The Italian Stakeholders Meeting on Biorefineries

Transcription

1 IEA Bioenergy The Italian Stakeholders Meeting on Biorefineries IEA BioEnergy Task 42 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ The Gasification Research Programme at Enea - Ti Trisaiai Donatella Barisano UTTri-Biom Division C.R. Enea Trisaia- SS Jonica 106, km donatella.barisano@enea.it Activity at Enea Trisaia Research Activity at Enea Trisaia Research Centre Tortona

2 The Enea Research Centres and Trisaia

3 Main activities at the UTTri-Biom Division UTTri-Biom Solar BIOMASS Laboratory for Solar Collector Certification BioFuels Gaseous Carriers CO H2 Ash Char NH3 H2S Steam Explosion Gasification Chemical Laboratory

4 The main activities on BioEnergy & Biofuels RD&D activities for the production of: obioethanol from lignocellulosic materials obiodiesel from waste vegetable oil (WVO) obiofuels from syngas (BTL) ohydrogen Dry gasification ogas for downstream use/conversion Biofuels implementation in to sustainable mobility Biofuels implementation in to sustainable mobility Life Cycle Analysis of the biofuels production National Atlas of Biomass Availability

5 Product gas uses: overview Review: Biomass for energy. Tony Bridgwater. J Sci Food Agric 86: (2006)

6 Gasification and key issues BIOMASS Gasification CHP Chemicals BioFuels Key issues to full technology development Reactor Design (Fixed Bed, BFB, CFB) Optimiz. of Process Cond. (P, T, gasification agent) Gas Cleaning (wet & hot; in-bed & downstream) CR Enea Trisaia UTTri-Biom Efficient i use of the syngas (FC & Biofuels) Integration & Scale up

7 Gasifiers available at Trisaia Fixed beds Bubbling fluidised bed Circulating fluidised bed

8 AIR PRODUCT GAS CYLINDRICAL CHAMBER NOZZLE THERMOCOUPLE BIOMASS PRODUCT GAS PRODUCT GAS REFRACTORY WALL COMBUSTION REDUCTION ZONE Overview Facilities/Projects of the gasification plants Gas available Cleaning Systems Trisaia Joule/FISR Ceramic Filters 500 kwth HT Fuel Cell End Use Hydrosyn/Unique 1000 kwth Hydrosyn Lab 10 kwth Hot gas filtration Scrubbing/ in-vessel hot gas-cleaning & conditioning Hot gas cleaning & Scrubbing Gas Turbine Tecnoparco Methanol 150 kwth PI.GA Biodiesel srubber & coalescer filters Hydrogen IC Engine 130 kwth Water Scrubber & filters

9 The Circulating Fluidised Bed Gasifier Gasifier to H2-rich gas production Gasifier Circulating Fluidised d Bed Thermal input Feedstock Gasification medium End use Biomass flow rate Humidity 550 kw th Lignocellulosic residues (almond shells, straw, wood chips) steam Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (125 kwe) Operating conditions at the gasifier 120 kg/h % wt Temperature 830 C Pressure Max Gas flow rate LHV < 1 bar 350 Nm3/h MJ/Nm3 Gas Composition (% v/v; dry, N2-Free) H CO CH CO Tar (Tot Chromatog.) Particles Contaminats ~ 10 g/nm3 ~ 30 g/nm3

10 The gasification process in a steam/air CFB reactor product gas flue gas Allothermal Biomass gasification biomass steam air Low N2 % & high H2 % in the product gas Gas of high h calorific value

11 The Joule/FISR Project Dedicated crops Steam/Air Gasification (catalytic sand) Steam Energy recovery RDF Hot gas cleaning CO + H2 Fuel Cell (MCFC) Agricultural & Forestry residues Power Enea Trisaia Technical University of Vienna Pall Schumacher Partners University of L Aquila University of Strasburg University College London Ansaldo Ricerche SpA Ansaldo Energie SpA

12 The in-bed conditioning & downstream gas cleaning Hot gas filtration In-bed gas conditioning Sour gas removal

13 The Joule Plant

14 The Current Plant Configuration MCFC Joule Plant Cryogenic Storage Tanks Hydrogen Storage Bunker Control o room Gas mixing panel to anodic/cathodic streams

15 The 200 kwth UpDraft Fixed Bed Gasifier Gasifier Feedstock Gasification medium End Use Pilot plant UpDraft fixed bed Lignocellulosic residues, and Biomass/RDF blends (<15 % wt plastics) Air/Steam mixture H2/Biofuels synthesis LHV kcal/nm 3 Operating conditions Biomass 30 kg/h Humidity % wt Air flow rate 26 kg/h Steam flow rate 10 kg/h Gas Composition (% v/v; dry) H CH4 2 3 CO CO O2 1 2 N2 ~ 40 Contaminats Tar (gravim., Chromat.) 60 70, g/nm 3 Particles ~ 1 g/nm 3

16 The Tecnoparco Project Steam/air Gasification of Biomass/RDF mix Production of a gaseous Fuel stream Use in advanced applications Tar H2 Storage Carbon Nanotubes UpDraft Gasifier BioDiesel Scrubber Coalescer Filters WGS CO2- removal via MEA Methanol Partners Enea Trisaia i Ansaldo Ricerche SpA Tecnoparco Val Basento SpA II Università di Napoli Politecnico di Milano SO.ME.CO. Srl Università di Roma - Tor Vergata Politecnico di Torino

17 The UpDraft gasification Plant

18 The 1 MWth Bubbling Fluidised Bed Gasifier & the China Project Power Production Medium Size Gasifier Feedstock Gasification medium Bubbling fluidised bed Wood residues, rice husk Air O2/steam Thermal input End use Power output ICE 1 MW th Gas Turbine/HTFC 160 kwe Operating Condisions Biomass Feeding rate Humidity Air flow rate 280 kg/h % wt 220 Nm3/h Product gas Flow rate kg/h Temperature C Pressure 1.0 bar Gas Composition (% v/v, dry, N2-free) CO H CH CO C2H6 < 0.5

19 The China Project Trisaia From China Project to Hydrosyn Objective: Development of a low environmental impact technology for gaseous fuel production, H2-Rich Gas, and combustion for low environmental energy production. Main Changes Design: Air O2/Steam; Compact Design. Final Goal: H % LIER Cina (Liaoning Energy Research Institute)

20 The ICBFB Configuration Changes China Design Hydrosyn Design Syngas Catalytic Ceramic Candels Unique Design Biomass Steam/Gas In-bed gas conditioning Ashes and exausted solid inventory Catalytic Bed & Additives

21 The UNIQUE Project Catalytic ceramic candles Syngas High clean H2 rich gas High Efficiency in Advanced End Use (SOFC) Compact system gasification & gas treatment High carbon conversion No exergy loss Biomass Steam/Gas In-bed gas conditioning Reduced environmental impact (no exhaust liq.) Direct, Operation & Maintenance reduction costs Target Ashes and exausted solid inventory Additives and catalytic sand for in-bed gas treatment 0.04 /kwh at

22 The Partners Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Instytut Energetyki Pall Filtersystems GmbH Werk Sh Schumacherh Vienna University of Technology Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg Biomasse Kraftwerk Güssing GmbH & Co KG Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Politehnica University of Timisoara University of L Aquila Centro Ricerche Trisaia

23 The Current ICBFB Gasification Plant Upgrading of the plant in progress

24 The Project Web Site

25 Thanks for your attention

26 Back

27 Chemicals & Biofuels from Syngas SNG Back P.L. Spath and D.C. Dayton. NREL/TP December 2003

28 The internal recirculation way The internal re-circulation mode allows a longer residence time of the biomass/char particles inside the fluidised bed, thus giving to the biomass the possibility of a higher conversion yield into gaseous products. Decomposition of Wood Particles in Fluidized Beds. N. Jand et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, Back