Author: Miloš M. ČOKIĆ PhD student, MSc, Civil Engineering, Mentor: Marija S. TODOROVIĆ PhD, Mechanical Engineering,

Transcription

1 Author: Miloš M. ČOKIĆ PhD student, MSc, Civil Engineering, Mentor: Marija S. TODOROVIĆ PhD, Mechanical Engineering,

2 possibility to reduce total energy consumption, by decreasing space conditioning energy needs possibility of renewable energy sources use, to supply the household energy needs overview on the current condition and residual life of the house

3 Characteristics: traditional, region-based architecture dependent on the materials from the immediate natural environment architectural concept and construction forms are conditioned by the terrain and climate properties Data source: "The Atlas of folk building of Serbia, Republic Institute for Protection of Monuments of Culture Belgrade Goals: preservation of the traditional houses adaptation to modern living conditions reduction of heating and cooling energy use application of renewable energy sources

4 Houses near the city of Majdanpek Houses near the city of Jagodina

5 Case study house: house of Slađana Micković location: Ribare village, near the city of Jagodina type: rural, family, old house built in the second half of the 19th century (1870s) house on one level with unconditioned attic

6

7 Temperature [ C] Temperature [ C] Annual air temperature oscillation profile, Ćuprija Dry bulb temperature Dewpoint temperature Outside monthly mean air temperatures, Ćuprija Dry bulb temperature Dewpoint temperature Hour in year [h] Month

8 Ground floor plate is made from rammed earth Walls objects structural whole is consisted of wooden skeleton (supporting beams and columns) and the cob walls (mixture of mud, straw, wood chips and sand) Ceiling/internal floor wooden boards laid on wooden beams Roof wooden structure. It is covered with old clay tiles Windows single glass wooden frame windows Doors old wooden doors

9 Ground floor area: 51,42 m 2 Internal floor area: 58,25 m 2 Floor height: 2,8 m Wall area: 85,62 m 2 Window orientation and area: - west: 0,89 m 2 - south: 1,78 (2 x 0,89) m 2 - east: 0,27 m 2 Window-wall ratio: 3,43% Door orientation: - west: 2,01 m 2

10 Bentley AECOsim Building Designer house model with displayed roof and wall structure

11 Bentley AECOsim Energy Simulator house model 3D house model Ground floor top view

12 Heat transfer coef. U [W/(m 2 K)] Ins. thickness [m] 0,4 Insulation thickness MO1-MO5 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 Ground floor - Min. wool Wall - EPS Ceiling/Internal floor - Min. wool Roof - Min. wool Roof - Gls. Wool MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Heat transfer coefficient MO1-MO5 Ground floor Wall Ceiling/Internal floor MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 MO1-4,995 MO1-5,333 MO1-5,826 Roof Door Window

13 [W/m 2 ] [W/m 2 ] Household energy demands calculations include energy needs for heating, cooling, lighting, electrical appliances and HWS. Spec. heat losses, 21. January Spec. heat gains, 21. July MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 0 MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 Specific heat losses Specific heat gains

14 Temperature [ C] Temperature [ C] Free floatng regime - monthly mean air temperature change for ground floor (left) and attic (right) Month Outdoor drybulb MO1 MO Month MO3 MO4 MO5 Free floating regime analysis of buildings internal air temperatures for typical meteorological year without heating or cooling of the indoor space [1].

15 Energy demands [kwh/year] ,85 kwh/m 2 Annual heating, cooling and total energy needs ,24 kwh/m ,32 kwh/m 2 131,15 kwh/m 2 123,88 kwh/m 2 113,55 kwh/m ,21 kwh/m 2 56,23 kwh/m 2 47,51 kwh/m 2 35,61 kwh/m ,19 kwh/m 2 9,83 kwh/m 2 10,64 kwh/m 2 12,08 kwh/m 2 13,65 kwh/m 2 MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 Total energy demands Heating Cooling

16 [kwh] 3500 Monthly energy needs for heating and cooling Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MO1 - heating MO1 - cooling MO2 - heating MO2 - cooling MO3 - heating MO3 - cooling MO4 - heating MO4 - cooling MO5 - heating MO5 - cooling

17 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Annual energy needs percentage for all calculated processes 5,3 8,3 9,7 11,8 14,8 55,6 51,2 46,3 38,6 84,1 36,1 39,1 41,9 46,6 10,6 17,9 19,4 20,8 23,1 MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 HWS Appliances, Electronics and Lighting Heating Cooling

18 [kwh/year] [m 2 ] [kwh/year] [kg/year] PV panels area for annual appliances, electronics, lighting and HWS energy needs Annual biomass use for heating , ,04 MO1 MO2 - MO Appliances, Electronics, Lighting and HWS Energy demand [kwh/year] 0 MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 0 PV panels total area [m2] Heating [kwh] Biomass [kg]

19 Each PV module used in calculations has nominal 120 W of electric output, with an active area of 0,92 m 2. Electric power inverter losses are set to 10%, and all modules are oriented to south with 30 pitch angle. To satisfy the energy needs for MO1, the installment of 12 modules with total area of 11,04 m 2 and total electric power output of 1,44 kw will be needed. For the models MO2-MO5, the installment of 22 PV modules with total area of 20,24 m 2 and total electric power output of 2,64 kw will be needed to satisfy the annual energy needs for lighting, electronics, appliances and HWS. The value of kwh/t of pellet was used for the conversion of annual electric energy consumption for heating to required biomass amount.

20 The results of the analysis show that, if the house condition and its residual life value are satisfactory, houses thermal refurbishment gives notable and favorable results that will affect the energy use for heating and cooling of the building in its present condition. That is essential from the aspect of energy efficiency because it contributes to less energy consumption, and therefore less fossil fuel use, CO 2 emission and energy cost expenses. Household energy needs can be satisfied from renewable sources, which would reduce the energy needs and the costs of electricity. The results of the analysis are imposing some additional questions that should provide the basis for further research. This raises the question of justification of the building renovation, which should be considered through the analysis of the current state of the building and its residual life and the total cost of rehabilitation and refurbishment, as well as the overall impact of the process on the environment through CO 2 emission.

21 Also, in terms of the preservation of traditional architecture and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to consider the construction method of new houses and renovation of existing ones, by use of the material with similar composition and properties, which should be accessible on-site or near the settlement. The above mentioned conclusions are entailing the necessity of further analysis of possibility of transition to "green" energy sources, as well as its consequences on a household and its surroundings in a long term.

22 [1] Todorović, M. S., BPS, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources for buildings greening and zero energy cities planning: Harmony and ethics of sustainability, Energy and Buildings, year 2012, vol. 48, Pages [2] Todorović, M. S., HARMONIOUS INTEGRATED RURAL AND URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE, A MILESTONE FOR ENERGY PLUS NEW AND DEEP ENERGY REFURBISHED BUILDINGS, 45th HVAC International Congress, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, December [3] Todorović, M. S., Regional Programme for the Cultural and Natural Heritage in South-East Europe LDPP [4] Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Srbije, Narodno graditeljstvo kao arhitektonska vrsta i spomenička vrednost, [5] Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Srbije, [6] Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture - Beograd, [7] Bojić, M., S. Djordjević, A. Stefanović, M. Miletić, D. Cvetković, Decreasing energy consumption in thermally non-insulated old house via Refurbishment, Energy and Buildings, year 2012., vol. 54, pg [8] Miletić M., I. Miletić, E. Dolićanin, V. Nikolić, Influence of New and Old Regulation Standard for Energy Efficiency on Thermal Insulation in Serbia, Scientific Publications of the State University of Novi Pazar, Ser. A: Appl. Math. Inform. and Mech., year 2014, vol. 6, 2, pg

23 [9] Goodhew, S., R. Griffiths, Sustainable earth walls to meet the building regulations, Energy and Buildings, year 2005, vol. 37, pg , Table 2 [10] Bentley AECOsim Building Designer V8i [11] Bentley AECOsim Energy Simulator V8i [12] EnergyPlus Energy Simulation Software [13] Glavonjić, B., DRVNA GORIVA: VRSTE, KARAKTERISTIKE I POGODNOSTI ZA GREJANJE, SNV Montenegro, Podgorica, Crna Gora, [14] The Biomass Energy Centre - UK government information centre for the use of biomass for energy in the UK [15] Shah A., A. Kumar, CHALLENGES IN RESIDUAL SERVICE LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR REFURBISHMENT PROJECTS, CRC Construction Innovation Conference, QUT Digital Repository: year 2009 [16] Krnjetin, S., V. Mrkajić, Nepečena stabilizovana zemlja Građevinski materijal budućnosti, KGH, year 2008, BI- BLID (206), 37:3, pg

24 [17] Todorović, M. S., HARMONIZED RURAL AND URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TO PRESERVE NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE - Via Renewable Energy Sources, Energy Efficiency, 3rd International Conference Energy in Buildings 2014, Athens, ASHRAE Hellenic Chapter, November [18] Todorović, M. S., O.Ećim, I.Martinović, AN APPROACH TO ADVANCE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MASONRY BUILDINGS, Journal for Research of Materials and Structures, year 2010, Vol. 4, LIII, pp [19] Todorović, M. S., P. Vasiljević, INTEGRATED RESIDENTIAL - MUNICIPAL REFURBISHMENT & MODELING PREDICTIVE SMART CONTROL FOR ZERO CO2 EMISSION CITIES, MT kgh [20] Todorović, M. S., O.Ećim, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDING'S GREENING From Traditional Serbian Village Houses Via High-rise Residential Buildings BPS and DHS Measurements to the National Energy Efficiency Action Planning, AIIR 43th Conference of Installations, Sinaia, Romania, 2010.

25 Author: Miloš M. ČOKIĆ PhD student, MSc, Civil Engineering, Mentor: Marija S. TODOROVIĆ PhD, Mechanical Engineering,