutional aspects. The review will include 4 The proposed system will consist of standard desktop computers and off-the-shelf software that can easily be adapted for use in the Daguhe area.

8 4 agricultural and environmental engineering options, and assess other initiatives by QHB that the municipal government is considering for the Daguhe area. 16. Specific activities for output 3 include the following: (i) review and summarize agricultural practices in the Daguhe area, including irrigation practices, fertilizer usage, and animal waste disposal; (ii) conduct calculations on the influence of various aeration belt structures, irrigation mode, and fertilization volume on various crops in various periods over nitrate pollution of the groundwater source; (iii) assess the effect of applying slow-release fertilizer and biological filtration in the Daguhe area; (iv) conduct a literature review of current environmental engineering technologies for nitrate removal from groundwater; (v) conduct a financial analysis and cost comparison for the potential application of the most suitable technological options; and (vi) summarize the findings in a technical report. 17. Output 4: Daguhe groundwater resources management plan prepared. This output involves preparation of a strategic groundwater management plan, including technical options, awareness raising, financing options, and institutional and legal requirements. The groundwater assessment, information management system, and comparison of technical options will enable preparation of a Daguhe groundwater management plan that will support the municipal government in ensuring adequate groundwater protection and sustainable usage. 18. Specific activities for output 4 include the following: (i) conduct a literature review on managing and protecting groundwater resources that are threatened by nitrate pollution; (ii) conduct an international study tour for Qingdao Development and Reform Commission (QDRC) and QHB staff to gain international experiences on groundwater resources management and protection; 5 (iii) assess water demand scenarios for Qingdao municipality and determine usage recommendations for the Daguhe groundwater resources; (iv) conduct consultations with local governments on the management options to ensure adequate protection from nitrate pollution; (v) develop technical recommendations for the protection and usage of Daguhe groundwater resources; (vi) assess institutional, financial, and legal requirements for implementation of the plan; (vii) prepare a public awareness and communications strategy to ensure full implementation of the plan; (viii) conduct a forum to present and discuss groundwater management options for the Daguhe area; (ix) prepare a final Daguhe groundwater management plan; and (x) prepare an executive summary of the management plan for publishing as a knowledge product No major risks relating to implementation of the TA have been identified. QDRC has experience in implementing ADB-financed grants. The only minor risk identified involves the institutional arrangement for managing the Daguhe water resources, which encompasses also other government agencies, cities, and counties. This possible risk can be mitigated through (i) the active involvement of QDRC as oversight agency; and (ii) establishment of close cooperation with relevant stakeholders at the start of the TA s implementation, and in particular the Qingdao Municipal Water Resources Management Office and Yantai City. The latter is part of the Daguhe River Basin and located upstream of the Daguhe aquifer area. 5 The study tour will preferably be in an ADB member country (and most preferably a developing member country), and it will focus on mitigating nitrate pollution. 6 It is intended to prepare a short policy brief.

9 5 C. Cost and Financing 20. The TA is estimated to cost $400,000, of which $300,000 will be financed on a grant basis by ADB s Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-other sources). The proceeds of the TA will be disbursed in accordance with ADB s Technical Assistance Disbursement Handbook (2010, as amended from time to time). The government will provide counterpart support in the forms of counterpart staff, office facilities, meeting venues, and other in-kind contributions. The cost estimates and financing plan are in Appendix 2. D. Implementation Arrangements 21. Implementation of the TA will take 18 months, from 1 September 2013 to 28 February QDRC will be the executing agency and will provide the necessary oversight and coordination for implementing the TA. QHB will be the implementing agency. A project management office, to be established at QHB with at least five qualified staff, will be responsible for the overall planning, coordination, and supervision of the TA. The project management office will closely coordinate its activities with the Qingdao municipal water resources management office and Yantai City government, which will be invited to join quarterly coordination meetings and workshops organized by the project management office. QDRC will provide ADB with biannual progress reports during the implementation period and a TA completion report within 3 months of the TA s completion date. 22. QDRC and QHB will be supported by TA-financed international and national consulting services to provide assessments and training in the areas of groundwater protection and planning while following international good management practices. It is estimated the consultants will include 4 person-months of international experts and 18 person-months of national experts. One consulting firm with international experience will be engaged by ADB following ADB s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time) through quality- and cost-based selection method at the quality cost ratio of 80:20 using simplified technical proposal procedures. It is anticipated that the consultants will be mobilized during the fourth quarter of Procurement for the TA will be conducted in accordance with ADB s Procurement Guidelines (2013, as amended from time to time). The equipment will be handed over to QHB upon completion of the TA. 23. Training, workshops, and the international study tour will be organized by the consultants and will be included in the contract. The consultants will also support QHB to establish adequate institutional coordination mechanisms and organize quarterly coordination meetings with key stakeholders, including the municipal water resources management office and Yantai City government. 24. Standard monitoring and supervision procedures for ADB-administered TA will be followed. Best practices and lessons learned will be disseminated through national workshops, various technical reports, and a knowledge product to be posted on QDRC and ADB websites. IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION 25. The President, acting under the authority delegated by the Board, has approved the provision of technical assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $300,000 on a grant basis to the Government of the People s Republic of China for Daguhe Groundwater Rehabilitation and Protection, and hereby reports this action to the Board.

10 6 Appendix 1 DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK Design Summary Impact Sustainable utilization and management of Daguhe groundwater resources ensured Performance Targets and Indicators with Baselines By 2020: Daguhe groundwater management plan implemented (2013 baseline: none) Data Sources and Reporting Mechanisms Provincial annual reports Assumptions and Risks Assumption QMG remains committed to implementing the Daguhe groundwater management plan. Risks Human and financial resources may be inadequate. Institutional complications may delay implementation of the plan. Outcome Capacity of QMG to implement sustainable groundwater management in the Daguhe River Basin improved By 2015: Daguhe groundwater management plan prepared and endorsed by QDRC and submitted to municipal government (2013 baseline: none) Project technical and progress reports Annual reports from the municipal government Assumption Sufficient human and financial resources can be mobilized on time during implementation of the technical assistance. Risk Institutional coordination and cooperation may take time to establish. Outputs 1. Daguhe groundwater resources assessment carried out By 2015: Daguhe groundwater assessment report prepared (2013 baseline: none) Project technical and progress reports Annual reports from the municipal government Assumption Data and technical reports will be made available on time. 2. Groundwater resources information management system established By 2015: Daguhe groundwater information system operational (2013 baseline: none) Project technical and progress reports Annual reports from the municipal government 3. Groundwater pollution treatment options assessed By 2015: Opportunities identified to reduce agricultural pollution sources (2013 baseline: none) Project technical and progress reports Annual reports from the municipal government Technical nitrate

11 Appendix 1 7 Design Summary Performance Targets and Indicators with Baselines treatment options identified and prioritized (2013 baseline: none) Data Sources and Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks 4. Daguhe groundwater resources management plan prepared By 2015: International good practices integrated into the Daguhe groundwater management plan (2013 baseline: none) Recommendations for Daguhe groundwater management finalized and submitted to municipal government (2013 baseline: none) Project technical and progress reports Annual reports from the municipal government QDRC website and endorsement for municipal government consideration Activities with Milestones 1. Daguhe groundwater resources assessment carried out 1.1. Review, analyze, and summarize all existing studies and collected relevant data for the Daguhe groundwater resources, including hydrogeology, groundwater flow, meteorology, surface water flow, groundwater abstraction and infiltration, and climate change scenarios (by month 3) Assess possible climate change impacts on the future replenishment of Daguhe groundwater resources (by month 3) Assess current groundwater management practices, institutional arrangements, and policies, including licensing and pricing (by month 4) Summarize the findings of the assessment in a comprehensive baseline data report (by month 5). 2. Groundwater resources information management system established 2.1. Conduct a review of current water information systems and assess opportunities for upgrading the existing system (by month 2) Design and prepare specifications for a groundwater resources information system (by month 3) Procure and install the groundwater database and information system (by month 5) Provide training for QHB staff on the organization, quality control, and data entry of the existing groundwater data (by month 5) Prepare a user manual and provide training for QHB staff on use of the groundwater information system (by month 6) Conduct consultations with local governments to streamline future groundwater monitoring procedures (by month 7) Prepare a planning report and cost estimates for establishing an automated digital data collection system (by month 8). 3. Groundwater pollution treatment options assessed 3.1. Review and summarize the agricultural practices in the Daguhe area, including irrigation practices, fertilizer use, and animal waste disposal Inputs ADB: $300,000 Item Amount ($ 000) Consultants International and domestic travel 10.0 Reports and communications 4.0 Equipment 8.0 Training, seminars, and conferences 12.0 Miscellaneous administration and support costs 4.5 Contingencies 25.0 The government will provide counterpart support in the forms of counterpart staff, office facilities, meeting venues, and other in-kind contributions.

12 8 Appendix 1 Activities with Milestones (by month 3) Calculate the influence of various aeration belt structures, irrigation mode, and fertilization volume on various crops in various periods upon nitrate pollution of the groundwater source (by month 4) Assess the effect of applying slow-release fertilizer and biological filtration in the Daguhe area (by month 5) Conduct a literature review of current environmental engineering technologies for nitrate removal from groundwater (by month 5) Conduct a financial analysis and cost comparison for potential application of the most suitable technological options (by month 7) Summarize the findings in a technical report (by month 8). 4. Daguhe groundwater resources management plan prepared 4.1. Conduct a literature review on managing and protecting groundwater resources that are threatened by nitrate pollution (by month 6) Conduct an international study tour for QDRC and QHB staff to gain international experience on groundwater resources management and protection. The study tour will preferably be conducted to an ADB member country (and most preferably a developing member country) and focus on mitigating nitrate pollution (by month 8) Assess water demand scenarios for Qingdao municipality and determine usage recommendations for the Daguhe groundwater resources (by month 9) Conduct consultations with local governments on management options to ensure adequate protection from nitrate pollution (by month 11) Develop technical recommendations for the protection and use of Daguhe groundwater resources (by month 11) Assess institutional, financial, and legal requirements for implementation of the plan (by month 12) Prepare a public awareness and communications strategy to ensure full implementation of the plan (by month 14) Conduct a forum to present and discuss groundwater management options for Daguhe area (by month 16) Prepare a final Daguhe groundwater management plan (by month 18) Prepare an executive summary of the management plan for publishing a 10 page policy brief (by month 18). Inputs ADB = Asian Development Bank, QDRC = Qingdao Development and Reform Commission, QHB = Qingdao Hydrological Bureau, QMG = Qingdao Municipal Government. Source: Asian Development Bank.

13 Appendix 2 9 COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN ($ 000) Item Amount Asian Development Bank a 1. Consultants a. Remuneration and per diem i. International consultants ii. National consultants b. International and local travel 10.0 c. Reports and communications Equipment b Training, seminars, and conferences a. International study tour Miscellaneous administration and support costs c Contingencies 25.0 Total Note: The technical assistance (TA) is estimated to cost $400,000, of which contributions from the Asian Development Bank are presented in the table above. The government will provide counterpart support in the form of counterpart staff, office facilities, meeting venues, and other in-kind contributions. The value of the government s contribution is estimated to account for 25% of the TA s total cost. a Financed by the Asian Development Bank s Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-other sources). b Includes two desktop computers, two printers, and groundwater information system software. c Includes translation and dissemination expenses. Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.

14 10 Appendix 3 A. Introduction OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS 1. The Qingdao Development and Reform Commission and the Qingdao Hydrological Bureau will be supported by technical assistance (TA) financed by Asian Development Bank (ADB) and including international and national consulting services to provide support and training in the areas of groundwater protection and planning while following international good management practices. A team of one international expert (4 person-months) and five national experts (18 person-months) will be recruited. One consulting firm with international experience will be engaged by ADB following ADB s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time) through the quality- and cost-based selection method at quality cost ratio of 80:20 using simplified technical proposal procedures. It is anticipated that the consultants will be mobilized during the first quarter of The consultants will submit their draft and final reports in English and Chinese to the Government of the People s Republic of China and ADB, including one electronic copy. The reports will be published in Chinese and English and made available online. B. Terms of Reference 3. Hydrogeologist and team leader (national, 9 person-months). The team leader will be responsible for the overall coordination and technical outputs of the TA. The team leader will review the contributions by the national and international experts and integrate the findings into the TA s final outputs. The team leader should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in hydrogeology or water resources management, (ii) at least 10 years of relevant experience in sustainable groundwater management, and (iii) at least 2 years of experience in managing foreign-funded projects. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) coordinate and review the technical work of the national and international consultants; (ii) review, analyze, and summarize all existing studies and collected relevant data for the Daguhe groundwater resources, including hydrogeology, groundwater flow, meteorology, surface water flow, groundwater abstraction and infiltration, and climate change scenarios; (iii) assess possible climate change impacts on the future replenishment of Daguhe groundwater resources; (iv) assess current groundwater management practices, institutional arrangements, and policies, including licensing and pricing; (v) summarize the findings of the assessment in a comprehensive baseline data report; (vi) conduct a literature review on managing and protecting groundwater resources that are threatened by nitrate pollution; (vii) organize and conduct technical workshops to present and discuss the findings and recommendations with key stakeholders; (viii) organize an international study tour for Qingdao municipal government staff to gain international experience on groundwater resources management and protection (the study tour will preferably be conducted in an ADB developing member country and focus on mitigating nitrate pollution); (ix) assess water demand scenarios for Qingdao municipality and recommend usage of the Daguhe groundwater resources;

15 Appendix 3 11 (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) conduct consultations with local governments on the management options to ensure adequate protection from nitrate pollution; support the international expert in developing technical recommendations for the protection and usage of Daguhe groundwater resources; support the international expert in assessing institutional, financial, and legal requirements for implementation of the plan; support the international expert in preparing a public awareness and communications strategy to ensure full implementation of the plan; conduct a forum to present and discuss groundwater management options for the Daguhe area; support the international expert in preparing a final Daguhe groundwater management plan; and participate and present findings in consultations and workshops. 4. Groundwater resources planning specialist (international, 4 person-months). With support from the national team leader, the international specialist will be responsible for preparation of the final groundwater management plan under output 4. The specialist should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in hydrogeology or water resources engineering or any related field; and (ii) at least 10 years of relevant experience in water resources planning, preferably including in the People s Republic of China. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) develop technical recommendations for the protection and usage of Daguhe groundwater resources; (ii) with support from the national financial specialist, assess institutional, financial, and legal aspects for implementation of the plan; (iii) prepare a public awareness and communications strategy to ensure full implementation of the plan; (iv) participate in a forum to present and discuss groundwater management options for the Daguhe area; (v) prepare a final Daguhe groundwater management plan; (vi) prepare a 10 page policy brief summarizing the Daguhe groundwater management plan; (vii) participate in and present findings at consultations and workshops; and (viii) conduct any task that is reasonably requested by the team leader. 5. Water resources information management specialist (national, 3 person-months). The specialist will be responsible for output 2 and will closely work with the national team leader in preparing the TA s final outputs. The specialist should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in water resources management or a related field; and (ii) preferably 8 years, but at least 4 years, of relevant experience in the development of databases. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) conduct a review of current water information systems and assess opportunities for upgrading of the existing system; (ii) design and prepare specifications for a groundwater resources information system; (iii) procure and install the groundwater database and information system; (iv) provide training for Qingdao Hydrological Bureau staff on the organization, quality control, and data entry of the existing groundwater data; (v) prepare a user s manual and provide training for Qingdao Municipal Hydrological Bureau staff on use of the groundwater information system;

16 12 Appendix 3 (vi) (vii) (viii) conduct consultations with local governments to streamline future groundwater monitoring procedures; prepare a planning report and cost estimate for establishing an automated digital data collection system; and participate in and present findings at consultations and workshops. 6. Agricultural pollution control specialist (national, 3 person-months). In close cooperation with the environmental engineer, the specialist will be responsible for output 3 and will closely work with the national team leader in preparing the final outputs of the TA. The specialist should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in agricultural water management; and (ii) preferably 8 years, but at least 4 years, of relevant experience in agricultural pollution control. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) review and summarize the agricultural practices in the Daguhe area, including irrigation practices, fertilizer usage, and animal waste disposal; (ii) prepare calculations on the influence of irrigation mode and fertilizing volume on various crops in various periods on groundwater nitrate pollution; (iii) assess the effect of applying slow-release fertilizer and biological filtration in the Daguhe area; (iv) in cooperation with the financial specialist, conduct a financial analysis and cost comparison for potential application of the most suitable technological options; (v) summarize the findings in a technical report; and (vi) participate in and present findings at consultations and workshops. 7. Environmental engineer (national, 2 person-months). In close cooperation with the agricultural pollution control specialist, the engineer will be responsible for output 3 and will work closely with the national team leader in preparing the TA s final outputs. The engineer should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in environmental engineering; and (ii) preferably 8 years, but at least 4 years, of relevant experience in water treatment technologies. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) conduct a literature review of current environmental engineering technologies for nitrate removal from groundwater; (ii) in cooperation with the financial specialist, conduct a financial analysis and cost comparison for potential application of the most suitable technological options; (iii) summarize the findings in a technical report; and (iv) participate in and present findings at consultations and workshops. 8. Financial specialist (national, 1 person-month). The specialist will support the agricultural pollution control specialist and the environmental engineer in conducting the financial analysis of output 3. He or she will work closely with the national team leader in preparing the final outputs of the TA. The specialist should have (i) a master s degree or equivalent qualifications in financial management; and (ii) preferably 8 years, but at least 4 years, of relevant experience in conducting financial analyses of investment projects. Specific tasks will include the following: (i) provide support for the agricultural pollution control specialist and environmental engineer in conducting a financial analysis and cost comparison for potential application of the most suitable technological options; (ii) provide support for the international groundwater resources planning specialist in assessing institutional, financial, and legal aspects for implementation of the plan; (iii) summarize the findings in a technical report; and (iv) participate in and present findings at consultations and workshops.

17 Appendix The consultants will prepare at minimum the following reports: (i) comprehensive baseline data report on the Daguhe aquifer area; (ii) summary report on the international study tour; (iii) short report on the groundwater information system; (iv) forum report summarizing the discussions on groundwater management options for the Daguhe area; (v) technical report on agricultural pollution control and technological treatment options; (vi) final Daguhe groundwater management plan; and (vii) knowledge product summarizing the Daguhe groundwater management plan.