Sixth Meeting of the Directors General of Civil Aviation of Africa and the Indian Ocean (AFI-DGCA/6) INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

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1 Sixth Meeting of the Directors General of Civil Aviation of Africa and the Indian Ocean (AFI-DGCA/6) INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT Presented by the Secretariat Brazzaville, Congo. 2-4 November, 2016

2 Environmental Protection Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities. This Strategic Objective fosters ICAO's leadership in all aviation-related environmental activities and is consistent with the ICAO and UN system environmental protection policies and practices. Protection de l environnement : Limiter au minimum les effets néfastes des activités d aviation civile sur l environnement. Cet Objectif stratégique renforce le rôle de chef de file de l OACI dans toutes les activités concernant le rapport entre aviation et environnement, et est conforme aux politiques de l OACI et du système des Nations Unies en matière de protection de l environnement. 2

3 Environmental Protection A39 Resolutions A39-1 Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection General provisions, noise and local air quality A39-1 Exposé récapitulatif de la politique permanente et des pratiques de l OACI dans le domaine de la protection de l environnement Dispositions générales, bruit et qualité de l air locale A39-2 Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection Climate change A39-2: Exposé récapitulatif de la politique permanente et des pratiques de l OACI dans le domaine de la protection de l environnement Changements climatiques 3

4 Environmental Protection A39 Resolutions A39-3 Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection Global Market-based Measure (MBM) Scheme A39-3 Exposé récapitulatif de la politique permanente et des pratiques de l OACI dans le domaine de la protection de l environnement Régime mondial de mesures basées sur le marché (MBM) 4

5 ICAO and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Read more at: SAFETY ICAO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES CAP/EFF SEC/FAL ECON DEV ENV Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5 Goal 6 Goal 7 Goal 8 Goal 9 Goal 10 Goal 11 Goal 12 Goal 13 Goal 14 Goal 15 Goal 16 Goal 17 End poverty in all its forms everywhere End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Reduce inequality within and among countries Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

6 Environmental Protection Main areas of activity Aircraft Noise Aircraft Emissions: Local Air Quality Aircraft Emissions: Greenhouse gases / Climate Change

7 Revenue Passenger-Kilometres (billion) Oil crisis Iran-Iraq war Gulf war Asian crisis 9/11 terrorist attack SARS World recession 7000 Growth of air transport % growth rate vs billion FTK % growth rate vs trillion RPK Freight Tonne-Kilometres (billion) Source: ICAO Annual Report of the Council 7 Scheduled commercial traffic Total (international and domestic) services

8 Air route network 2015 Source: ICAO 8

9 OUTLINE PROGRESS ON THE ICAO BASKET OF MEASURES - Technological improvement - Operational Measures - Sustainable alternative fuels - Global Market-Based Measure STATE ACTION PLANS AND CAPACITY-BUILDING COOPERATION WITH THE UNFCCC - COP21 - CDM Methodologies 9

10 PROGRESS ON THE ICAO BASKET OF MEASURES 10

11 AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY ICAO

12 Historic trends show that aircraft entering today s fleet are ~80% more fuel efficient than in the 1960s. Image Sources:

13 The ICAO CO 2 Standard is the first global design Standard for CO 2 emissions of any sector. It will apply to new aeroplane type designs from 2020 aeroplane type designs that are already in-production in 2023 In-production aeroplanes that do not meet the standard from 2028 can no longer be produced Widest range of aeroplane masses types covered especially stringent for larger aeroplanes, which account for more than 90% of international aviation emissions. 13

14 OPERATIONAL MEASURES: Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBUs) ICAO

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16 Operational Efficiency in a Static ATM System up to 2040 If no ATM improvements are made, system efficiency will degrade by 2% every decade Inefficiency, 15% 2030 Inefficiency, 17% 2040 Inefficiency, 19% Necessary fuel burn, 85% Necessary fuel burn, 83% Necessary fuel burn, 81% 1.7x 2010 Operations 2.7x 2010 Operations 4.0x 2010 Operations Source: IEOGG 2013 and CAEP/9 Forecast ICAO

17 CO 2 Emissions (Mt) CO 2 emissions (Mt) Full implementation of ASBU Block 0 could achieve 0.7 to 1.4% fuel/co 2 emissions savings in 2018 compared to CO 2 Emissions Saved from the Implementation of ASBU Block 0 in Context 17

18 SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FUELS ICAO

19 The technical feasibility of drop-in alternative jet fuels is proven. Five alternative fuel pathways certified for aviation Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA); Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK); Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA-SPK); Hydroprocessed Fermented Sugar-Synthetic Isoparaffins (HFS-SIP); and Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (ATJ-SPK). More than 2,200 commercial flights operated since 2011 growing to 5,500 by the end of 2016 Alternative jet fuels are a reality. 19

20 Contribution of the Basket of Measures on International Aviation Fuel Burn The future development and use of alternative fuels will highly depend on the policies in place Potential contribution of fuel burn reduction scenarios Potential contribution of alternative fuels to petroleumbased jet fuel replacement Dashed line represents 100% replacement of conventional jet fuel with alternative fuel by 2050** 20

21 GLOBAL MARKET-BASED MEASURE 21

22 GLOBAL MARKET-BASED MEASURE (MBM) Agreement on a global MBM scheme - Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). CORSIA complements the broader package in the basket of measures designed to help achieve ICAO s global aspirational goal of carbon neutral growth from Phased-in implementation approach: pilot phase from 2021 through 2023 first phase from 2024 through 2026, second phase from 2027 through 2035; For the first two phases, participation is voluntary.

23 GLOBAL MARKET-BASED MEASURE (MBM) 65 States (> 86.5% of international traffic) announced voluntary participation in the CORSIA from The ICAO Assembly agreement on the CORSIA complements the ambition of the 2015 UNFCCC Paris Agreement and constitutes the most significant climate agreement since adoption of the former. Time for Implementation: development of SARPs and guidance for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system etc., and capacity building and assistance to States

24 Traffic rankings in International Scheduled Revenue Tonne-Kilometres (RTK) 24

25 VOLUNTARY STATE ACTION PLANS AND CAPACITY BUILDING 25

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27 For States States Action Plans to reduce aviation CO2 emissions Opportunity to identify and communicate measures to address CO2 emissions from international aviation as well as any assistance needs to implement the measures For ICAO Communication Tool between ICAO and its Member States Assess the global progress towards the achievement of aspirational goals and address specific assistance needs of States. 27

28 States Action Plans ICAO Capacity Building Programme ICAO Guidance Document on the Development of States Action Plans (Doc 9988) h ICAO Interactive Web-Interface APER website Environmental Benefits Tool (EBT) to support CO 2 emissions calculation h Hands-on Training seminars in all ICAO Regions and over 400 Teleconferences and Meetings with States Focal Points h Support provided by ICAO Regional Offices and Technical Cooperation Bureau 28

29 States that have been trained in the development of action plans 29

30 95 States, representing approximately 88.1% international RTK have submitted an action plan as of end of June 2016 RTK with no Action Plan 11.9% 5TK from States who have Submitted an Action Plan (94 States) 88.1% 30

31 States Action Plans - Key Achievements 116 States trained, 95 States Action Plans submitted. Substantial engagement by States in developing Action Plans Better understanding of the sector s emissions by States Synergies for action through the involvement of different stakeholders Mainstreaming of policies and stakeholders buy-in for policy decisions States are invited to update and submit their action plans to ICAO once every three years to fully deploy their benefits. 31

32 CAPACITY BUILDING 32

33 Partnerships to Deliver Assistance to States ICAO-EC Partnership ICAO-UNDP Partnership (GEF financing) 33

34 ICAO-EC partnership to assist Member States 6.5 Million Euros ICAO African Region ICAO Caribbean Region To provide assistance to Selected States in African and Caribbean resulting in the reduction of CO 2 emissions 10 ECCAS States Dominican Republic Burkina Faso Kenya Trinidad and Tobago 34

35 ICAO UNDP Partnership (with GEF financing) Replicable clean, renewable energy pilot project To provide assistance to developing countries and Small Islands States Jamaica - resulting in the reduction of CO 2 emissions 35

36 COOPERATION WITH THE UNFCCC 36

37 The 21 st Conference of the Parties (COP21) December November 2015: ICAO Council s Declaration on International Aviation and Climate Change The President of the Council and Secretary General conveyed, through more that 20 bilateral meetings with high-level representatives, as well as through the organization and participation in high-profile side events, the message of the ICAO Council Declaration in relation to climate change negotiations. March 2016: 207th Session of the Council decided on follow-up actions after the adoption of the Paris Agreement and associate decision. 37

38 Adoption of the first two aviation-related CDM Methodologies Approved in October 2015 Methodology covers the use of systems that allow aircraft to taxi while the main engines are shut down. Approved in May 2016 Methodology covers the installation of solar panels to provide power and preconditioned air at gate. 33 kg CO 2 /min saved 5.6 kg CO 2 /min saved 38

39 The AFI DGCA/6 Meeting is invited to: a) Support ICAO s work for Environmental protection b) Encourage States to apply and follow ICAO s policies and guidance in the Environmental field c) Coordinate with ICAO in meeting States needs of implementing Action Plans d) Invite the States to actively Implement the Resolutions of A39

40 谢谢, Xie Xie Thank You Shukran,شكرا Merci Спасибо, Spasiba Gracias 40

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